E.N. Trubetskoy on the Interrelation of the Sacred and the Aesthetic in Ancient Russian Iconography

Author(s):  
Elena V. Kovaleva

The article studies the problem of interrelation of the cult and aesthetic components of iconography and analyzes the approach to its solution in the works of the representative of Russian religious philosophy of the early 20th century E. Trubetskoy.

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Цветана [Tzvetana] Георгиева [Georgieva]

Ivan Grozev and the “New Cultural Race” in the Aesthetic Religious Project of Bulgarian ModernismThe aesthetic-religious views of Ivan Grozev, a Bulgarian writer, poet and spiritual awakener, combine various aspects whose unifying center is the mystical ability of man to reach God: the Christian idea of man’s aspiration for God; theosophical and Masonic conceptions; and elements of Hellenistic philosophy and mystery. In his articles and studies that he published in the journal Hyperion, Ivan Grozev promoted ideas about the poet as “a priest and a prophet”, his “worldly sacrifice”, and “the steps towards godly knowledge” (scientist, genius, mystic). As a true Theosophist, he contrasts his utilitarian times with the spiritual from past eras (reason vs. mysticism), affirming the idea of a “New Heaven” and a “New Cultural Race” for the devoted ones. The Bulgarian modern consciousness from the late 19th and early 20th century perceived such ideas as a new type of religion of the aesthetic, and at the same time as a new ethic of the creator (prophet, Übermensch in the sense of Nietzsche or Rudolf Steiner) as a necessity of spiritual creation of a new cultural race that abandons mercantilism for the sake of ideal values. Iwan Grozew i „nowa rasa kulturowa” w religijno-estetycznym projekcie bułgarskiego modernizmuPoglądy estetyczno-religijne Iwana Grozewa, bułgarskiego pisarza, poety, działacza na rzecz duchowego przebudzenia społeczeństwa, łączą aspekty chrześcijańskiej idei dążenia człowieka do Boga, koncepcje teozoficzne i masońskie, elementy hellenistycznej filozofii i misteriów, a ich wspólnym jądrem jest mistyczna zdolność człowieka, aby dotrzeć do Boga. W artykułach i studiach publikowanych na łamach czasopisma „Хиперион” Iwan Grozew propaguje idee dotyczące poety „kapłana i proroka” i jego „ziemskiej ofiary”, „kroków w kierunku boskiej wiedzy” (naukowiec, geniusz, mistyk); jako wyznawca teozofii, utylitarne czasy, w jakich żyje, przeciwstawia epokom duchowym z przeszłości (rozum przeciwko mistycyzmowi), potwierdzając ideę „nowego nieba” i „nowej rasy kulturowej” dla osób poświęconych. W bułgarskiej świadomości modernistycznej przełomu XIX i XX wieku takie idee postrzegane były jako nowy rodzaj religii estetycznej, a jednocześnie jako nowa etyka twórcy (proroka, nadczłowieka w rozumieniu Friedricha Nietzschego lub Rudolfa Steinera), pojęta jako konieczność duchowego stworzenia nowej rasy kulturowej, która odrzuca postawę merkantylną w imię wartości idealnych.


Author(s):  
Анастасия Сергеевна Сиренко

Статья посвящена интерпретации образов города Феодосии в творчестве Константина Федоровича Богаевского – представителя «Киммерийской школы живописи». Приводятся итоги исследования вех творческой биографии художника, выстроенные в хронологическом порядке, учитывая особенности изменений стилистической манеры и решаемые им эстетические задачи. Охарактеризованы параметры и круг мастеров «Киммерийской школы живописи». Выбрав главной темой своего творчества в самом начале пути загадочную страну Киммерию, художник претворял ее в больших панорамных живописных произведениях и малоформатных рисунках и акварелях, отмеченных высоким мастерством и глубокой мифопоэтикой. Рассказывается о мастерской живописца, ставшей местом притяжения для многих гостей, представлявших творческую интеллигенцию Москвы и Ленинграда. Освещается вклад уроженца Феодосии и почитателя творчества К.Ф. Богаевского – И.М. Саркизова-Серазини в просвещение родного города среди модных курортов начала ХХ века, а также судьба его необычайной коллекции. The article is devoted to the interpretation of images of the city of Feodosia in the creativity of Konstanin F. Bogaevsky – the representative of the “Cimmerian painting school”. The results of the study of the milestones of the artist’s creative biography are presented, arranged in chronological order, taking into account the peculiarities of changes in the stylistic manner and the aesthetic tasks that he solves. The parameters and circle of masters of the “Cimmerian painting school” are described. Having chosen the mysterious country of Cimmeria as the main theme of his work at the very beginning of his work, he embodied it in large panoramic paintings and small-format drawings and watercolors, marked by high skill and deep mythology. The article tells about the artist’s workshop, which has become a place of attraction for many guests representing the creative intellectuals of Moscow and Leningrad. The contribution of the native of Feodosia and admirer of the work of Konstantin F. Bogaevsky – Ivan M.Sarkizov-Serazini to the enlightenment of his native city among the fashionable resorts of the early 20th century and the fate of his extraordinary collection is highlighted.


