scholarly journals Designing A Model of Medical Equipment Purchase Management in Hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Azam Lari ◽  
Ali Komeili ◽  
Kamran Hajinabi ◽  
Leila Riahi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Purchase Management

Objective: Medical equipment plays an effective and vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Each society dedicates a plethora of health resources to these facilities. Since prioritizing and resource allocation are crucial in low-income countries with limited health resources, understanding and improving the purchase management of medical equipment in hospitals is a primary key for preparing high-quality health services. The aim of this study was to design a model for medical equipment purchase management at hospitals affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The statistical population for the present applied study, consisted of 623 people and the research sample was comprised of 420 people, which was selected using the stratified random sampling method. Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire whose variables were extracted from comparative studies and whose validity was measured by the relative content validity coefficient, content validity index and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The SPSS 18 and AMOS were employed for analyses. Results: The most and the least effective aspects of medical equipment purchase management in the studied hospitals were found to be decision-making (path coefficient of 1.244) and organization respectively (path coefficient of 0. 845). Conclusion: It is crucial to take factors into consideration when using the facilities and capacities available in health and treatment centres. The proposed model can best guide buyer institutions to move towards efficient purchase mentioned in upstream policy documents.

scholarly journals Challenges of Virtual Medical Sciences Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Salari ◽  
Vida Sepahi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Virtual Education ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Sudden Transition

Context: Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been numerous higher education challenges. Medical universities have been urged to dispel students from educational and clinical settings and led them toward virtual education. This sudden transition has been accompanied by multiple challenges. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the challenges of virtual medical education in the COVID-19 pandemic. Study Selection: This systematic review was performed by reviewing the current literature on the research subject and the studies conducted in this regard during March 2019 to April 2021 by searching via five key search engines and databases, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, and ERIC. Results: In total, 23 studies were assessed, and different virtual education challenges in medical universities were classified into three categories of structural challenges, student-related challenges, and teacher-related challenges. In addition, strategies were proposed for overcoming the identified challenges. Conclusions: Since medical education was not properly pursued before the COVID-19 pandemic and the necessary infrastructures are lacking in this area, designing and implementing such programs could bring about fundamental challenges in several countries (especially developing and low-income countries), thereby decreasing their success rate. On the other hand, the coronavirus crisis could be an opportunity to identify the weaknesses, shortcomings, and infrastructural deficiencies in e-learning and address these issues effectively.

scholarly journals Epidemiology & Prognostication of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in India – A Brief Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 616-623
Author(s):  
E. Suguna ◽  
Chitralekha Saikumar ◽  
Florida Tilton
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Western World ◽  
Targeted Drugs ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Immature Cells ◽  
Acute Myeloid

AML is represented by aggregation of ≥20% myeloid immature cells in the spongy marrow and most generally raise in the peripheral blood. A cytogenetic finding plays a vital role in the risk management and stratification of AML patients. AML is genetically and functionally a heterogenous malignant disease. In the western world leukemia is one of the most common among all cancers. India ranked 3rd in cancer disease after US and China. Management of AML is challenging specially for medium and low-income countries as it causes a huge economic burden to the patient and family. Molecular prognostic biomarkers will help in redefining the risk stratification more efficiently. Targeted drugs in pre-clinical and clinical trial recorded to have promising outcomes in AML. In this review we summarize the prevalence, incidence, and prognostication of AML.

scholarly journals Challenge of Retinoblastoma in Mexico in 2020: Perspectives and Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Lucas A. Garza-Garza ◽  
Raúl E. Ruiz-Lozano ◽  
Genaro Rebolledo-Méndez ◽  
Ismael Ibarra-Nava ◽  
Héctor J. Morales-Garza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
High Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Economic Wealth ◽  
Geographical Regions

