Gender differences in doublecortin expression in the dentate gyrus of the Wistar rat during development

Objectives: Neurogenesis is the formation process of functional neurons from progenitor cells which continues during lifetime. Alterations in neurogenesis is associated with neurodegenerative disorders (ND). Different mechanisms underlie the ND in males and females which may be related to neurogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the developmental process of neurogenesis in the hippocampus of male and female rats at different ages and shed light on the effect of gender difference on ND. Methods: Brains were obtained from 7, 14, 21 days and 3-month-old male and female Wistar rats following intracardiac perfusion and processed for immunohistochemical and immunoflorescence staining. Doublecortin protein (DCX) was used as a marker of newly-born neuroblasts to determine neurogenesis. Results: DCX immunoreactive (-ir) cells were dispersed throughout the granular and subgranular layers of DG in 7-days-old group in both genders. However, in the 14 and 21 days old groups, DCX-ir cells were observed only in the subgranular zone in the sections labelled with both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoflourescent (IF) methods. In all age groups, female rats had a tendency to increase in DCX immunoreactivity when compared to that of male Wistar rats. Conclusion: DCX-ir cells may be localized in different parts of DG during development. The number of newly born neurons showed a tendency to increase in female rats in all groups. Further studies are needed to understand the reason for differences in the normal developmental neurogenesis process between two genders.

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An analysis of the course of infection of Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala) in rats

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000045583 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 517-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

D. W. T. Crompton ◽

D. E. Walters

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Male And Female ◽

Oral Infections ◽

The Third ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

Average Recovery Rate ◽

Marked Decline

An analysis of the course of infection of mixed oral infections of 12 cystacanths of Moniliformis dubius in 174 male and 179 female Wistar rats has been undertaken.There was a marked decline in the average recovery rate of worms of both sexes from hosts of both sexes during the course of the infection.Female worms from both male and female rats showed, on average, a greater power of survival than male worms from the third period (10–13 weeks) onwards.Male rats were found to retain, on average, a greater number of worms of both sexes than female rats.We wish to thank Miss Susan Arnold and Mr David Barnard for excellent technical help.

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Tolerance to hypothermic and antinoceptive effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vapor inhalation in rats

10.1101/172759 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jacques D. Nguyen ◽

Yanabel Grant ◽

Tony M. Kerr ◽

Arnold Gutierrez ◽

Maury Cole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Propylene Glycol ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Preclinical Studies ◽

Male And Female ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Antinociceptive Effects ◽

Female Wistar Rats

AbstractRationaleA reduced effect of a given dose of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) emerges with repeated exposure to the drug. This tolerance can vary depending on THC dose, exposure chronicity and the behavioral or physiological measure of interest. A novel THC inhalation system based on e-cigarette technology has been recently shown to produce the hypothermic and antinociceptive effects of THC in rats.ObjectiveTo determine if tolerance to these effects can be produced with repeated vapor inhalation.MethodsGroups of male and female Wistar rats were exposed to 30 minutes of inhalation of the propylene glycol (PG) vehicle or THC (200 mg/mL in PG) two or three times per day for four days. Rectal temperature changes and nociception were assessed after the first exposure on the first and fourth days of repeated inhalation.ResultsFemale, but not male, rats developed tolerance to the hypothermic and antinociceptive effects of THC after four days of twice-daily THC vapor inhalation. Thrice daily inhalation for four days resulted in tolerance in both male and female rats. The plasma THC levels reached after a 30 minute inhalation session did not differ between the male and female rats.ConclusionsRepeated daily THC inhalation induces tolerance in female and male rats, providing further validation of the vapor inhalation method for preclinical studies.AbbreviationsPG, propylene glycol; THC; Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol;

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A Preliminary 13-Week Oral Toxicity Study of Ginger Oil in Male and Female Wistar Rats

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1177/1091581811419023 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 662-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Kottarapat Jeena ◽

Vijayastelter B. Liju ◽

Ramadasan Kuttan

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Female Rats ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Male And Female ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Adverse Effect Level ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

Effect Level

Zingiber officinale Roscoe, ginger, is a major spice extensively used in traditional medicine. The toxicity profile of ginger oil was studied by subchronic oral administration for 13 weeks at doses of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg per day to 6 groups of Wistar rats (5/sex per dose). Separate groups of rats (5/sex per group) received either paraffin oil (vehicle) or were untreated and served as comparative control groups. There was no mortality and no decrease in body weight or food consumption as well as selective organ weights during the study period. Administration of ginger oil to rats did not produce any treatment-related changes in hematological parameters, hepatic, renal functions, serum electrolytes, or in histopathology of selected organs. The major component of ginger oil was found to be zingiberene (31.08%), and initial studies indicated the presence of zingiberene in the serum after oral dosing. These results confirmed that ginger oil is not toxic to male and female rats following subchronic oral administrations of up to 500 mg/kg per day (no observed adverse effect level [NOAEL]).

