scholarly journals TANGGUNG JAWAB MUTLAK DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyronimus Rhiti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Environmental Disputes

ABSTRACTStrict Liability is a principle in the settlement of environmental disputes. The dispute caused by environmental pollution or destruction. The principle is contained in the Act No. 32 of 2009 on the Protection and Management of the Environment. This principle raises issues in terms of its application. Nevertheless, strict liability is important in protecting all victims of environmental pollution or destruction.Keywords: strict liability, environmental pollution, environmental disputeINTISARITanggung jawab mutlak adalah sebuah prinsip dalam penyelesaian sengketalingkungan, khususnya sengketa karena pencemaran dan perusakan lingkungan. Prinsip ini terdapat dalam Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Meskipun ada dalam undang-undang tersebut, prinsip ini menimbulkan persoalan dalam hal penerapannya. Meskipun demikian, strict liability penting dalam hal perlindungan semua korban pencemaran atau perusakan lingkungan hidup.Kata kunci: tanggung jawab mutlak, pencemaran lingkungan, sengketa lingkungan

scholarly journals Hak Mengajukan Gugatan dalam Sengketa Lingkungan Hidup

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Muzakkir Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Business People ◽  
Environmental Disputes ◽  
Civil Lawsuit ◽  
Legal Standing ◽  
The Government ◽  
Citizen Suits

Penelitian ini ingin menjawab keberadaan pihak-pihak yang dapat mengajukan gugatan ke pengadilan apabila terjadinya  kerugian akibat perbuatan melawan hukum dalam lingkungan hidup. Perbuatan melawan hukum yang menimbulkan kerugian akibat pencemaran atau perusakan lingkungan yang dilakukan oleh pengusaha atau penanggungjawab usaha dan/atau perusakan lingkungan hidup. Penyelesaian sengketa lingkungan hidup melalui pengadilan dapat dilakukan melalui gugatan perdata biasa yang diajukan oleh pihak korban atau  anggota masyarakat biasa yang mengalami kerugian. Dengan melakukan studi dokumen, ditemukan bahwa dengan berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 telah memberikan kesempatan untuk mengajukan gugatan melalui legal standing/LSM, prosedur class action  atau melalui citizen suit yang merupakan hak gugat tanpa adanya kepentingan hukum. Pemerintah atau Pemerintah Daerah sebagai penanggung jawab di bidang lingkungan hidup juga dapat mengajukan gugatan terhadap pelaku pencemaran dan/ atau perusakan lingkungan hidup untuk kepentingan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Right to Submit a Law in the Environmental Disputes This study wants to answer the existence of parties who can file a lawsuit to the court if there is an unlawful act that results in a loss to the environment. Unlawful acts that cause losses due to pollution or environmental damage carried out by employers or business people responsible for and/or environmental damage. Settlement of environmental disputes through a court can be carried out through civil lawsuit filed by victims or community who suffer losses. By conducting document studies, it was found that with the enactment of Law No. 32 of 2009, it has provided an opportunity to file a lawsuit through legal standing, class action or through citizen suits which constitute a claim right without any legal interest. The Government or Regional Government as the person in charge of the environmental sector can also file a lawsuit against the perpetrators of environmental pollution and/or damage for the benefit and welfare of the community.

scholarly journals PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI (PT) ATAS TINDAK PIDANA PERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
Erni Juniria Harefa ◽  
Pondang Hasibuan ◽  
Sahat Benny Risman Girsang ◽  
Herlina Manullang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Responsible Corporate Officer ◽  
Corporate Criminal Liability ◽  
Environmental Crimes

The occurrence of environmental crimes in the form of environmental pollution and/or destruction, mostly carried out in the context of running an economic business, and is also the attitude of the authorities and entrepreneurs who do not carry out or neglect their obligations in environmental management. Environmental pollution and/or destruction continues to increase in line with the increase in industrial activities or the like, of course the environment needs legal protection. Article 116 of the Environmental Protection and Management Law (UUPPLH), makes the concept of corporate criminal responsibility and corporate management (directors, managerswho are responsible for managing the company's environment, can even be asked to shareholders and commissioners) together, in the event that the activities and/or business of the corporation cause environmental pollution and/or destruction. On the other hand, the accountability of the directors/management of the corporation is also needed because there is a possibility that the sanctions imposed on the corporation will not affect the lives of the leaders/management of the corporation.The method used in this thesis research is normative juridical research using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. This study uses library research techniques, which are then analyzed qualitatively. Based on the results of the study, that corporate criminal liability in Article 116 paragraph (1) UUPPLH is based on the identification of Theory and Vicarious Liability. Meanwhile, the director's criminal responsibility as an individual for criminal acts of environmental destruction occurs as long as the director has the authority to prevent violations or to improve the situation. Meanwhile, the criminal responsibility of the director representing the PT organ for environmental crimes can be identified based on the Responsible Corporate Officer Doctrine (RCO) and Strict Liability, because his position in the company has an obligation to take action to ensure that the violation will not occur as stipulated in Article 116 and 117 UUPPLH.