Early diagnosis and positive outcomes of retinoblastoma in childhood have been positively correlated with the economic wealth of high-income countries (HICs) worldwide. Adequate curability and survival rates, adherence to treatment, presence of poor prognostic initial clinical signs, and metastatic disease at diagnosis appear to have a less favorable picture in low-income countries (LICs). However, this is not always the case. An example is Argentina, where disease-free survival rates of retinoblastoma are notably higher than expected when taking into consideration its economic situation. Unfortunately, as in other Latin American LICs, retinoblastoma outcomes in Mexico are worrisome. Interestingly, the Human Development Index (HDI) in Mexico varies widely between its different geographical regions. While in some states, the HDI resembles those of high-income countries, and in others, the opposite is observed. A unifying picture of Mexico’s developmental status, health resources, indicators, and other factors possibly influencing outcomes in retinoblastoma is currently unavailable. The present review explores the previously mentioned factors in Mexico and compares them to other countries. Additionally, it recommends solutions or enhancements where possible.

scholarly journals Anaesthesia for acute abdomen in developing countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne O. Buowari
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Acute Abdomen ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Trained Personnel ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

Acute abdomen is an emergency that requires immediate surgical intervention. In developing and low-income countries, there is limited modern drugs and medical equipment and personnel. General anaesthesia is administered for emergency abdominal surgeries. Ketamine is used in hospitals without trained personnel in the administration of anaesthesia. In other hospitals in developing countries with anaesthetist, ketamine is used for induction of anaesthesia and muscle relaxant administered to facilitate endotracheal intubation and maintain anaesthesia with inhalational agents to avoid awareness under anaesthesia.

scholarly journals Face and content validity of a prospective multidimensional performance instrument for service delivery in district health systems in low-income countries: a Delphi study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
Elias Ali Yesuf ◽  
Eva Grill ◽  
Günter Fröschl ◽  
Damen Haile-Mariam ◽  
Daniela Koller
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
District Health ◽  
District Health Systems ◽  
The Face ◽  
Improve Health

Abstract Background Valid performance indicators help to track and improve health services. The aim of this study was to test the face and content validity of a set of performance indicators for service delivery in district health systems of low-income countries. Methods A Delphi method with three stages was used. A panel of experts voted (yes vs no) on the face value of performance indicators. Agreement on the inclusion of indicators was a score of >75% and ≥50% during stages one and two, respectively. During stage three, indicators with a mean score of ≥3.8 on a five-point scale were included. The panel also rated the content validity of the overall set of indicators. Results The panel agreed on the face value of 59 out of 238 performance indicators. Agreement on the content validity of the set of indicators reached 100%. Most of the retained indicators were related to the capacity of health facilities, the quality of maternal and child health services and HIV care and treatment. Conclusions Policymakers in low-income countries could use a set of performance indicators with modest face and high content validity, and mainly aspects of capacity and quality to improve health service delivery in districts.

scholarly journals Lesson from COVID-19: restructuring the current health system and policies in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Madhusudan Subedi ◽  
Prativa Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Public Health Program ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Preparedness Plan ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Intersectoral Coordination

Although COVID-19 pandemic has created a state of alarm worldwide, the downfall in health and economy is rather paramount in low income countries. Nepal, due to its inadequate health resources and poor health system, is more vulnerable to the plight. But on a positive note, the weaknesses that have been exposed can be taken as lessons to learn. With the policies committed to achieving health as the fundamental right of people as per the constitution, capacity building, intersectoral coordination, preventive, promotive and curative facilities, and appropriate strategies and preparedness plan, Nepal can combat the pandemic and develop a resilient and well-functioning health system in future. Now is a moment of historic opportunity. Public health program must be strengthened as soon as possible by ensuring that at least minimum requirement are in place at the province and municipality levels and media partnership should be created to prevent societal fear. Furthermore, this is an opportunity to implement the power devolution in federal republic of Nepal

scholarly journals Role of Intraoperative Endoscopy in the Management of Small Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Gupta ◽  
Arvind K. Singh ◽  
Jyoti Gupta ◽  
Houssem Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Intraoperative Endoscopy ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Foreign Body Impaction ◽  
Small Bowel Diseases

