scholarly journals Quality Improvement of Eutrophic Environments Degraded by Organic Matter, in Experiences Conducted in Sea-Water Microcosms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
M. Lenzi ◽  
M. Leopatti Persiano ◽  
M. Ciarapica

An experience in seawater microcosms was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the zeolite chabazite (CHA) in the mitigation of water eutrophication produced by sediments with high organic load. The experience was conducted in microcosms with addition and in the absence of effective microorganisms (EM). In the absence of EM, the ammonium abatement by CHA compared to the controls without CHA, was elevated only in the first week, while with the addition of EM, the abatement occurred for the entire experience (one month), although gradually reducing, as ammonia releases increased over time. Ammonium releases were 1.4 to 2.3 times lower in CHA microcosms compared to CHA-free controls and, among those in which CHA was present, they were lower in the presence of EM. Soluble orthophosphates also showed a reduction in microcosms with CHA, compared to the control microcosms, with a more marked results in the absence of EM, probably due to the formation of insoluble salts.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Osterholz ◽  
Christian Burmeister ◽  
Susanne Busch ◽  
Madleen Dierken ◽  
Helena C. Frazão ◽  
...  

Dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC, POC) and nitrogen (DON, PON) constitute essential nutrient and energy sources to heterotrophic microbes in aquatic systems. Especially in the shallow coastal ocean, the concentrations are highly variable on short timescales, and cycling is heavily affected by different sources and environmental drivers. We analyzed surface water organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations determined weekly from 2010 to 2020 in the nearshore southwestern Baltic Sea (Heiligendamm, Germany) in relation to physical, chemical and biological parameters available since 1988. Mixing of low-DOC North Sea water with high-DOC Baltic Sea water, as well as in situ primary production, were confirmed as the main drivers of organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations. Tight coupling between POC, PON, chlorophyll a and phytoplankton carbon with DON seasonal dynamics corroborated the close relationship between phytoplankton production and degradation of organic nutrients with preferential remineralization of nitrogen. Significant changes in air and water temperature, salinity, and inorganic nutrients over time indicated effects of climate change and improved water quality management in the eutrophic Baltic Sea. Bulk organic nutrient concentrations did not change over time, while the salinity-corrected fraction of the DOC increased by about 0.6 μmol L–1yr–1. Concurrently, chlorophyll a and Bacillariophyceae and Cryptophyceae carbon increased, denoting a potential link to primary productivity. The high variability of the shallow system exacerbates the detection of trends, but our results emphasize the value of these extended samplings to understand coupled biogeochemical cycling of organic matter fractions and to detect trends in these important carbon reservoirs.


2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreenivas Koka ◽  
Galya Raz

What does ‘value’ mean? In the context of dental care, it can be defined as the quality of care received by a patient divided by the cost to the patient of receiving that care. In other words: V =Q/C, where Q equals the quality improvement over time, which most patients view in the context of the outcome, the service provided and safety/risk management, and C equals the financial, biological and time cost to the patient. Here, the need for, and implications of, value-based density for clinicians and patients alike are explored.


Author(s):  
Katie Kehoe ◽  
Sherry Shultz ◽  
Fran Fiocchi ◽  
Qiong Li ◽  
Thomas Shields ◽  
...  

Title: Quality Improvement in the Outpatient Setting: Observations from the PINNACLE Registry® 2009 Q4-2013 Q1 Authors: Katie Kehoe BSN, MS 1 ; Sherry Shultz RN, BSN, CIO 2 ; Fran Fiocchi MPH 1 ; Qiong Li PhD 1 ; Thomas Shields 1 ; Charlie Devlin MD FACC, FACP, FASNC 2 ; Nathan T Glusenkamp, MA 1 ; J. Brendan Mullen 1 ; Angelo Ponirakis, PhD 1 ; 1 American College of Cardiology, Washington, DC 2 South Carolina Heart Center, Columbia SC Background: The PINNACLE Registry® at the American College of Cardiology is the first outpatient practice-based quality improvement program in the United States. Begun as a pilot program in 2007, the registry systematically collects and reports on adherence to clinical guidelines in the care of patients with coronary artery disease, hypertension, atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Over time, these reports offer a unique opportunity for Quality Improvement (QI) in the outpatient setting. The current study aimed to assess the effect of QI in the outpatient setting using PINNACLE Registry data. Methods: The South Carolina Heart Center is a cardiovascular practice in Columbia, South Carolina. There are 19 providers, 5 office locations and NextGen EMR. The practice’s Quality Committee and Board meet monthly to review PINNACLE reports and identify areas for QI. This Clinical Quality Improvement Initiative began 10 years ago and consists of physicians, nurses, administrators, medical assistants, a medical record analyst and information systems staff. During this review, providers’ data was not blinded to others. QI Interventions implemented included physician and staff education, improving documentation during the office visit, addition of necessary fields to capture missing data and routine planned internal audits. Between October 1, 2009 and March 31, 2013 a total of 161,873 patient encounters were submitted to the registry. A two-tailed z test was performed to assess the significance in percentage changes between 2009 to 2013. Results: The following table showed significant percentage changes in six performance measures indicating interventions implemented by the practice demonstrate significant quality improvement over time from 2009-2013. Conclusions: Utilizing their PINNACLE Registry reports, the South Carolina Heart Center identified several areas for QI. Implementing multiple interventions, this practice was able to significantly improve their PINNACLE Reports and the quality of care provided.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Befikadu Bitewulign ◽  
Dereje Abdissa ◽  
Zewdie Mulissa ◽  
Abiyou Kiflie ◽  
Mehiret Abate ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Care bundles are a set of three to five evidence-informed practices which, when performed collectively and reliably, may improve health system performance and patient care. To date, many studies conducted to improve the quality of essential birth care practices (EBPs) have focused primarily on provider- level and have fallen short of the predicted impact on care quality, indicating that a systems approach is needed to improve the delivery of reliable quality care. This study evaluates the effectiveness of integrating the use of the World Health Organization Safe Childbirth Checklist (WHO-SCC) into a district-wide system improvement collaborative program designed to improve and sustain the delivery of EBPs as measured by "clinical bundle" adherence over-time.Methods: The WHO-SCC was introduced in the context of a district-wide Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH) collaborative quality of care improvement program in four agrarian Ethiopia regions. Three "clinical bundles" were created from the WHO-SCC: On Admission, Before Pushing, and Soon After Birth bundles. The outcome of each bundle was measured using all- or- none adherence. Adherence was assessed monthly by reviewing charts of live births.A time-series analysis was employed to assess the effectiveness of system-level interventions on clinical bundle adherence. STATA version 13.1 was used to analyze the trend of each bundle adherence overtime. Autocorrelation was checked to assess if the assumption of independence in observations collected overtime was valid. Prais-Winsten was used to minimize the effect of autocorrelation.Findings: Quality improvement interventions targeting the three clinical bundles resulted in improved adherence over time across the four regions. In Tigray region, adherence to “On Admission” bundle was increased monthly on average by B =1.39 (95% CI; 0.47 - 2.32; P<0.005).Similarly, adherence to the “Before Pushing” bundle in Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s (SNNP) region increased monthly on average by B = 2.3 (95% CI; 0.89 - 3.74; P<0.005). Conclusion: Use of the WHO-SCC paired with a system-wide quality improvement approach improved and sustained quality of EBPs delivery. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the impact on patient-level outcomes.


