Goat’s rue (Galega orientalis Lam.), a potential pasture legume for temperate conditions

In this paper, a perennial legume Galega orientalis Lam. (goat’s rue), is presented. This unselected forage legume originating from regions with a Mediterranean climate, grows well in North-European conditions in Finland. It seems to be very persistent and produces yields that equal or even exceed those of red clover in quantity and quality. The trials on management practices and feeding carried out at the University of Helsinki are reported here. The research will be continued on mass selection for low alcaloid and fiber contents, seed production and use of grass-mixtures for making hay or silage.

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AC Langille birdsfoot trefoil

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p96-097 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 653-654 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽

T. M. Choo ◽

B. R. Christie ◽

W. G. Thomas ◽

D. B. McKenzie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lotus Corniculatus ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽

Mass Selection ◽

Original Material ◽

Seedling Vigor ◽

Science Department ◽

Cultivar Description ◽

Selection For ◽

The University

AC Langille is a birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) cultivar developed by the Nappan Research Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It was developed through two cycles of mass selection for winterhardiness and one cycle of mass selection for seedling vigor. The original material was six distinct germplasms selected from the cultivar Leo and released from the Crop Science Department of the University of Guelph. AC Langille is superior to the check cultivar Leo in forage yield and seedling vigor in Atlantic Canada. Key words: Birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus, cultivar description, seedling vigor

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Temperate pasture legumes in Australia—their history, current use, and future prospects

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp12194 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (9) ◽

pp. 691 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

P. G. H. Nichols ◽

C. K. Revell ◽

A. W. Humphries ◽

J. H. Howie ◽

E. J. Hall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

White Clover ◽

Soil Acidity ◽

Red Clover ◽

Important Species ◽

Annual Legumes ◽

Pasture Legumes ◽

Perennial Legume ◽

Perennial Legumes ◽

Pasture Legume

Australian farmers and scientists have embraced the use of new pasture legume species more than those in any other country, with 36 annual and 11 perennial legumes having cultivars registered for use. Lucerne (Medicago sativa), white clover (Trifolium repens), and red clover (T. pratense) were introduced by the early European settlers and are still important species in Australia, but several other species, notably annual legumes, have been developed specifically for Australian environments, leading to the evolution of unique farming systems. Subterranean clover (T. subterraneum) and annual medics (Medicago spp.) have been the most successful species, while a suite of new annual legumes, including serradellas (Ornithopus compressus and O. sativus), biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus) and other Trifolium and Medicago species, has expanded the range of legume options. Strawberry clover (T. fragiferum) was the first non-traditional, perennial legume commercialised in Australia. Other new perennial legumes have recently been developed to overcome the soil acidity and waterlogging productivity constraints of lucerne and white clover and to reduce groundwater recharge and the spread of dryland salinity. These include birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), Talish clover (T. tumens), and hairy canary clover (Dorycnium hirsutum). Stoloniferous red clover cultivars and sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) cultivars adapted to southern Australia have also been released, along with a new cultivar of Caucasian clover (T. ambiguum) aimed at overcoming seed production issues of cultivars released in the 1970s. New species under development include the annual legume messina (Melilotus siculus) and the perennial legume narrowleaf lotus (L. tenuis) for saline, waterlogged soils, and the drought-tolerant perennial legume tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata). Traits required in future pasture legumes include greater resilience to declining rainfall and more variable seasons, higher tolerance of soil acidity, higher phosphorous utilisation efficiency, lower potential to produce methane emissions in grazing ruminants, better integration into weed management strategies on mixed farms, and resistance to new pest and disease threats. Future opportunities include supplying new fodder markets and potential pharmaceutical and health uses for humans and livestock. New species could be considered in the future to overcome constraints of existing species, but their commercial success will depend upon perceived need, size of the seed market, ease of establishment, and management and safety of grazing animals and the environment. Molecular biology has a range of potential applications in pasture legume breeding, including marker-assisted and genomics-assisted selection and the identification of quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for important traits. Genetically modified pasture plants are unlikely to be commercialised until public concerns are allayed. Private seed companies are likely to play an increasingly important role in pasture legume development, particularly of mainstream species, but the higher risk and more innovative breakthroughs are likely to come from the public sector, provided the skills base for plant breeding and associated disciplines is maintained.

