Amendment of organic compost proprieties through composting-vermicomposting integration

The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effects of integrating composting-vermicomposting to improve the organic compost as from the physicochemical analyses and by their application on Brachiaria decumbens growth. Experiments carried out in composting unit used 30:1 ratio of nitrogen-rich organic waste (raw vegetables, fruits and cooked food) and carbon (dry grass) in 2 pile configurations (with, or without passive aeration). After 60 days, product was subjected to vermicomposting for 45 days. Composts were analyzed to check their quality (temperature, pH, moisture, organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus levels), as well as compared to each other as biofertilizers (10% (w/v)) for B. decumbens growth. Data have suggested that the vermicomposting process improved the compost pile by increasing its nitrogen (1.26% to 1.95%), phosphorus (0.64% to 1.2%) and organic carbon contents (17.1% to 18.9%). B. decumbens growth showed no significant differences between those treatments, which indicates that organic fraction should be increased (>10%) to release their nutrients to plant.

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Catchment soil characteristics predict organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus levels in temperate lakes

Freshwater Science ◽

10.1086/717954 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Margot Sepp ◽

Toomas Kõiv ◽

Peeter Nõges ◽

Tiina Nõges ◽

Silvia Newell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Characteristics ◽

Temperate Lakes ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Phosphorus Levels

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Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Levels and Stocks After Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization

CLEAN - Soil Air Water ◽

10.1002/clen.201400872 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (11) ◽

pp. 1538-1546 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yangquanwei Zhong ◽

Weiming Yan ◽

Zhouping Shangguan

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Phosphorus Levels

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Chemical Transport Facilitated by Multiphase Flow Systems1

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1985.0078 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Carl G. Enfield

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Boundary Conditions ◽

Transport Equation ◽

Fluid Phase ◽

Chemical Transport ◽

Facilitated Transport ◽

Organic Fraction ◽

Dispersive Transport ◽

Transformation Of Variables ◽

The Impact

Relatively immobile chemicals have been observed moving significantly faster than anticipated from hydrophobic theory. A theory is developed considering transport in three mobile fluid phases which can be used to describe this facilitated transport. The convective dispersive transport equation is solved utilizing a transformation of variables which permits utilizing existing solutions covering a wide variety of boundary conditions. The impact of the facilitated transport is demonstrated for one case where the soils organic carbon is 10%. If 2% of the fluid phase is an organic fraction, the theory developed projects that hydrophobic theory may underestimate mobility by more than 100 times. At concentrations of dissolved organic carbon normally observed in nature (5 - 10 mg/l), a measurable increased mobility is anticipated for the very immobile compounds like dioxins.

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Effect of addition of anaerobic fermented OFMSW (organic fraction of municipal solid waste) on biological nutrient removal (BNR) process: preliminary results

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0078 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 327-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

P. Pavan ◽

P. Battistoni ◽

P. Traverso ◽

A. Musacco ◽

F. Cecchi

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Removal ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Biological Nutrient Removal ◽

Organic Fraction ◽

P Release ◽

Pure Methanol ◽

P Removal

The paper presents results coming from experiments on pilot scale plants about the possibility to integrate the organic waste and wastewater treatment cycles, using the light organic fraction produced via anaerobic fermentation of OFMSW as RBCOD source for BNR processes. The effluent from the anaerobic fermentation process, with an average content of 20 g/l of VFA+ lactic acid was added to wastewater to be treated in order to increase RBCOD content of about 60-70 mg/l. The results obtained in the BNR process through the addition of the effluent from the fermentation unit are presented. Significant increase of denitrification rate was obtained: 0.06 KgN-NO3/KgVSS d were denitrified in the best operative conditions studied. -Vmax shows values close to those typical of the pure methanol addition (about 0.3 KgN-NO3/KgVSS d). A considerable P release (35%) was observed in the anaerobic step of the BNR process, even if not yet a completely developed P removal process.

