scholarly journals Nutritive value of meat and bone meal for growing pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-455
Author(s):  
Kirsi Partanen ◽  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Reversal Design

Six barrows, with an average initial body weight of 88 kg, were used in a digestibility and balance experiment to study the nutritive value of meat and bone meal (MBM). The MBM, which contained 478 g crude protein and 322 g ash/kg dry matter (DM), was included in barley-based diets at two levels: 100 and 200 g/kg. The experiment was conducted according to a two-period reversal design. The apparent digestibilities of organic matter, crude protein and crude fat in the MBM were 0.910, 0.909 and 0.730, respectively. The MBM was calculated to contain 434 g digestible crude protein, 14.26 MJ metabolizable energy and 8.82 MJ net energy/kg DM. The efficiency of nitrogen utilization decreased with an increasing MBM supply. Due to relatively high mineral intakes, the apparent digestibilities of calcium and phosphorus remained low.

Locally produced cottonseed meal for growing pigs

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (49) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham ◽  
FS Shenstone
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Gross Energy

The nutritive value of locally produced cottonseed meal, incorporated at a level of 10 per cent in wheat based diets, was compared with meat and bone meal and soybean meal for growing pigs. The effect of adding synthetic lysine to the cottonseed meal diet was also observed. The diets were fed at restricted rates and pig performance was assessed over the 18 to 45 kg, 45 to 73 kg, and 18 to 73 kg growth phases. Cottonseed meal was of similar nutritive value to meat and bone meal and the addition of lysine increased growth and feed conversion during the 18 to 45 kg growth phase. Soybean meal produced similar gains to the cottonseed meal plus lysine diet during the 18 to 45 kg range, but greater gains than the other three diets over the 18 to 73 kg range. Carcase quality was similar for all four diets. With cottonseed meal there was an increase in the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in the backfat of the pigs due to cyclopropene fatty acids in the residual oil in the meal. The metabolizable energy values of the diets were approximately 96.7 per cent of the digestible energy values and there was a significant correlation between them (r = 0.94). The correlation between digestible energy values estimated by the methods (gross energy in the feed X dry matter digestibility) and (gross energy in feed - gross energy in faeces/dry matter intake) was significant (r = 0.92).

scholarly journals Nutritive value of rapeseed meals and cakes for pigs and sheep

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
Maija-Liisa Salo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Net Energy Value ◽  
One Year

Digestibility and nutritive value for growing pigs, liveweight 40-70 kg, were determined for high glucosinolate (HG) Span and Torch (Brassica campestris) rapeseed meals (RSM) and cakes (RSC), and for low glucosinolate (LG)Regent (B. napus) RSM and DF-15 (B. campestris) RSC in barley based diets in one year or two successive years. Some of the feeds were evaluated also for sheep. The level of RSM and RSC was 20 or 30 % of diets for pigs and 32 % for sheep. The observed net energy value of commercial Span-Torch RSM for pigs was in two successive years 0.80 and 0,79 f.u./kg dry matter (DM) ( f.u. = feed unit = 0.7kg starch equivalent).The protein values were 281 and 291 g digestible crude protein (DCP)/kg DM, respectively. The 8 %-units higher fat content together with a little better digestibility of organic components raised the f.u. value of RSC about 30 % above that of RSM. For pigs there were only slight differences in the digestibility and palatability of the HG Span-Torch and the LG Regent and DF-15 meals and cakes, but there was a clear difference in the palatability in successive years. The nitrogen balances for pigs on the RSM or RSC and barley diets were 20.4-22.2 g N/d, and the biological values of protein of the RSM and RSC were 67-68. The net energy value of Span-Torch rapeseed meal for sheep was 0.91 f.u./kg DM, and the protein value 309 g DCP/kg DM. The digestibility of cakes was nearly equal to meal, but the 8 %-units higher fat content raised the f.u. value of RSC about 20 %. The digestibility of organic matter of LG DF-15 cakes was a little better (P < 0.05) than that of Span-Torch cakes. The sheep willingly ate RSM and RSC at a 32 % level of the diets.

A note on the apparent digestibility of energy and protein in dried poultry excreta

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Lowman ◽  
D. W. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Detailed Work

SUMMARYThe nutritional value of dried poultry excreta was investigated by determining the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, energy and copper in five diets containing 0 to 100% of this feed. Dried poultry excreta supplied 20·21% apparently digestible crude protein and approximately 1·57 or 1·74 Mcal of metabolizable energy per kg dry matter.The copper in dried poultry excreta was found to be less digestible than the copper in barley. It is concluded that, as far as copper levels are concerned, dried poultry excreta are safe for ruminants, and are a source ofcheap protein. More detailed work is needed to determine the metabolizable energy of the material accurately.