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Factors Underlying Seed Yield in Red Clover: Review of Current Knowledge and Perspectives

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9120829 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 829

Author(s):

Tim Vleugels ◽

Helga Amdahl ◽

Isabel Roldán-Ruiz ◽

Gerda Cnops

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Management Practices ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Red Clover ◽

Corolla Tube ◽

Male Meiosis ◽

Future Research ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Poor Seed ◽

Selection For

Red clover is a valuable forage crop, but often copes with unsatisfactory seed yield. Management practices to increase seed yield include fertilization, adequate weed and pest control, the synchronization of flowering through pre-cutting in spring, and the application of plant growth regulators to prevent lodging. Seed yield problems may have variable underlying reasons, such as inadequate pollination, fertility or genetic problems, or a combination of such traits. In this review paper, we summarize the results of recent publications that shed new light on the traits explaining seed yield differences between red clover genotypes. The main seed yield components are the number of flower heads per plant and the seed yield per flower head. Seed yield differences between diploid and tetraploid red clover are largely explained by the lower seed number per head. Recent research showed that, although inadequate pollination can lead to poor seed yield in certain areas, pollination cannot explain differences in seed yield between genotypes, cultivars, or ploidy levels. Correspondingly, corolla tube dimensions are not associated with seed yield, in spite of what is often believed by seed producers. On the other hand, fertility problems such as aberrations during male meiosis tend to occur more frequently in tetraploid genotypes and/or genotypes with low seed yield. A recent genetic study revealed 34 candidate genes for seed development, which opens perspectives for marker-assisted breeding. A final and remarkable finding is the occurrence of self-fertility in tetraploid red clover and its association with high seed yield. Breeders should be aware that selection for seed yield in tetraploid red clover may lead to unintentional selection for self-fertility, with possible consequences for inbreeding. The implications of recent findings for seed yield breeding and for the creation of novel tetraploids are discussed. Future research opportunities are considered.

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AC Charlie red clover

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps94-149 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 825-826 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T. M. Choo ◽

B. R. Christie ◽

G. F. Bélanger ◽

Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽

S. Kilyanek

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

Mass Selection ◽

Severe Winter ◽

Winter Conditions ◽

Trifolium Pratense L ◽

Cultivar Description ◽

Selection For ◽

Forage Yields

The red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cultivar, AC Charlie, is a diploid of the early or double-cut type. It was developed by two cycles of mass selection for persistence and vigour. Forage yields after severe winter conditions indicate that AC Charlie is more winterhardy than Florex in Atlantic Canada. It is similar in maturity to Florex and 3–4 d later than Marino. Key words: Cultivar description, red clover, AC Charlie

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Current status and trends in breeding of perennial forage crops

Кормопроизводство ◽

10.25685/krm.2017.2017.10196 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

B.М. Косолапов ◽

C.В. Пилипко

Keyword(s):

Acid Soils ◽

Red Clover ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Chemical Mutagenesis ◽