scholarly journals THE USE OF HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS TO PROTECT THE VICTIMS OF LAND FIRE IN INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Achmad Romsan ◽  
Akhmad Idris ◽  
Mada Apriandi Zuhir ◽  
Meria Utama
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
District Court ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Environmental Disputes ◽  
The People ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Environmental Human Rights

<p>During the long and dry season, land fire which cause smog haze pollution, is a common phenomenon in Indonesia. Although the practice of slash and burn cultivation has no longer in existence after the promulgation of the 1974 Law No. 5 on the Village Government which abolished the <em>Marga</em> Government. Nevertheless, that tradition remained continued practiced by the workers hired by the big palm plantation companies and industries when they open the land to start their activities. it is very surprising that the above practice has resurfaced in the midst of a long dry season that is happening in Indonesia, especially in South Sumatra. Smog and haze resulting from land fire create health problems for the people in South Sumatra, especially in the area where smog and haze located. There are legal instruments as the foundation to claim the healthy environmental rights, the Indonesian Constitution of 1945, The 1999 Law No. 39 on Human Rights and the 2009 Law No. 32 on the Environmental Protection of and the Environmental Management. Herein, the smog and haze pollution are seen to violate the people’s human rights. Unfortunately, the use of human rights law instruments has never been done in Indonesia. Notwithstanding, many community environmental disputes are brought to the District Court rather than to the Indonesian Commission of Human Rights (KOMNAS HAM) for further study.  As a result, the legal instruments above di not fully protect the victims of environmental pollution. This paper suggests the use of human rights provisions as the basis for prosecution for community environmental-human rights related disputes. For that, a comparative study to the practice of the European Human Rights Court will be of beneficial for Indonesia in protecting the people environmental human rights.  In Indonesia the people’s right to a good and healthy environment is constitutional rights and legal rights for it is protected in the Human Rights Law of 1999 No. 39 and Environmental Law of 2009 No. 32. To that end, the human rights approach to the prosecution of environmental disputes are possible because of environmental pollution disturb the enjoyment of human rights.</p>

scholarly journals Strict Liability in Environmental Dispute Responsibility Before and After the Enabling of Omnibus Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Zahranissa Putri Faizal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Environmental Disputes ◽  
Environmental Dispute ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government

With the limitation of the principle of fault-based liability, which is not effective in the implementation of the responsibility for activities with high risk, Law No. 23 of 1997 concerning Environmental Management and Law no. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management which adheres to the principle of absolute responsibility or strict liability. The regulation regarding the principle of strict liability is clarified in Article 88 of Law no. 32 of 2009 (UU PLH). However, with the passing of the Omnibus Law, which changed Article 88 of Law no. 32 of 2009 becomes article 88 of the Omnibus Law, which eliminates the principle of strict liability. This writing uses a normative approach, a statutory approach. The data analysis used is a qualitative analysis. The elimination of strict liability in resolving environmental disputes is considered a shift, which in the provisions of Article 88 of the Job Creation Law seems to provide an opportunity for corporations to pollute the environment without firm accountability. The government seems to protect the sustainability of a corporation more than the interests of the community. The type of research used in this study is using normative legal research methods using a statutory approach and literature study.

scholarly journals The Legal Review of Petroleum Spill Case (Pertamina Oil Spill in Kalimantan)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Birkah Latif ◽  
Ade Kurniawan ◽  
Iyas Manggala Ayubi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Spilled Oil

At the end of March 2018, there was an accident in the sea of Kalimantan-Balikpapan where a Panamanian-flagged vessel caused a leak over the oil pipeline. The pipeline connects the Crude Lawe-lawe Terminal to Pertamina's Balikpapan Plant. As a result, spilled oil is estimated at 40,000 barrels and resulted in five deaths.  The aim of this study is to examine the regulation on environmental protection, especially on the oil and gas natural resources and what form the accountability of the oil spill on the shore. This paper is structured using a normative juridical approach to seek solutions to legal issues arising from such environmental cases. The study shows that the use of natural resources, which produce metals, coal, and minerals as a source of energy, oil and geothermal, should be based on the principles of environmental management, namely: equity, balances, democracy (democracy), and sustainability (sustainable) between generations. In terms of accountability both in civil liability, criminal, and an environment in accordance with the principle of direct liability (strict liability) with the occurrence of environmental pollution caused by the oil spill so legally PT Pertamina Regional East Kalimantan may be subject to the principle.