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Faecal corticosterone metabolite assessment in socially housed male and female Wistar rats

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-17-0338 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 250-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Carlo Cinque ◽

Manuela Zinni ◽

Anna Rita Zuena ◽

Chiara Giuli ◽

Sebastiano G Alemà ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Environmental Enrichment ◽

Female Rats ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Male And Female ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

Invasive Method ◽

Free Ranging ◽

Clinical Experiments

Knowledge of animals’ hormonal status is important for conservation studies in wild or semi-free-ranging conditions as well as for behavioural and clinical experiments conducted in laboratory research, mostly performed on rats and mice. Faecal sampling is a useful non-invasive method to obtain steroid hormone assessments. Nevertheless, in laboratory studies, unlike other contexts, faecal sampling is less utilised. One of the issues raised is the necessity to collect samples belonging to different animals, separately. Usually, researchers using faecal sampling solve this problem through the isolation of animals or taking the cage rather than single animal as unit of study. These solutions though, could lead to unreliable measurements, and cannot be applied in many studies. Our aim was to show the biological reliability of individual faecal corticosterone metabolite (FCM) assessments in socially housed male and female Wistar rats. We analytically validated the enzyme immunoassay kit used for FCM assessments. Then, we exposed the animals to two different stress stimuli that are known to activate the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis and the following release of corticosterone to biologically validate the EIA kit: environmental enrichment and predator odour. Individual faecal sampling from social animals was collected through short-time handling. The results demonstrated that both the stimuli increased FCM levels in male and female rats showing the reliability of EIA kit assessment and the applicability of our sampling method. We also found a diurnal rhythm in FCM levels. These results could help to increase the use of faecal hormone metabolite determinations in studies conducted on rats.

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Gender difference in bioassayable endothelium-derived nitric oxide from isolated rat aortae

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1994.267.6.h2311 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 267 (6) ◽

pp. H2311-H2317 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

K. Kauser ◽

G. M. Rubanyi

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Isometric Tension ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Intact Female ◽

Male And Female ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

Endothelium Dependent Relaxation

Gender differences in the production/release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) was assessed by determining the ability of intact endothelium to suppress serotonin- (10(-7)-10(-5) M) and phenylephrine-induced (10(-9)-(10(-5) M) contractions in thoracic aortae isolated from male and female Wistar rats mounted in organ chambers for isometric tension recording or tested in bioassay experiments. The endothelium suppressed these contractions significantly more in aortae from female than from male rats. In the bioassay, the perfusate from intact female thoracic aortic segments produced a significantly greater relaxation of the detector rings than that from the aortae isolated from male rats. Acetylcholine (10(-9)-10(-5) M), used to investigate agonist-induced release of EDNO, evoked significantly greater endothelium-dependent relaxation in aortae from female rats. The unstimulated release of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 from intact thoracic aortic rings from male and female rats was not significantly different. There was no difference in smooth muscle reactivity to sodium nitroprusside (10(-10)-10(-6) M) in rings without endothelium. These results indicate that EDNO production/release is higher in thoracic aortae isolated from female rats.