With the advances in the endoscopic technology, most of the small bowel diseases are being diagnosed by capsule endoscopy and device assisted enteroscopy. However, there are many clinical situations such as small bowel obstruction, foreign body impaction were these advanced endoscopic procedures cannot be performed. In such cases, intraoperative endoscopy plays a vital role in the management of these small bowel diseases. Intraoperative endoscopy is also very useful in identification of the site of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding in difficult cases. Moreover, capsule endoscopy and device assisted enteroscopy are expensive procedures and not readily available at all medical centers especially in low income countries. On the other hand, intraoperative endoscopy can be easily performed by conventional gastroscope and colonoscope. In this chapter, we have discussed the indications, techniques, outcomes and complications of intraoperative endoscopy in the current era of deep enteroscopy.

scholarly journals Collaboration between Paediatrician and Orthopaedician in Management of Congenitial Talipes Equino Varus by Ponseti Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Santhosha ◽  
SP Akshatha
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Ponseti Method ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Soft Tissue Release ◽  
Idiopathic Clubfoot ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Orthopaedic Department ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Congenital Talipes Equino Varus (CTEV) or Clubfoot is one of the commonest orthopaedic problems observed in infants. Deformity involving in utero malalignment of calcaneo-talar-navicular complex of the foot is known as CTEV. Due to lack of treatment capacity and less knowledge about “Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration.” (APGAR) Score in low income countries, CTEV end up with neglected clubfoot deformity (untreated children >2 years). About 1-2/1000 live births is the estimated incidence of idiopathic clubfoot. Aim: To assess the clinical profile and efficacy of Ponseti technique in the management and treatment of CTEV by Paediatrician and Orthopaedician collaboration. Materials and Methods: The observational study was conducted at AdiChunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS). The data was recorded in a standard predesigned proforma which contained all details of patients like name, age, sex, parent details, address, family history, pregnancy and delivery details of mother, any prior treatment taken for clubfoot and examination details of spine, hips, upper and lower limbs with both feet and also other systems for associated clinical problems. The parents of the patients visiting Paediatric Out Patient’s Department (OPD) with CTEV were informed regarding the deformity and were sent to Orthopaedic Department. In Orthopaedic Department, after counselling of the parents regarding the ponseti method, all patients were treated and managed. All patients were followed over a two year period and assessed for any deformities which were subsequently managed surgically. All the data was documented, statistically analysed using suitable statistical methods. Results: Total 53 patients had 81 idiopathic CTEV or Clubfoot between the period of three years from 2015 to 2018. The age of patients varied upto one year after birth. Among 53 patients, 38 (72%) were males and 15 (28%) were females. Out of 53 infants, 35 had one clubfoot and 23 had bilateral clubfoot (total 81 clubfoot in 53 infants). The mean age of initial presentation to treatment was 3.5 weeks, 11 out of 53 infants came in 1st week of life. Out of 53 infants, 21,14,6,5,4,2 were followed-up for 7-12 months, 13-18 months, 0-6 months, 25-30 months, 19-24 months and 31-36 months, respectively. Out of 81 clubfoot; 76 (93.83%) had achieved near normal correction, five clubfoot (6.17%) required posteromedial soft tissue release, 67 foot (82.71%) had undergone percuteneoustenotomy and nine foot (11.11%) got corrected without tenotomy. Conclusion: CTEV or clubfoot is treated very safely and effectively by using ponseti method. It is rapidly decreasing the necessity of extensive surgery. This method should be encouraged to be set as the gold standard treatment of congenital clubfoot or CTEV by national efforts.

scholarly journals Donating Medical Equipment to Low-Income Countries: Getting it Right

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. S69
Author(s):  
V. Albert ◽  
S. Mndolo ◽  
E. O'Sullivan ◽  
I. Wilson ◽  
I. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Low Income Countries
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