2017 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
Beate Sommerfeld

Der Artikel behandelt den Roman Die Meisen von UUsimaa singen nicht mehr 2014 des Experimentalfilmers und Autors Franz Friedrich als Reflex auf den Umbruch vom analogen zum digitalen Zeitalter. Stark polarisierend bezieht der Roman zum Medienwandel Stellung und schlägt sich auf die Seite der Analogmedien Fotografie und Film, wobei er auf den Fotografie- und Filmdiskurs des 20. Jahrhunderts von Bela Balazs, Walter Benjamin bis hin zu Roland Barthes und Georges Didi-Huberman zurückgreift. Indem der Roman ein Gewebe aus photoästhetischen Topoi, Metaphern und Diskursen spinnt, modelliert er eine Ästhetik des Abdrucks und der Berührung, die auf Roland Barthes’ Modell des “vokalischen Schreibens” rekurriert. Das Unbehagen an der Repräsentation, das aus Friedrichs Roman spricht, geht mit einer nostalgisch gefärbten Sehnsucht nach dem Authentischen einher.“The material matters” — reflections on the upheaval from analogue to digital media in the novel The Tits of Uusimaa Don’t Sing Any More by Franz Friedrich The purpose of the article is to show how literary texts reflect upon the upheaval from analogue to digital media using the example of the novel The Tits of Uusimaa Don’t Sing Any More by the experimental filmmaker and author Franz Friedrich 2014. Friedrich approaches the technological shift from analogue to digital and the transforming landscape of media from a critical viewpoint by looking back at the early 20th-century scenario of intermedial exchange. Doing so, he refers to the 20th-century media discourse Béla Balázs, Walter Benjamin to Roland Barthes and Georges Didi-Huberman, scrutinizing and redefining analogue media by referring to various topoi, metaphors the analogue as a mental imprint of the real. Friedrich confronts the representation paradigm of literature to the aesthetic of contact and resonances, strongly related to Roland Barthes’ concept of “vocal writing”.


Author(s):  
T. Vilhovchenko

The article traces the historical stages of the emergence and development of modern choreography, its main directions, the influence of outstanding choreographers on the development of the plastic language of modern dance. It is noted that modern dance and its many and varied styles, types, forms arouse interest and the most controversial reactions from both the viewer and the critic. The concept of "modern choreography" was used and was relevant at every stage of the historical development of dance. In this or that historical period, dance was considered innovative and in line with the spirit of its time. Particular attention is paid to modern dance in the article. It incorporated both the aesthetic principles of the early 20th century and the further transformation of the modern dance of the second half of the 20th - early 21st centuries. The work also explores the emergence of the theory of movement, which appeared at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries. However, despite the absence of a system of choreographic structure, tools for its analysis have already been proposed. This dance did not have a specific form and was aimed at conveying a person's spiritual state. In parallel with the birth of modern dance, new views on its perspectives were framed. The innovators sought to minimize the importance of costume, music, and decoration while maximizing lexical material and depth of thought, which rejected any canons of dance composition. It marked the beginning of a new era - the postmodern era, in which modern choreography evolves, moves in search of new forms and means of expression, changes, creating a new vocabulary, artistic symbols, and understandable signs.


2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1182-1202
Author(s):  
Surti Singh

This article examines the turn to the aesthetic dimension in early 20th century critical theory, particularly in the work of Lukács, Benjamin and Adorno. It focuses on the concept of play ( Spiel), which garnered particular attention as a possible form of aesthetic resistance to the reification of reason in modern society. The article traces the concept of play from the work of Lukács, who engaged with Schiller’s notion of the play-drive but ultimately viewed it to be an inadequate form of aesthetic resistance, to the work of Benjamin, who optimistically embraced the revolutionary possibility of play. In contrast, the article argues that Adorno’s work tacitly advances a critical concept of dark play that offers a third perspective between Lukács’s pessimism and Benjamin’s optimism, thus avoiding both the retreat into an apolitical aesthetic dimension and the uncritical embrace of play’s revolutionary potential.