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Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition to Soil Improves Seed Yield, Foliar Stomatal Conductance, and the Photosynthetic Response of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11060483 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 483

Author(s):

Esmaeil Zangani ◽

Kamran Afsahi ◽

Farid Shekari ◽

Eileen Mac Sweeney ◽

Andrea Mastinu

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Quantum Yield ◽

Photosystem Ii ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Phosphorus Levels

The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on the physiological traits, yield, and seed yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), were studied in a farm research project of Zanjan University. Three levels of nitrogen (0, 100, and 200 kg/ha) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 75, and 150 kg/ha) were considered. The results showed that an increase in nitrogen level caused an increase in the leaf chlorophyll content so that the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen increased the chlorophyll content of the leaves until the mid-grain filling stage. Nitrogen application lowered leaf stomatal conductance in the early flowering stage whereas the stomatal conductance was increased during the late flowering stage. Nitrogen application (100 and 200 kg/ha) also increased the quantum yield of photosystem II. On the other hand, with the application of 150 kg/ha and 75 kg/ha of phosphorus, the leaf stomatal conductance and the quantum yield of photosystem II in the early flowering stage increased respectively. The results showed that the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen and 75 kg/ha of phosphorus significantly increased seed and oil yield compared to the control. In addition, the number of siliques per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds showed an increasing trend that was affected by nitrogen and phosphorus levels. This study demonstrated that nitrogen enhanced the chlorophyll content, leaf area, and consequently, the quantum yield of photosystem II. Nitrogen also augmented the seed filling duration, seed yield, and oil yield by increasing gas exchange. As a result, the application of 100 kg/ha of nitrogen together with 75 kg/ha phosphorus showed the greatest effect on the qualitative and quantitative yield of rapeseed. However, the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen alone or in combination with different levels of phosphorus did not significantly increase many of the studied traits.

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Responses of microbial activity to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus additions in forest mineral soils differing in organic carbon content

Biology and Fertility of Soils ◽

10.1007/s00374-021-01545-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 513-521

Author(s):

Veronika Jílková ◽

Kateřina Jandová ◽

Jaroslav Kukla

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Mineral Soils

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A highly efficient multi-step methodology for the quantification of micro-(bio)plastics in sludge

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x20974094 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0734242X2097409

Author(s):

Federica Ruggero ◽

Alexandra E. Porter ◽

Nikolaos Voulvoulis ◽

Emiliano Carretti ◽

Tommaso Lotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Waste ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Critical Conditions ◽

Organic Fraction ◽

Initial Oxidation ◽

Threshold Size ◽

End Products ◽

Biological Treatments ◽

Pre Treatment

The present study develops a multi-step methodology for identification and quantification of microplastics and micro-bioplastics (together called in the current work micro-(bio)plastics) in sludge. In previous studies, different methods for the extraction of microplastics were devised for traditional plastics, while the current research tested the methodology on starch-based micro-bioplastics of 0.1–2 mm size. Compostable bioplastics are expected to enter the anaerobic or aerobic biological treatments that lead to end-products applicable in agriculture; some critical conditions of treatments (e.g. low temperature and moisture) can slow down the degradation process and be responsible for the presence of microplastics in the end-product. The methodology consists of an initial oxidation step, with hydrogen peroxide 35% concentrated to clear the sludge and remove the organic fraction, followed by a combination of flotation with sodium chloride and observation of the residues under a fluorescence microscope using a green filter. The workflow revealed an efficacy of removal from 94% to 100% and from 92% to 96% for plastic fragments, 0.5–2 mm and 0.1–0.5 mm size, respectively. The methodology was then applied to samples of food waste pulp harvested after a shredding pre-treatment in an anaerobic digestion (AD) plant in Italy, where polyethylene, starch-based Mater-Bi® and cellophane microplastics were recovered in amounts of 9 ± 1.3/10 g <2 mm and 4.8 ± 1.2/10 g ⩾2 mm. The study highlights the need to lower the threshold size for the quantification of plastics in organic fertilizers, which is currently set by legislations at 2 mm, by improving the background knowledge about the fate of the micro-(bio)plastics in biological treatments for the organic waste.

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