Stabilization of Clayey Soil by Using Metakaolin and Sugarcane Ash

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Abdul Zahra ◽  
◽  
Mahmood Ahmed ◽  
Ibrahim Al-Ani ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Water ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Shear Strength Test

Soft clay is a natural soil that spreads in the south of Iraq and many countries in the world. It is a problematic soil causing trouble for the structures built on it because of, high water content, low shear strength, and high compressibility. This work investigated the geotechnical behavior of soft clay by using mix of Metakaolin (M) and Sugarcane Straw Ash in air (SCSAA).The experimental work contains the following tests: chemical tests, physical tests, Compaction tests and shear test. These tests were carried out on soil samples prepared from soft soil; the replacement materials by weight of dry unit weight for different percentages of M (4%, 6%, 8%, 10%) mix with different percentages of SCSAA (4%, 6%, 8%, 10%). The tests results showed that the best percentage for the plasticity test was M1B4. Also,the percentage which gave the best value for undrained shear strength test was M4B4 (135).Finally, the treatment soil is good sub grade materials and also can be used in highway sub-base material.

Research on Surface-Layer Improvement Technology for Dredger Fill by Vacuum Preloading

2012 ◽  
Vol 256-259 ◽  
pp. 1703-1706
Author(s):  
Yan Hua Yang ◽  
Fu Quan Ji ◽  
Zhao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
High Water ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Vacuum Preloading ◽  
Reclaimed Land

The surface-layers have very high water content and low bearing capacity, so far to be the very soft clay foundation, which come from the reclaimed land in project of reclamation. It is difficult to improve the very soft clay foundation by traditional vacuum preloading. A new method named surface soft soil improvement is presented in this paper, which can make the soft clay foundation to be improved in preliminary. Once forming the hard coat layer, the foundation may reach the needs of further construction. In the construction technology, the horizontal filter pipe net is used to instead of the sand bedding course. By laying of woven cloth and non-woven geotextile over the surface of reclaimed silt, installing PVDs by manpower becomes possible. Besides, the vertical PVDs all are connected with the horizontal filter pipe net directly, that makes a whole spatial drainage system. The loss of the degree of vacuum is decreased, and the improvement is increased. Thus, this construction technology is as a reference to the large scale engineering construction and similar projects.

scholarly journals Effects of High Plasticity and Expansive Clay Stabilization with Lime on UCS Testing in Several Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1000 (1000) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soewignjo Agus Nugroho ◽  
Gunawan Wibisono ◽  
Andarsin Ongko ◽  
Avrilly Zesthree Mauliza
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
High Water ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Expansive Clay ◽  
Limit Value

Clay is a cohesive and very soft soil if it has high water content. To overcome this problem, clay soils with high plasticity need to be stabilized. The method of soil stabilization with lime is an alternative effort to improve soil that does not meet the standards. Lime reacts with groundwater so that it changes the property of the soil, reducing the stickiness and softness of the soil. Lime also functions to solidify (stabilize) and stabilize (stabilize) soil in the form of fine powder consisting of metals and inorganic mineral composition. This study aims to determine the effect of clay soils when carried out stabilization by using a limestone additive which varies in levels of mixture. The results showed that lime effective for the stabilization high plasticity and expansive clay by increasing the compressive strength value of UCS with lime content of 10% under curing conditions in 28 days and unsoaked by 319%, the liquid limit value reduced by 6% and the plastic limit value increased by 46%.

scholarly journals Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation for Strengthening Soft Clay

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
J. Z. Xiao ◽  
Y. Q. Wei ◽  
H. Cai ◽  
Z. W. Wang ◽  
T. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Strength Enhancement ◽  
Complex Chemical Composition

Currently, calcite produced in sediments by microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is mainly used as a strengthening binder in sand because sands are porous and have good permeability. Conventional wisdom does not consider MICP to be suitable for use in soft clay because of the clay particles’ small size and its minimal porosity. Because of the clay’s high water content and complex chemical composition, very little research has been done and not much is known about the use of MICP in soft clay for strength enhancement. For this paper, soft clay specimens were prepared by mixing a solution containing Sporosarcina pasteurii bacteria, solutions with different concentrations of nutrient salts, and soft clay. Unconfined compressive strength tests were carried out on these specimens after they had cured for 28 days in a moisture-controlled environment. These laboratory tests were used to study the chemical reactions, the clay’s strength, and other influencing factors. The results are as follows: (1) directly mixing a S. pasteurii solution, nutrient salts, and soft clay considerably improves the uniformity of the spatial distribution of the bacteria and the nutrients in the soft clay. Directly mixing these constituents promotes the formation of calcium carbonate and greatly simplifies soft clay sample preparation. (2) It is feasible to use MICP to increase the strength of soft clay. Compared to control specimens cured under the same conditions but without introduced nutrients and bacteria solution, the unconfined compressive strength of MICP-treated specimens can be increased by as much as 2.42 times to an unconfined compressive strength of 43.31 kPa. The water content in MICP-treated specimens was significantly reduced by the MICP reactions and in one case decreased from 40% to 30.73%. (3) The strength enhancement of microbially solidified soft clay is the result of two processes: urea hydration catalyzed by enzymes consumes water in the clay and the bacterially precipitated calcite forms in the sediment’s pores. (4) The micro-organism-produced calcite in the soft clay increases the calcite abundance from 0% to as much as 3.5%. (5) The MICP-treated strength of soft clay varies with the concentration of the nutrients provided. For the experimental conditions used for this paper, the optimum concentration of the CaCl2·2H2O and CH4N2O nutrients is 0.5 mol/L.