Current Status ◽

Mass Selection ◽

Forage Production ◽

Forage Crops ◽

High Productivity ◽

Perennial Legume

Современная концепция устойчивого развития сельского хозяйства, особенно важнейших его отраслей, растениеводства и кормопроизводства, предполагает широкое использование интенсивных сортов нового поколения. В связи с этим во ВНИИ кормов им. В. Р. Вильямса проводятся научные исследования по созданию климатически и экологически дифференцированных сортов кормовых культур с использованием современных методов селекции. В результате этой работы выведены 150 новых сортов клевера, люцерны, однолетних и многолетних бобовых и злаковых трав, аридных культур. Площадь семенных посевов в настоящее время составляет 2,1 млн га. Для перспективных сортов кормовых культур характерны такие хозяйственно ценные признаки, как высокая семенная и кормовая продуктивность, более раннее созревание, устойчивость к повышенной кислотности почвы, соле- и засухоустойчивость. Созданные сорта клевера лугового формируют в различных экологических условиях 8‒13 т/га сухого вещества, обеспечивают сбор 2,0‒2,5 т/га протеина, накапливают в почве 120‒150 кг биологического азота, характеризуются разными сроками созревания, высокой продуктивностью и азотфиксирующей способностью. Ультрараннеспелый сорт клевера лугового Ранний 2, созданный методом химического мутагенеза, формирует в течение 70 дней 10‒11 т/га сухой кормовой массы. Сорт клевера лугового Марс разработан специально для кислых почв методом экспериментальной полиплоидии. Инновационные сорта люцерны Вега 87, Селена, Соната, Луговская 67, Пастбищная 88 имеют различные эдафические, фитоценотические, симбиотические характеристики и обладают высокой конкурентной способностью и устойчивостью (4‒5 лет пользования); урожайность сухого вещества составляет 11,5‒13,0 т/га. Перспективные сорта многолетних злаковых трав являются важнейшими компонентами сенокосных и пастбищных экосистем, имеют ландшафтное значение и обеспечивают урожайность сухого вещества 11,0‒12,0 т/га и выше при содержании сырого протеина 12‒15 % и переваримости сухого вещества 65‒70 %. Новый сорт полевицы гигантской Альба создан методом оценки сортообразцов и отбора их по глубине залегания корневищ. В результате исследований селекционерами ВНИИ кормов создана система инновационных сортов однолетних и многолетних бобовых и злаковых трав, климатически и экологически дифференцированных, высокопродуктивных, устойчивых к основным болезням и стрессам, обладающих повышенной симбиотической активностью. Внедрение и эффективное использование этих сортов в хозяйствах различных регионов страны обеспечит увеличение производства кормов и создание надёжной кормовой базы для животноводства. Stable agriculture development requires cultivation of novel intensive varieties. Williams Fodder Research Institute conducts breeding of various fodder varieties by modern selection. It obtained 150 varieties of clover, alfalfa, annual and perennial legumes and gramineous, arid crops. Sowing area amounts to 2.1 million ha. Promising varieties have high seed and fodder productivity, early ripening, resistance to soil acidity, salt and drought. Clover varieties form 8‒13 t dry matter ha-1, 2.0‒2.5 t protein ha-1, accumulate 120‒150 kg nitrogen in soil, have various times of maturation, high productivity and nitrogen fixing ability. Ultrashort-season red clover “Ranniy-2”, bred via chemical mutagenesis, produces 10‒11 t DM ha-1 within 70 days. Clover “Mars” was obtained through polyploidy for acid soils. Alfalfa “Vega-87”, “Selena”, “Sonata”, “Lugovskaya-67”, “Pastbishchnaya-88” show different edaphic, phytocoenotic and symbiotic characteristics, high competitiveness and resistance (4‒5 years of cultivation). DM yield is 11.5‒13.0 t ha-1. Promising varieties of perennial legume grasses give DM yield over 11.0‒12.0 t ha-1, under crude protein content of 12‒15 % and DM digestibility of 65‒70 %. Giant bentgrass “Alba” was bred through mass selection on the base of rhizome depth. Cultivating these varieties in different regions can improve forage production and create effective forage resources for Animal Husbandry.

