Modeling of SCIG-Based Variable Speed Wind Turbine in Power Factor Control Mode for Load Flow Analysis

Author(s):  
Rudy Gianto ◽  
Ade Elbani

As they are more efficient in extracting wind energy, variable speed wind power plants (WPPs) are currently replacing the fixed speed WPPs. One possible way to achieve a variable speed WPP is by using a squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) with full-scale power electronic converter (PEC). In fact, as its cost is relatively lower, the application of SCIG-based variable speed WPP is gaining popularity nowadays. To be able to perform proper analyses (including the load flow analysis) of an electric power system, valid and accurate modeling of the system components is very important. This paper discusses the steady state model of SCIG-based variable speed WPP in power factor control mode for a load flow analysis of an electric power distribution system. The model was developed based on formulas that calculate the turbine mechanical power input and WPP electrical power output. Integration of the proposed model in load flow analysis is also discussed and presented in this paper.

Author(s):  
Hayatul Harifin ◽  
Novalio Daratha ◽  
M. Khairul Amri Rosa

AbstractLoad flow analysis is a study to plan and determine the amount of power in an electric power system. During its development, industry requires a large amount of electric power and uses electrical equipment as a means of production. The benefits of an electric load flow analysis are to find out the amount of power in the electric power system whether it still meets predetermined limits, and to find out the amount of voltage at each point, and to obtain initial conditions for the new system planning. Load flow analysis begins calculating the active power and reactive power at each node (bus) installed, loading on the channel or conductor, the load flow calculation will be assisted using the Julia program. From the results of calculations using the Julia program, the voltage at each point with the smallest stress is obtained, namely the 10th point of 209.89 - j10.34V for phase A, -107.39 - j186.87V for phase B, -108.12 + j178,51V for phase CKey Words: Drop Voltage, Julia, Load Flow


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ruswandi Djalal ◽  
Makmur Saini ◽  
A.M Shiddiq Yunus

Power flow analysis in an electric power system is an analysis that reveals the performance of an electric power system and the flow of power (active and reactive) for certain conditions when the system is working. The analysis was carried out using the ETAP 16.00 software, the method used was the newton rapshon by taking a case study of normal conditions. From the results of the study, it can be seen that the power flow that occurs in each channel of the 150 kV system in the South Sulawesi system. The amount of active power (MW) that occurs during normal conditions based on the simulation is 1730.87 MW, where the active power is the largest, which is 171 MW from BUS15_TLASA to BUS13_SGMNSA. For the voltage data, there is a slight comparison of the voltage during the simulation compared to the PLN data.


SainETIn ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Rido Rahmadani

The chlor-alkali process is an electrolysis process which plays an important role in the chemical industry such as the pulp industry. The process produces a product in the form of H2 gas, CL2 gas and NaOH (where the source of chloride ion used is NaCl). This electrolysis process requires a dirrect current with a large current  and a low voltage. In this electrolysis process a three phase controlled 12 pulse rectifiers are used which a connected with multi-winding transformers. In the rectifiers process there will be harmonic distortion on the source side of the transformer which can reduce the power quality of the system. To overcome the harmonic problems that occur in the system, an installation analysis of the equipment in the form of a passive single tuned  filter is aimed at reducing harmonic distortion of current and voltage and increasing the power factor (cos φ). From the result of harmonic analysis using ETAP software, after the installation of harmonic filters orde 11, 13 and 23, the harmonic current value (THDI) and harmonic voltage (THDV) has decreased, namely, before the filter installation, THDI value is 6,5% whereas after installation of filters, THDI value becomes 0,98%, thus there is a THDI decrease of 5,52%. Furthermore, for the voltage harmonic value (THDV) before filter installation is 1,48% while after filtering, THDV value becomes 0,26%, thus there is a THDV decrease of 1,22%. From the results of the simulation of the flow of power (load flow analysis), after installation of filters there is an increase in the value of the power factor (cos φ). Namely, before the filter installation, the value of power factor (cos φ) is 0,8 while after the filter installation the value of the power factor (cos φ) to 0,96, thus an increase in the power factor (cos φ) of 16%.   Keywords : harmonic filter, single tuned filter, power factor, transformer rectifier


Load Flow Analysis helps in error free operation of power system and also useful in forecasting the required equipment for expansion of the system. By forecasting the magnitude of the supply required along with effects caused by single or multiple defects in the system and calculating the magnitude of errors, it is very easy to compensate them using various techniques with minimum cost and effort. It means before installation the favorable sites and size of the infrastructure used are determined to maintain the power factor in the system. Here Power Flow Analysis is performed using Newton Raphson method. This method is used in solving power flow studies of various number of busesunder various conditions. In any network there will be undesired rise or drop or dissipation of voltage. Voltage instability decreases the efficiency of the system and also damages the equipment used. Hence voltage instability analysis is performed and magnitude of the instability is calculated and compensated using various techniques. Here we performed Load Flow Analysis on a 5bus system and Voltage Instability Analysis is also performed to the same with necessary outputs.[7]