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INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETES ON REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES (FOLLICLE STIMULATING, LUTEINIZING AND PROLACTIN), LIPID PROFILE AND SERUM ELECTROLYTES IN MALE AND FEMALE WISTAR RATS

African Journal of Science and Nature ◽

10.46881/ajsn.v7i0.155 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Bukonla Oluyemisi Adegbesan ◽

Olugbenga Owolabi Ogunlabi ◽

Temtope Abigail Fasanya ◽

Ayodeji Adebayo Adelegan ◽

Emmanuel Oladipupo Ajani

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Reproductive Hormones ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male And Female ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Type1 Diabetes ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

The Impact ◽

Female Subjects

Human patients with Type1 diabetes and inadequate metabolic control have been found to exhibit a high prevalence of infertility but the exact mechanism by which this happens has not been fully elucidated. Alterations in the levels of lipids and electrolytes are considered to be good indications of some certain diseases including diabetes. This study aims at elucidating the impact of diabetes on the reproductive functions of male and female subjects as well as the responses of lipid profile which could be a determining factor affecting diabetic condition, to Alloxan-induced diabetes using male and female Wistar rats. To explore this, various hormonal assays assessing reproductive hormones such as Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); Luteinizing hormone (LH); Prolactin hormone (PRL); lipid profile analyses and electrolytes measurements were employed. Our results showed that diabetes induce significant reduction in the levels of FSH and LH in both male and female rats (p<0.0001); significant reduction in the levels of LH in male (p<0.01) and female (p<0.0001); significant increase in the levels of prolactin (PRL) in male (p<0.05) and female (p<0.0001) ; significant increases in cholesterol levels in both male and female rats (p<0.01), an indication that diabetes is accompanied in most cases by hypercholesterolemia and triglycerides levels in both male (p<0.01) and female (p<0.0005) rats when compared to the control rats. The results obtained in this study shed more light on the mechanism by which fertility in male and female subjects is affected by diabetes and suggest possible mechanisms by which infertility could result from diabetes.

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Coronary Artery and Myocardium Injuries Induced by a High Cholesterol and Fructose Diet in Growing Male and Female Wistar Rats

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2021.0012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Lynda AÏNOUZ ◽

Mohamed ZAOUANI ◽

Hayat REMICHI ◽

Sofiane BOUDJELLABA ◽

Kahina CHABANE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Standard Diet ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

Male And Female ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Female Wistar Rats

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) are mainly consequent of atherosclerosis. Men develop CVD at a young age, this risk increases in women at an older age. Several studies have been carried out on male rats, but experiments on growing rats especially female are rare. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a high cholesterol and high fructose diet on the coronary artery and myocardium in growing male and female rats Young Wistar rats were divided into control groups fed a standard diet, cholesterol groups supplemented with 3% cholesterol (ChD), and cholesterol-fructose groups supplemented with 3% cholesterol and 15% fructose (ChFrD) for 14 weeks. Each group consists of male (n=6) and female (n=6) rats. We found, in comparison with corresponding controls rats, that both ChD and ChFrD diets caused a significant hyperglycemia and dyslipidaemia. In hearts supernatants, we highlighted increases of total lipids, malondialdehyde and Catalase assays. The histopathological examination showed a disorganization of the myocardial structure, arterial walls damage and endothelium injuries. Our study showed that ChD and ChFrD diets, caused weight, biochemical, oxidative and tissue disturbances that could lead to CVD in both young male and female Wistar rats even during the growing period.

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GONADOTROPHIN PATTERNS IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS:

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0580600 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 600-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert Boyd ◽

Donald C. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Testosterone Propionate ◽

Female Rats ◽

Female Rat ◽

Feedback Effects ◽

Male And Female ◽

Prostate Weight ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Males And Females ◽

Normal Males

ABSTRACT The effects of various doses of testosterone propionate (TP) upon the release of luteinizing hormone (LH or ICSH) from the hypophysis of a gonadectomized male or female rat were compared. Prostate weight in hypophysectomized male parabiotic partners was used to evaluate the quantity of circulating LH. Hypophyseal LH was measured by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method. Males castrated when 45 days old secreted significantly more LH and had three times the amount of pituitary LH as ovariectomized females. Administration of 25 μg TP daily reduced the amount of LH in the plasma, and increased the amount in the pituitary gland, in both sexes. Treatment with 50 μg caused a further reduction in plasma LH in males, but not in females, while pituitary levels in both were equal to that of their respective controls. LH fell to the same low level in partners of males or females receiving 100 μg TP. When gonadectomized at 39 days, males and females had the same amount of plasma LH, but males had more stored hormone. Pituitary levels were unchanged from controls following treatment with 12.5, 25 or 50 μg TP daily, but plasma values dropped an equal amount in both sexes with the latter two doses. Androgenized males or females, gonadectomized when 39 days old, were very sensitive to the effects of TP and plasma LH was significantly reduced with 12.5 μg daily. Pituitary LH in androgenized males was higher than that of normal males but was reduced to normal by small amounts of TP. The amount of stored LH in androgenized females was not different from that of normal females and it was unchanged by any dose of TP tested. Results are consistent with the conclusion that the male hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis is at least as sensitive as the female axis to the negative feedback effects of TP. Androgenization increases the sensitivity to TP in both males and females.

