A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 6. Amino acid and mineral-vitamin-antibiotic supplements for maize-meat meal diets

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Cent Increase

Maize-meat meal and maize-meat and bone meal diets were supplemented with dl-tryptophan, l-lysine or a mineral-vitamin-antibiotic (MVA) premix and fed to pigs during the 1s to 45 kg growth phase. Diets were offered at an estimated 145 kcal of digestible energy and 7g crude protein per kg liveweight per day. The basal maize-meat meal diet produced poor growth and feed conversion and the combined addition of all three supplements increased growth by 46 per cent, feed conversion by 21 per cent, and lean in the ham by 4.7 per cent. This effect resulted from responses to dl-tryptophan, the MVA and an interaction between dl-tryptophan and l-lysine, with l-lysine depressing gain and feed conversion in the absence of dl- tryptophan and increasing gain, feed conversion, and lean in the ham in its presence. The basal maize-meat and bone meal diet also produced poor growth and feed conversion, and the combined addition of all three supplements resulted in an 82 per cent increase in growth, a 35 per cent increase in feed conversion, and a 3.3 per cent increase in lean in the ham. Both dl-tryptophan and MYA separately increased growth and feed conversion and combined they had an even greater effect. The l-lysine increased feed conversion and lean in the ham. The l-lysine also increased growth rates on the dl-tryptophan supplemented diets, but this effect was not significant (P>0.05).

A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 7. The value of meat meal as a potein supplement to barley, oats, sorghum and wheat based diets

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham ◽  
MB Manson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Meat Meal

The comparative value of meat meal as a protein supplement to barley, oats, sorghum, and wheat-based diets was investigated for pigs during the 18-45 kg growth phase. Diets were offered at the rate of 129 kcal digestible energy and 7 g crude protein per kg liveweight per day. Two methods of estimating digestible energy in the diets were also examined. The major differences recorded (Pt0.05) were : Growth rates-Wheat barley and sorghum, oats and barley sorghum. Feed conversion ratios-Wheat barley: oats and sorghum. Protein efficiency ratios-Wheat and oats barley sorghum. Lean in ham-Oats and barley sorghum and wheat. When the magnitude of all differences was considered the results indicated that the protein quality of the sorghum-meat meal diet was lower than that of the other three diets. The correlation between digestible energy values estimated by two methods (energy in feed X dry matter digestibility) and (energy in feed-energy in faeces/feed intake) was significant (r = 0.98)

A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 2. The effect of level of meat meal or meat and bone meal in wheat-based diets

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (39) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham ◽  
JM Holder
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Large White ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

Wheat based diets containing 10, 20, or 30 per cent of meat meal or meat and bone meal were fed at a daily rate of 3.5 per cent of liveweight to Large White pigs in the 40-160 lb liveweight range. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility and nitrogen retention were determined on pigs fed the meat and bone meal diets. Increasing the inclusion level of both meat meal and meat and bone meal from 10 to 20 per cent significantly increased the lean content of the ham and tended to improve daily gain and feed conversion. Including meat and bone meal at 30 per cent of the diet resulted in a significant depression of growth rate and feed conversion efficiency between 40 and 160 lb liveweight. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of the diets containing meat and bone meal decreased as the level of meal increased. Nitrogen retention appeared to be greatest at the 20 per cent level.

Protein quality studies. 1. A comparison of meat and bone meal and fish meal-skim milk powder as sources of supplementary protein for growing pigs

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Wilson ◽  
JM Holder
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

Pig performance was compared on wheat based diets supplemented by two levels of either meat and bone meal or fish meal plus skim milk powder. The dry matter digestibility and nitrogen retention on these diets were determined and the effect of adding zinc to diets containing meat and bone meal was examined. At the higher level, fish meal plus skim milk powder produced greater daily gains between 60-160 lb than the meat and bone meal, but feed conversion and carcase lean were not affected. At the lower level, fish meal plus skim milk powder produced leaner carcases and greater daily gains between 60-160 lb than the meat and bone meal supplement, but had no effect on feed conversion. Between 60-100 lb, feed conversion was affected by level but not by supplement, and the higher level of fish meal plus skim milk powder produced greater daily gains than all other diets. The higher levels of each supplement produced greater nitrogen retentions and leaner carcases than the lower levels. Dry matter digestibility was least on the higher level meat and bone meal. Zinc supplements had no effect on performance.

A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 3. The effects of amino acid, copper and vitamin B supplements

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Large White ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Meat Meal

A series of experiments measured the effect of amino acid, copper, and vitamin B supplementation of 80 : 20 wheat--meat meal or wheat-meat and bone meal diets for Large White pigs during the growth phase between 18 and 45 kg liveweight. Diets were fed under a restricted feeding system. The addition of l-lysine to the diet increased nitrogen retention, liveweight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and lean content of the ham in experiment 1, and increased liveweight gain and feed conversion efficiency in experiment 2. No response to a lower level of l-lysine was obtained in a third experiment. There was no apparent effect of supplementary dl-methionine, either alone, or in combination with 1-lysine. A 21-fold increase in liver copper levels occurred in pigs supplemented with 250 p.p.m. copper, but no apparent effect on liveweight gain, feed conversion efficiency, or lean in the ham was detected. There was no apparent effect of a supplement containing riboflavin, pantothenic acid, and nicotinic acid on liveweight gain, feed conversion efficiency, or lean content of the ham.