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-83
Author(s):  
Shabbiruddin ◽  
Sandeep Chakravorty ◽  
Karma Sonam Sherpa ◽  
Amitava Ray

The selection of power sub-station location and distribution line routing in power systems is one of the important strategic decisions for both private and public sectors. In general, contradictory factors such as availability, and cost, affects the appropriate selection which adheres to vague and inexact data. The work presented in this research deals with the development of models and techniques for planning and operation of power distribution system. The work comprises a wider framework from the siting of a sub-station to load flow analysis. Work done also shows the application of quantum- geographic information system (Q-GIS) in finding load point coordinates and existing sub-station locations. The proposed integrated approach provides realistic and reliable results, and facilitates decision makers to handle multiple contradictory decision perspectives. To accredit the proposed model, it is implemented for power distribution planning in Bihar which consists of 9 divisions. A Cubic Spline Function-based load flow analysis method is developed to validate the proposal.


Author(s):  
Fadhel Putra Winarta ◽  
Yoli Andi Rozzi

The study of electric power flow analysis (Load Flow) is intended to obtain information about the flow of power or voltage in an electric power system network. This information is needed to evaluate the performance of the power system. Electrical power flow problems include calculating the flow and system voltage at certain terminals or buses. The benefits of this power flow study are to find out the voltage at each node in the system, to find out whether all the equipment meets the specified limits to deliver the desired power, and to obtain the original conditions in the new system planning. This study is divided into two: the analysis of data when the conditions have not been added wind turbine and after the addition of 300 kW wind turbine with software power station ETAP software 12.6.0 and the Newton-Raphson method will be used in analyzing the power flow of the electric power system. Based on the results of the tests, it is found that the overall value of losses for power flow before the addition of DG is 0.031 MW and 0.037 Mvar, for the voltage drop with the lowest percentage, namely on bus 10 with a percentage of 96.45 for the 0.4 kV system and the 20 kV system on bus 19 with a percentage of 99.03, the largest% PF load was in lump 1 with 98.64 and the smallest% PF was in lump7 with a value of 84.92. The short circuit data value on the 20 kV bus system at Andalas University before the addition of DG with 3-phase disturbances averaged 13.354 A, 1-phase disturbances averaged 3.521 A, 2-phase disturbances averaged 11.719 A and 2 ground phases of 12.842 A Whereas for the value of power flow after the addition of DG in the form of the wind turbine of 300 kW the overall value of losses is 0.032 MW and 0.042 MvarAR, for the voltage drop with the percentage for voltage drop with the lowest percentage is bus 10 with a percentage of 96.63 for system 0, 4 kV and a 20 kV system on bus 14 with a percentage of 98.1, the largest% PF load is in lump 1 with 98.64 and the smallest% PF is in lump7 with a value of 84.92. The short circuit data value on the 20 kV bus system at Andalas University after the addition of DG with 3 phase disturbances has an average value of 13.354 A, 1 phase disturbance averages 3.523 A, 2 phase disturbances average 11.737 A and 2 phases ground is 12.059 A For the source in this system, after the addition of DG, there was a change in the% PF of the PLN grid, namely 79.53 and the wind turbine -83%.


Author(s):  
Taufik ◽  
Matthew A. Guevara ◽  
Ali Shaban ◽  
Ahmad Nafisi

Microgrids-miniature versions of the electrical grid are becoming increasingly more popular as advancements in technologies, renewable energy mandates, and decreased costs drive communities to adopt them. The modern microgrid has capabilities of generating, distributing, and regulating the flow of electricity, capable of operating in both grid-connected and islanded (disconnected) conditions. This paper utilizes ETAP software in the analysis, simulation, and development of a lab-scale microgrid located at Cal Poly State University. Microprocessor-based relays are heavily utilized in both the ETAP model and hardware implementation of the system. Three case studies were studied and simulated to investigate electric power system load flow analysis of the Cal Poly microgrid. Results were compared against hardware test measurements and showed overall agreement. Slight discrepancies were observed in the simulation results due mainly to the non-ideality of actual hardware components and lab equipment.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8549
Author(s):  
Rudy Gianto

At present, the penetration of wind-driven electric generators or wind power plants (WPPs) in electric power systems is getting more and more extensive. To evaluate the steady state performances of such power systems, developing a valid WPP model is therefore necessary. This paper proposes a new method in modeling the most popular type of WPP, i.e., DFIG (doubly fed induction generator)-based WPP, to be used in power system steady state load flow analysis. The proposed model is simple and derived based on the formulas that calculate turbine mechanical power and DFIG power. The main contribution of the paper is that, in contrast to the previous models where the DFIG power factor has been assumed to be constant at unity, the constant voltage model proposed in this paper allows the power factor to vary in order to keep the voltage at the desired value. Another important contribution is that the proposed model can be implemented in both sub-synchronous and super-synchronous conditions (it is to be noted that most of the previous models use two different mathematical models to represent the conditions). The case study is also presented in the present work, and the results of the study confirm the validity of the proposed DFIG model.


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