A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 6. Amino acid and mineral-vitamin-antibiotic supplements for maize-meat meal diets

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Cent Increase

Maize-meat meal and maize-meat and bone meal diets were supplemented with dl-tryptophan, l-lysine or a mineral-vitamin-antibiotic (MVA) premix and fed to pigs during the 1s to 45 kg growth phase. Diets were offered at an estimated 145 kcal of digestible energy and 7g crude protein per kg liveweight per day. The basal maize-meat meal diet produced poor growth and feed conversion and the combined addition of all three supplements increased growth by 46 per cent, feed conversion by 21 per cent, and lean in the ham by 4.7 per cent. This effect resulted from responses to dl-tryptophan, the MVA and an interaction between dl-tryptophan and l-lysine, with l-lysine depressing gain and feed conversion in the absence of dl- tryptophan and increasing gain, feed conversion, and lean in the ham in its presence. The basal maize-meat and bone meal diet also produced poor growth and feed conversion, and the combined addition of all three supplements resulted in an 82 per cent increase in growth, a 35 per cent increase in feed conversion, and a 3.3 per cent increase in lean in the ham. Both dl-tryptophan and MYA separately increased growth and feed conversion and combined they had an even greater effect. The l-lysine increased feed conversion and lean in the ham. The l-lysine also increased growth rates on the dl-tryptophan supplemented diets, but this effect was not significant (P>0.05).

Protein quality studies. 1. A comparison of meat and bone meal and fish meal-skim milk powder as sources of supplementary protein for growing pigs

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Wilson ◽  
JM Holder
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

Pig performance was compared on wheat based diets supplemented by two levels of either meat and bone meal or fish meal plus skim milk powder. The dry matter digestibility and nitrogen retention on these diets were determined and the effect of adding zinc to diets containing meat and bone meal was examined. At the higher level, fish meal plus skim milk powder produced greater daily gains between 60-160 lb than the meat and bone meal, but feed conversion and carcase lean were not affected. At the lower level, fish meal plus skim milk powder produced leaner carcases and greater daily gains between 60-160 lb than the meat and bone meal supplement, but had no effect on feed conversion. Between 60-100 lb, feed conversion was affected by level but not by supplement, and the higher level of fish meal plus skim milk powder produced greater daily gains than all other diets. The higher levels of each supplement produced greater nitrogen retentions and leaner carcases than the lower levels. Dry matter digestibility was least on the higher level meat and bone meal. Zinc supplements had no effect on performance.

A note on the effect of sudden changes in the composition of the diet of growing pigs

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-317
Author(s):  
R. M. Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Per Se

SUMMARYTwo diets, one based on barley and white-fish meal and the other on oats, wheat and meat and bone meal, with similar concentrations of digestible energy, crude protein, lysine and methionine+cystine were used to investigate the effects of sudden changes in the composition of the diet on the performance of pigs growing from 32 kg live weight, over a period of 77 days.The diets were given separately, alternated weekly with sudden changes from one diet to the other, or as a 1:1 mixture.Changes in diet per se had insignificant effects on performance.

The health and performance of cows fed large amounts of urea

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royce J. Treacher ◽  
Anthony J. Stark ◽  
Keith A. Collis
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ammonia Toxicity ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Degradable Protein

SUMMARYFrom 6 weeks before calving to the end of lactation 2 groups of 8 cows were fed a ration incorporating a dairy nut containing 29 g/kg urea or an isocaloric isonitrogenous nut containing fish-meal and groundnut. During the 18 weeks after calving, concentrates were fed to appetite. 305-d yields of milk (7023 and 5796 kg) and lactose (345.7 and 273.4 kg) were significantly lower in the urea-fed cows (P< 0·05). Intakes of dry matter, metabolizable energy and digestible crude protein were similar in both groups until 18 weeks after calving when feeding according to yield commenced, but by 6 weeks after calving the urea-fed cows lost only 5% of their immediate post-calving weight compared with 7% in the controls. There was no evidence of ammonia toxicity in the urea-fed cows. Blood glucose concentrations were similar in both groups, but higher serum urea concentrations in the urea-fed cows suggested that there was poor utilization of ingested N. A model proposed by Royet al.(1977) has been used to calculate the requirements of rumen-degradable protein and undegraded protein (UDP) of the 2 groups from their energy intakes and milk yields. Between 4 and 11 weeks post-calving, dietary requirement for UDP closely matched intake of UDP. It is concluded that UDP intake was a major factor in determining the peak milk yield. Mechanisms by which the degradability of the dietary protein might influence milk yield are discussed.

scholarly journals EQUATIONS TO PREDICT THE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY OF MEAT AND BONE MEAL FOR GROWING PIGS

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Araújo Castilho ◽  
Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽  
Newton Tavares Escocard de Oliveira ◽  
Cleiton Pagliari Sangali ◽  
Carolina Natali Langer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dependent Parameter ◽  
Energetic Composition