2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (69) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats A. Granskog ◽  
Daiki Nomura ◽  
Susann Müller ◽  
Andreas Krell ◽  
Takenobu Toyota ◽  
...  

AbstractAbsorption and fluorescence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in sea ice and surface waters in the southern Sea of Okhotsk was examined. Sea-water CDOM had featureless absorption increasing exponentially with shorter wavelengths. Sea ice showed distinct absorption peaks in the ultraviolet, especially in younger ice. Older first-year sea ice had relatively flat absorption spectra in the ultraviolet range. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) identified five fluorescent CDOM components, two humic-like and three protein-like. Sea water was largely governed by humic-like fluorescence. In sea ice, protein-like fluorescence was found in considerable excess relative to sea water. The accumulation of protein-like CDOM fluorescence in sea ice is likely a result of biological activity within the ice. Nevertheless, sea ice does not contribute excess CDOM during melt, but the material released will be of different composition than that present in the underlying waters. Thus, at least transiently, the CDOM introduced during sea-ice melt might provide a more labile source of fresher protein-like DOM to surface waters in the southern Sea of Okhotsk.


2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aulia Rahma ◽  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Mahmud Mahmud ◽  
Chairul Irawan ◽  
Amalia Enggar Pratiwi ◽  
...  

The high number of natural organic matter contain in wetland water may cause its water has brown color and not consumable. In other hand, intrusion of sea water through wetland aquifer create water become saline, notably on hot season. Coagulation is effective method to applied for removing of natural organic matter. However, it could not be used for salinity removal. Hence combination of coagulation and pervaporation process is attractive method to removing both of natural organic matter and conductivity of wetland saline water. The objective of this works is to investigate optimum coagulant doses for removing organic matter by coagulation process as pretreatment and to analysis performance of coagulation-pervaporation silica-pectin membrane for removing of organic matter and conductivity of wetland saline water. Coagulation process in this work carried out under varied aluminum sulfate dose 10-60 mg.L-1. Silica-pectin membrane was used for pervaporation process at feed temperature ~25 °C (room temperature). Optimum condition of pretreatment coagulation set as alum dose at 30 mg.L-1 with maximum removal efficiency 81,8 % (UV254) and 40 % (conductivity). In other hand, combining of coagulation-pervaporation silica-pectin membrane shows both of UV254 and salt rejection extremely good instead without pretreatment coagulation of 86,8 % and 99,9 % for UV254 and salt rejection respectively. Moreover, water flux of silica-pectin membrane pervaporation with coagulation pretreatment shown higher 17,7 % over water flux of wetland saline water without pretreatment coagulation. Combining of coagulation and pervaporation silica-pectin membrane is effective to removing both of organic matter and salinity of wetland saline water at room temperature.


1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Jordan ◽  
PS Lake

Effects of macroinvertebrate grazers on the distribution of their food resource, epilithon, were examined in a south-eastern Australian stream. The hypothesis that grazers would significantly alter the development of epilithon was tested experimentally: macroinvertebrates were excluded from some experimental substrata and allowed to colonize others. Epilithic chlorophyll a concentration, organic matter content and total diatom density were used to monitor the effects of the grazer assemblage over 35 days. As predicted, epilithon density was higher on bricks with exclusion barriers than on bricks open to colonization by grazers. Similarly, diatom densities were significantly higher on bricks from the grazer-exclusion treatment. Patterns in the development of epilithon over time point to the importance of prevailing abiotic conditions in determining the outcome of macroinvertebrate grazing. Differences in total epilithon biomass, algal biomass and diatom density between treatments clearly indicate the independent importance of macroinvertebrate grazing to the microdistribution of epilithon in upland streams.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document