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Stem cell treatment improves post stroke neurological outcomes: a comparative study in male and female rats

Stroke and Vascular Neurology ◽

10.1136/svn-2020-000834 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. svn-2020-000834

Author(s):

Koteswara Rao Nalamolu ◽

Bharath Chelluboina ◽

Casimir A Fornal ◽

Siva Reddy Challa ◽

David M Pinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Motor Function ◽

Infarct Volume ◽

Female Rats ◽

Human Umbilical Cord ◽

Male And Female ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Males And Females

Background and purposeThe therapeutic potential of different stem cells for ischaemic stroke treatment is intriguing and somewhat controversial. Recent results from our laboratory have demonstrated the potential benefits of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in a rodent stroke model. We hypothesised that MSC treatment would effectively promote the recovery of sensory and motor function in both males and females, despite any apparent sex differences in post stroke brain injury.MethodsTransient focal cerebral ischaemia was induced in adult Sprague-Dawley rats by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Following the procedure, male and female rats of the untreated group were euthanised 1 day after reperfusion and their brains were used to estimate the resulting infarct volume and tissue swelling. Additional groups of stroke-induced male and female rats were treated with MSC or vehicle and were subsequently subjected to a battery of standard neurological/neurobehavioral tests (Modified Neurological Severity Score assessment, adhesive tape removal, beam walk and rotarod). The tests were administered at regular intervals (at days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14) after reperfusion to determine the time course of neurological and functional recovery after stroke.ResultsThe infarct volume and extent of swelling of the ischaemic brain were similar in males and females. Despite similar pathological stroke lesions, the clinical manifestations of stroke were more pronounced in males than females, as indicated by the neurological scores and other tests. MSC treatment significantly improved the recovery of sensory and motor function in both sexes, and it demonstrated efficacy in both moderate stroke (females) and severe stroke (males).ConclusionsDespite sex differences in the severity of post stroke outcomes, MSC treatment promoted the recovery of sensory and motor function in male and female rats, suggesting that it may be a promising treatment for stroke.

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Hydration with Mannitol and Dextrose May Promote Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Test of Five Protocols of Hydration during Cisplatin Therapy in Rat Models

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2021/5547341 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Mohammad-Sedigh Khosravi ◽

Alireza Samimiat ◽

Bahar Mazaheri ◽

Farzaneh Ashrafi ◽

Ardeshir Talebi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Therapy ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Male And Female ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

Solid Tumor Therapy ◽

Cisplatin Therapy

Backgrounds. Cisplatin (CP) still is a novel choice for solid tumor therapy, but it is accompanied with the side effect of nephrotoxicity. Hydration may reduce the risk of CP-induced nephrotoxicity, while the issue is still challenging. In this study, five types of hydration protocols including saline, mannitol, dextrose saline, saline plus furosemide, and saline plus mannitol were examined in both sexes of rats during CP therapy. Methods. Seventy-six male and female Wistar rats in 14 groups of experiments were subjected to CP therapy, and five types of hydration protocols were implemented, and the induced nephrotoxicity was evaluated via biochemical markers, kidney function parameters, and pathology investigation. Results. Male and female rats had different responses to hydration protocol types. The higher mortality rate was seen in female rats that received mannitol or dextrose hydration types. In addition, the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) and sodium excretion fraction (ENa%) increased and the clearance of Cr (ClCr) decreased significantly ( P < 0.05 ) in female rats hydrated with saline plus furosemide or mannitol plus saline-treated groups. The worsened condition in male rats is observed in the mannitol hydration group with a significant decrease of ClCr and significant increase of serum BUN and Cr and ENa% ( P < 0.05 ). The higher kidney tissue damage score (KTDS) in the mentioned groups verified the findings. Conclusion. Hydration with mannitol or dextrose promotes the risk of nephrotoxicity during CP therapy with more intensity on the female.

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