ABSTRACT The prediction of metabolizable energy (ME) of meat and bone meal (MBM) for pigs is an interesting tool, however, used models to predict these values must be validated in order to garantee higher precision. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical and energetic composition of different types of MBM for pigs and to adjust and validate models to better predict the ME based on the chemical composition. Thirty-two barrows, averaging an initial weight of 26.75 ± 1.45 kg, were individually allotted in a randomized block design with eight treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of seven types of MBM that replaced 20% of the basal diet. A stepwise procedure was the statistical procedure used to adjust the prediction equations and the ME was the dependent parameter. The validation of the adjusted models was performed using an independent databank of chemical and energetic composition of theBrazilian and international MBM. The metabolizable energy of different meat and bone meals ranged from 1645 to 2645 kcal kg-1. The equations that provide a good prediction of metabolizable energy of meat and bone meal for swine in Brazil are EM1 = -4233.58 + 0.4134GE + 72CP + 89.62ash - 159.06Ca; EM2 = 2087.49 + 0.3446GE + 31.82ash - 189.18Ca; EM3 = 2140.13 + 0.3845GE - 112.33Ca; EM4 = -346.58 + 0.656GE; EM5 = 3221.27 + 178.96fat - 76.55ash; and EM6 = 5356.45 - 84.75ash.

scholarly journals  Nutritive value of red clover and lucerne forages for ruminants estimated by in vitro and in vivo digestibility methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 454-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Homolka ◽  
V. Koukolová ◽  
M. Podsedníček ◽  
A. Hlaváčková
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Model Expression

The aim of this study was to determine the nutrient and energy levels of red clover and lucerne forage. Investigation of forage at different maturity stages of three growths was carried out by chemical analysis, in vitro and in vivo digestibility methods.&nbsp; Generally, maturation caused a significant increase in fibre fractions. With the increasing maturity of forage samples the in vivo, in vitro, and calculated in vivo (in vivo<sub>calcul</sub>) digestibilities of organic matter (OM) linearly decreased. The in vitro and in vivo<sub>calcul</sub> digestibilities of OM averaged 0.754 and 0.708 for red clover and 0.717 and 0.667 for lucerne, respectively. The in vivo OM digestibility averaged 0.710 for red clover and 0.666 for lucerne. Gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), net energy for lactation (NEL), and net energy for growth (NEG) averaged 18.12, 12.41, 9.60, 5.67, 5.50 and 18.09, 11.56, 9.01, 5.26, 4.99 MJ/kg of dry matter for red clover and lucerne, respectively. The effect of a vegetative stage on energy values of both forages was diverged for various growth times. When data were pooled across the estimated season, seven cutting-specific equations for descriptions of GE, DE, ME, NEL, NEG, in vitro, and in vivo OM digestibilities were obtained for red clover and lucerne, separately. The red clover model expression gave similar prediction equations for lucerne. It was possible to predict cutting-specific equations with coefficients of determination R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.719 for red clover and R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.400 for lucerne of the variation in GE, DE, ME, NEL, and NEG. The in vitro and in vivo OM digestibility equations were predicted with R<sup>2 </sup>being 0.840 (in vitro) and 0.707 (in vivo) for red clover, and 0.979 (in vitro) and 0.937 (in vivo) for lucerne. The parameters of these specific equations were statistically preferable than the general model expression which included both forages together. &nbsp;

Seasonal changes in nutrient intake and its utilization by range goats in a semi-arid region of India

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. SHINDE ◽  
S. K. SANKHYAN ◽  
R. BHATTA ◽  
D. L. VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Semi Arid

This study was carried out from September 1998 to August 1999, by conducting three experiments, one each in the monsoon, winter and summer seasons. The forage availability and botanical composition of native range were obtained. Five 3–4-year-old Kutchi males, weighing 50–55 kg, were used to determine total faecal output, and were observed to allow the diet selected to be sampled by the hand plucking method. Dry matter (DM) yield of range was highest during winter and lowest during monsoon, annual mean being 1611 kg DM/ha. Contribution of shrub foliage to total forage yield in monsoon, winter and summer was 3·81, 1·64 and 9·98%, respectively. Crude protein (CP) content (g/kg DM) of ground vegetation declined from 99 in monsoon to 72 in winter and 66 in summer, while that of top foliage remained similar in all the seasons (mean CP 142 g/kg). Goats consumed a diet of almost the same CP content (mean CP 137 g/kg) in all the seasons. Goats consumed 64·0, 54·0 and 55·9 g DM/kg W0·75/day, in monsoon, winter and summer (annual mean 58·0 g DM/kg W0·75 /day). DM and CP digestibility coefficients were higher in monsoon and summer (mean DM 0·595; CP 0·533) and decreased (P < 0·05) in winter (DM 0·485, CP 0·424). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility coefficients were highest in monsoon (NDF 0·542; ADF 0·446), and declined (P < 0·05) to 0·340 and 0·266 in winter and 0·415 and 0·326 in summer. Digestible crude protein (DCP) intake was almost similar in monsoon and summer (mean 4·6 g/kg W0·75 /day) and declined (P < 0·05) in winter (3·1 g/kg W0·75 /day), while metabolizable energy (ME) intake was higher in monsoon (0·90 MJ/kg W0·75 /day) and declined (P < 0·05) to 0·78 and 0·80 MJ/kg W0·75 /day, in winter and summer, respectively. Average body weight of goats in monsoon, winter and summer was 54·0, 54·6 and 56·5 kg, respectively (annual mean 55·0 kg). It is concluded that goats grazing on a semi-arid rangeland meet their DCP and ME requirement throughout the year.

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