A note on the effect of sudden changes in the composition of the diet of growing pigs

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-317
Author(s):  
R. M. Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Per Se

SUMMARYTwo diets, one based on barley and white-fish meal and the other on oats, wheat and meat and bone meal, with similar concentrations of digestible energy, crude protein, lysine and methionine+cystine were used to investigate the effects of sudden changes in the composition of the diet on the performance of pigs growing from 32 kg live weight, over a period of 77 days.The diets were given separately, alternated weekly with sudden changes from one diet to the other, or as a 1:1 mixture.Changes in diet per se had insignificant effects on performance.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary crude protein content on apparent and true ileal nitrogen and amino acid digestibilities

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Donkoh ◽  
P. J. Moughan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Protein Level

The effect of dietary protein content (25, 60, 95, 130, 165 and 200 g crude protein (N × 6.25)/kg diet) on the apparent and true ileal digestibilities of N and amino acids in meat-and-bone meal given to the growing rat was investigated. Semi-synthetic diets in which meat-and-bone meal was the sole protein source were given to 180 g body-weight rats for 14 d. On the fourteenth day the rats were fed and then killed 4 h after the start of feeding and digesta were sampled from the terminal 200 mm ileum. Endogenous amino acid excretion was determined for eighteen rats given an enzymically hydrolysed casein (EHC)-based diet and with subsequent treatment of the digesta using ultrafiltration. The EHC-fed rats were killed 3 h after the start of feeding and digesta were collected from the terminal 200 mm ileum. True ileal digestibility values determined with reference to Cr as a marker were higher than the corresponding apparent estimates. Apparent digestibility values of N and amino acids increased significantly (P < 0.001) with increasing dietary protein level; however, dietary protein content had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the true ileal digestibilities of N and amino acids. The mean apparent ileal digestibility of N in meat-and-bone meal ranged from 65.6 to 75.3%. The corresponding range for the true ileal digestibility of N was 76.9 to 78.2%. True ileal digestibility, unlike apparent digestibility, appears to be independent of dietary protein level and may allow feed ingredients to be compared accurately even if they are ingested in different quantities.

scholarly journals Comparison of different protein evaluation systems for growing pigs: Digestible crude protein, and total, faecal digestible and ileal digestible amino acid intakes as performance response predictors

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-437
Author(s):  
Jarmo Valaja
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Response Predictors ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Better Than

The validity of apparent faecal digestible crude protein and total, apparent faecal or ileal digestible amino acid intakes (lysine, threonine and methionine) as animal performance predictors was evaluated on the basis of digestibility coefficients obtained from the literature and performance and carcass parameter data from five different experiments on growing pigs. Correlations and regression equations were calculated between daily digestible crude protein or amino acid intakes and the performance and carcass parameters of the pigs. No connection was found between digestible crude protein intake and the performance of the pigs. The correlations were highest between different lysine intakes and daily gain (DG) (r = 0.808-0.867, p < 0.001). Ileal digestible lysine intake correlated with the performance of the pigs better than did intakes of total or faecal digestible lysine. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05), and the thickness of back (BF) (p < 0.001) and side fat (SF) (p < 0.001) correlated highly with ileal digestible lysine intake. The correlations between these parameters and total or faecal digestible lysine intakes were lower but also significant (total lysine: BF p < 0.001, SF p < 0.01 and faecal digestible lysine: BF p < 0.01, SF p < 0.05). The regression equations agreed well with the coefficients of correlation. Ileal digestible lysine intake explained changes of performance and carcass parameters better than did intakes of total and faecal digestible lysine. The study confirms the advantage of using ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids for detecting differences in the supply of amino acids from different feeds.

Replacement of meat and bone meal with whale meal or whale solubles in pig diets and the accumulation of mercury in the carcase

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (86) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
NW Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Dietary Concentration ◽  
Health Standards

The effects of replacing all or part of the protein supplied by meat and bone meal with whale meal or whale solubles were studied in four experiments with growing pigs fed diets based on wheat and barley. The growth rate and feed conversion efficiency of pigs receiving whale meal were equal to those fed meat and bone meal, whereas the performance of pigs fed whale solubles was inferior. Both whale meal and whale solubles contained mercury which accumulated in the tissues of growing pigs. The level of mercury accumulated was related to the dietary concentration and type of whale product, the period of time during which it was fed, and the type of carcase tissue. Whale meal contained more mercury than whale solubles and produced higher concentrations of mercury in the tissues. The levels of mercury in the tissues of pigs at 45 kg liveweight were lower than those of pigs at 80-85 kg liveweight. When the diets included more than 1 per cent whalemeal or 3 per cent whale solubles, the carcases contained more mercury than is tolerated by the health standards.

A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 5. Effect of rate of feeding on growth promoting ability of meat meal and meat and bone meal and the relationship between pig and rat responses

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
ES Batterham
Keyword(s):  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Similar Growth

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of rate of feeding on the differences in growth promoting ability of wheat-based diets containing meat meal or meat and bone meal as the sole protein supplement for pigs. The value of laboratory rats in assessing diet quality for pigs was also investigated. There was no difference in the growth promoting abilities of diets containing MM or MBM under restricted feeding but under ad lib. feeding variation between the diets occurred. Rat responses to the dietary treatments were inconsistent with the pig responses. The results confirmed previous findings that under restricted feeding meat meals and meat and bone meals had similar growth promoting abilities for pigs.

229 Amino acid digestibility in six sources of meat and bone meal fed to growing pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. 108-108
Author(s):  
D. M. D. L. Navarro ◽  
N. W. Jaworski ◽  
H. H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal
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