2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Davydov

This article introduces the theological and philosophical thoughts of Lev Karsavin, who was one of the most creative representatives of Russian religious philosophy in the early 20th century. His conception was historically the last amongst the great systems of Russian metaphysics of all-unity. This conception gave an opportunity for developing an understanding of the relations between God and the world, and the act of creation as gift of God.


Author(s):  
I. DIDENKO ◽  
O. FILATOVA

Current research is a historic and pedagogical study. It uncovers the problem of aesthetic education in the context of such a meaningful phenomenon of the education of the late 19th century and the early 20th century as pedagogical congresses. The study has proved that the issues of the aesthetic education were considered during almost every pedagogical congress from 1862 till 1919. This type of education was recognized as the necessary part of comprehensive and harmonious development of the child’s personality. Under different political conditions aesthetic education was discussed during the pedagogical congresses either as a separate issue or as an element of other types of education: labor, ethical, national and even physical ones. The main methods and means of the aesthetic education considered by the participants of the pedagogical congresses were the following ones: familiarizing with the works of the prominent foreign and national authors, excursions, getting to know the native land, national traditions, creative labor, different forms of recreation and entertainment, art and musical events, taking care of your appearance. For supporting pedagogical councils, the delegates of the congresses suggested to create aesthetic committees and professional councils.  To cut the long story short, the participants of the pedagogical congresses were very attentive to the issues of the aesthetic education and considered it as one of the necessary elements of harmonious development of the personality What remained uncovered was the degree of implementation of the solutions and recommendations of the participants of the pedagogical congresses in the educational process of the schools, namely, what ideas were introduced and what left just on the paper.


Author(s):  
Ilya E. Pechenkin ◽  

I.V. Zholtovsky’s (1867–1959) the earliest works are traditionally considered by researchers like a sort of marginalia in his professional biography, although it is reasonable to assume that he was formed as an architect just during the pre-revolutionary period. According to S.O. Khan-Magomedov, Zholtovsky was engaged in something like laboratory experiments in 1900–1910s, selecting the forms and techniques that were most perfect from an artistic point of view. However, that process should be viewed not so much in the plane of abstract artistic quality as in the context of stylistic searches of the early 20th century aimed at overcoming eclecticism. It is usually to associate those searches with Art Nouveau, but in Russia the idea of acquiring a true style was embodied in neoclassic tendency. The new classical architecture as a phenomenon was built against the background of the steady modernization of the society and culture, so that the talking about the revival of the historical traditions had a small relation to reality. The originality of the aesthetic choice became truly significant in architecture, and Zholtovsky’s radical Palladianism, based not on approximate imitation of the classics, but on the exact quotation of famous villas and palazzo, fully corresponded to the trend.


Author(s):  
Donald B. Myer ◽  
Abba Lichtenstein

Washington enjoys a unique international focus as a city planned for beauty. It incorporates a monumental baroque plan superimposed on a topography bordered by rivers and hills. Marble monuments and governmental structures carefully range a tree-lined formal landscape in the city's core. Fiercely protected height limits assure as a centerpiece the Capitol dome and monument-lined Mall. Conscious planning and architectural aesthetic effort have resulted in bridges that are an integral part of the nation's capital in 1996. Its structures reveal history, engineering excellence, and undeniable aesthetic import. Six bridges defend this thesis: Arlington Memorial Bridge, sculpture and arches formally carrying the Mall across the Potomac River; Francis Scott Key Bridge, high concrete arches whose silhouette are a major feature of the Potomac Palisades; William Howard Taft Bridge, engineering tour de force (largest unreinforced concrete structure in the world), carrying one of the city's main avenues across Rock Creek Park on multiple arches; Dumbarton Bridge, integrating architecture and sculpture in the parkscape while solving a street misalignment across Rock Creek Park; Connecticut Avenue Bridge over Klingle Valley, Art Deco steel-arched structure; and John Phillip Sousa Bridge, early 20th century axial connection of Pennsylvania Avenue, S.E., over the Anacostia River. Steel, concrete, arches, and trusses make up the aesthetic components of these structures, each in a unique visual context.


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