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Cross-Canada comparison of the productivity of fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) with traditional herbage legumes

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p99-162 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 793-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

N. A. Fairey ◽

L. P. Lefkovitch ◽

B. E. Coulman ◽

D. T. Fairey ◽

T. Kunelius ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

The Other ◽

Forage Legume ◽

Agricultural Potential ◽

Trifolium Pratense L ◽

Medicago Sativa L ◽

Galega Orientalis ◽

Continental Climate

A study was conducted across Canada to compare the herbage productivity of fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) to that of traditional forage legumes, in order to assess its agricultural potential. Trials were established at latitudes ranging from 45 to 56°N with longitudes from 52°W (St. John's, Newfoundland) to 120°W (Dawson Creek, British Columbia). Herbage productivity was monitored for a maximum of 3 production years. The establishment characteristics of Gale fodder galega were comparable to those of Apica and Beaver alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Altaswede red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and somewhat superior to those of Dawn Alsike clover (T. hybridum L.) and Leo trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Anik alfalfa (M. falcata L.) was far less uniform and vigorous in its establishment than any of the other species. The average annual dry matter yield of fodder galega ranked third among the seven legumes when averaged over the nine sites; it produced 5545 (SE 95) kg ha−1 compared to 3931 (SE 72) kg ha−1 for Dawn alsike clover, the lowest-yielding crop, and 6673 (SE 114) kg ha−1 for Apica alfalfa, the highest-yielding. The cumulative dry matter yields indicated that Gale galega is at least as well adapted across Canada as the other legumes, except possibly at Saskatoon where the M. sativa alfalfas were far superior to all the other legumes in their ability to establish and thrive. The performance characteristics of Gale fodder galega indicate that it has considerable agricultural potential as an additional, perennial, herbage legume for many regions of Canada, except in the semi-arid continental climate of the central Prairies where its growth may be limited by high air temperature and/or insufficient soil moisture. Key words: Fodder galega, Galega orientalis Lam., goat's rue, herbage production, forage legume

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The effect of cutting times on goat’s rue (Galega orientalis Lam.) leys

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72418 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 391-402

Author(s):

Perttu Virkajärvi ◽

Eero Varis

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Good Condition ◽

Red Clover ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Average Yield ◽

Crude Fiber Content ◽

Beginning Of Flowering ◽

Galega Orientalis ◽

The University

The effect of four different cutting times, both in spring and autumn, on goat’s rue was studied at Viikki Experimental farm of the University of Helsinki in 1983—89. Goat’s rue showed good persistence. The plots remained in good condition, the average yield being even in the sixth year 9000 kg DM per hectare. The development of goat’s rue starts early in the spring. The growth rate and development of CP content are similar to those of red clover. The development of CF is, however, more similar to grasses. Thus, the crude fiber content limits the cutting times of goat’s rue more than the changes in crude protein content. The most suitable cutting time in spring is at the beginning of flowering in mid-June, and in autumn during the second week of September. With this management a yield of 8360 kg DM per hectare per year was reached during the experimental years. The pooled CP content was 19.9 % and the CP yield was 1660 kg/ha. The CF content was in the first cut 27.9 % and in the second cut 29.1 %. The amount of weeds in the five to six year leys was 12—18 %.

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2011 BEEF FORAGE SURVEY RESULTS

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ag410-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Sonja C. Crawford ◽

Christa L. Kirby ◽

Tycee Prevatt ◽

Brent A. Sellers ◽

Maria L. Silveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Program Evaluation ◽

Organizational Development ◽

Management Practices ◽

South Florida ◽

University Of Florida ◽

Development Unit ◽

Survey Results ◽

County Extension ◽

Ranch Management ◽

The University

The University of Florida / IFAS South Florida Beef Forage Program (SFBFP) is composed of county Extension faculty and state specialists. The members, in conjunction with the UF/IFAS Program Evaluation and Organizational Development unit, created a survey in 1982, which is used to evaluate ranch management practices. The survey is updated and distributed every 5 years to ranchers in 14 South Florida counties: Charlotte, Collier, DeSoto, Glades, Hardee, Hendry, Highlands, Hillsborough, Lee, Manatee, Martin, Okeechobee, Polk, and Sarasota. The responses are anonymous.

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