The difficulties of environmental responsibility and ways of settling their international disputes: الصعوبات التي تواجه المسؤولية البيئية وطرق تسوية نزاعاتها الدولية

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami El Tayeb Idris Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Legal Representation ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Environmental Disputes ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

This paper dealt with procedural and substantive difficulties faced by environmental responsibility and how to overcome them, in addition to resolving environmental disputes ways. The study relied to collect and extract information from the main sources as references and basic books, research and scientific papers, lectures, and some national legislation and then take advantage of this information to come to the results of scientific value. This study was to identify the problems facing environmental responsibility, the study responded to a query search in terms of the nature of those problems and how to overcome them, where the researcher found during the study to several conclusions, perhaps the most notable: Approval of jurisprudence inadequacy tort techniques in its traditional form to overcome environmental protection problems. There are still difficulties in determining the basis of liability for environmental damage for being the place of doctrinal disputes have not been resolved conclusively because of the special nature of the environmental damage. The difficulty of self-responsibility in the field of environmental protection not only domestically but also just appeared on the international level. The financial compensation arranged by the environmental damage has not received wide acceptance in the field of environmental protection. The nature of international relations in the light of regional and international blocs, making negotiations more vital roads and palatable to solve environmental disputes. Based on these findings the study found several      recommendations, perhaps the most important: the adoption of the application of all legal techniques to sort of responsibility in the field of environmental protection. Give environmental associations the right to legal representation to curb attacks on the environment. Oblige all industrial enterprises to take environmental measures. Develop the concept of diplomatic protection and international direct responsibility procedural rules relating to the settlement of environmental disputes in addition to the application of the theory of strict liability. To work on activating the consultative role of the International Court of Justice in resolving environmental disputes.

scholarly journals The Application of the Strict Liability Principle in The Indemnity Laws for Livelihoods in Indonesia; Analysis of The Supreme Court’s Decision Number 1794K/PDT/G/2004

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Tholabi Kharlie
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
Laws And Regulations

AbstractThis study is applied a descriptive-normative method which used to explain, describe, and analyze a particular event that is a proceeding submitted by the plaintiff against environmental pollution and damage, namely landslides on Mount Mandalawangi, using the concept of illegal acts The results of this study are: First, the compensation applied in the case of the Mount Mandalawangi landslide is based on the strict liability principle. The implication of the theory stated that the injured complainant is not required to prove the mistakes made by the defendant. Even if the defendant can prove that he is blameless, but there is a clear and proven impact of the loss in court, the defendant still obliged to pay for the compensation. Secondly, the Supreme Court's cassation decision is in accordance with the provisions of the prevailing laws and regulations in Indonesia, especially in the case of illegal acts, both confirmed in Article 1365 of the Civil Code (KUHPer) or regulated in the Protection Law and Environmental Management (UU-PPLH).Keywords: Environmental law, strict liability, claim for compensation, Supreme Court

scholarly journals PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP BERDASARKAN ASAS STRICT LIABILITY (STUDI KASUS PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN OLEH PT. RAYON UTAMA MAKMUR (RUM) KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Henny Yunita Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Mens Rea ◽  
Civil Lawsuit ◽  
Actus Reus ◽  
Relationship Of

<p>Abstract<br />Criminal act formulated in Environmental Protection Law Number 32 Year 2009 still contains an  element of error (mens rea) as the main element that must be proven. In the case of environmental criminal acts committed by corporations, it is difficult to prove the causal relationship of the element of error with the criminal law act (actus reus). The strict liability doctrine can be applied as a basis for corporate criminal responsibility that commits environmental crimes by revising criminal provisions in environmental law (UUPPLH) by removing mens rea element, because the current UUPPLH only provides a basis for implementing strict liability in settling disputes through courts with a civil lawsuit mechanism. The expansion of the principle of strict liability in criminal law will more effectively impose corporate criminal responsibility, including in this paper the case of environmental pollution by PT. Rayon Utama Makmur (RUM) Sukoharjo.<br /><br /></p><p>Abstrak<br />Perumusan tindak pidana dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan  dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup masih mengandung unsur kesalahan (mens rea) sebagai unsur pokok yang harus dibuktikan. Dalam kasus tindak pidana lingkungan yang dilakukan korporasi sulit untuk membuktikan hubungan kausal unsur kesalahan tersebut dengan perbuatan hukum pidana (actus reus). Doktrin strict liability dapat diterapkan sebagai dasar pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi yang melakukan tindak pidana lingkungan hidup dengan cara merevisi ketentuan pidana dalam hukum lingkungan (UUPPLH) dengan menghapus unsur kesalahan, karena UUPPLH saat ini hanya memberikan dasar penerapan strict liability dalam penyelesaian sengketa melalui pengadilan dengan mekanisme gugatan perdata. Perluasan asas strict liability dalam ranah pidana akan membebankan pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi secara lebih efektif, termasuk dalam makalah ini kasus pencemaran lingkungan oleh PT. Rayon Utama Makmur (RUM) Sukoharjo. <br /><br /></p>

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