The Effect of Heat Induction on Shear Strength of Soft Soil in Radial Zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 998 ◽  
pp. 329-334
Author(s):  
Maraden Panjaitan ◽  
Lawalenna Samang ◽  
Achmad Bakri Muhiddin ◽  
Tri Harianto
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Heat Induction ◽  
Vane Shear Test ◽  
Radial Zone

The main problem in infrastructure development at the soft clay was its bearing capacity therefore it needs to be improved. In this research, the improvement method was carried out by modeling in small scale of preloading and heat induction combination. Location of soft clay sampling was in Takalar, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of the shear strength of soft soil corresponding with heat induction at the radial zone. The shear strength was obtained by vane shear test and compressive strength from unconfined compressive test (UCT). The heat applied ranging from 100o C, 200o C, 300o C, and 400o C with static preloading load 0.20 kg/cm2. The strengths of the soil in radial zones have been tested at R0, R1, and R2. At lowest temperature 100° at R0 the compressive strength was 0.203 kg/cm2, at highest temperature 400° at R0 the compressive strength 0.467 kg/cm2, there was a significant increasing of compressive strength value with the change of temperature. At the highest temperature 4000 the shear strength from vane shear tests resulting at R0 0.240 kg/cm2, R1 of 0.128 kg/cm2, R2 of 0.077 kg/cm2. At the lowest temperature of 100o C shows R0 at 0.116 kg/cm2, R1 at 0.070 kg/cm2, R3 of 0.046 kg/cm2. The results show a tendency of declining strength value as the soil farther away from center of heat induction. The experimental result from this model produces strength that can be used as a parameter of the foundation model on soft soil.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Properties of Soft Marine Soil at Chan May Port, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Nu NGUYEN ◽  
Thanh Duong NGUYEN ◽  
Truong Son BUI
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Dry Unit Weight ◽  
Marine Soil

Soft marine soil deposit is distributed under the sea with many special properties. This type ofsoil is rarely researched in Vietnam because of the difficult geotechnical investigation under the sea level.In this paper, the experimental laboratories were performed to investigate the geotechnical properties ofsoft marine soil at Chan May port, Vietnam. The field investigation results indicate that the thickness ofsoft soil varies from a few meters to more than ten meters. Soft soil has a high value of water content,void ratio, and compressibility and a low value of shear strength. The compression index has a goodrelationship with water content, liquid limit, and dry unit weight. The unit weight, shear strength, and preconsolidationpressure increase with the increase of depth. These results show that the soil in the studyarea is unfavorable for construction activities.

scholarly journals STUDI SIFAT MEKANIS TANAH MERAH DENGAN PENGUJIAN TRIAKSIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Redaksi Tim Jurnal
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Triaxial Apparatus

Characteristics soft soil can cause instability and long-term degradation problems. This is because the soil has a low shear strength value and high compressibility. One type of soil belonging to the soft soil type is soft clay soil. Red soil belongs to the soft clay soil type. Therefore, the purpose of this research to determines the parameters of the shear strength of red soil in the area of Pakjo City Palembang, South Sumatra Province. The equipment had been used to obtain parameters of mechanical properties of red soil was using Triaxial apparatus. The results of the red soil properties index include: water content value (□ 27.70%, specific gravity value (Gs) 2.67, liquid limit value (LL) 66.00%, value of plastic limit of 25.13% and index value (IP) of 40.87% Classification of soil CH (USCS) and A-7-6 (AASHTO). The result of the Triaxial tests was the value of cohesion (c): 16.25-18, 15 kPa, and internal friction (□): 13.50-14.75⁰. The result of shear strength (□) : 17.68-24.02 kPa. The shear strength value of red soil indicates soil which includes soft soil (12.5-25 kPa).

Influence of Soft Clay on Slope Stability

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 463-467
Author(s):  
Zuhayr Md Ghazaly ◽  
Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim ◽  
Nur Fitriah Isa ◽  
Liyana Ahmad Sofri ◽  
Muhammad Azizi Azizan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Time Range ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Major Disaster

Slope stability is very important on designing a safe slope. If this were to be taken lightly by the engineer, major disaster will occur that results in lost of lives. Each engineer is responsible to evaluate all aspects of design, especially when designing a slope gradient on the surface of soft clay. Soft clay containing high water content and if not planned properly, water from the soft clay will seep into the slope and causes reduction in soil strength. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of water absorption of soft clay on the stability of the slope. The objectives of this study were to analyze the soil strength when the soil were soaked in water to a set of different time range and to analyze slope stability on soft clay based on the infiltration of water from underground using PLAXIS software. In this study, soil samples were taken and laboratory experiments were carried out to obtain the unit weight, cohesion, and friction angle of the soil samples. The experiments involved were grain size analysis test and unconfined compression test. Data from the experiments will be used in PLAXIS software to obtain the factor of safety.

Experimental Research of Soft Soil Ground Treatment in Yangpu Port by Static-Dynamic Drainage Consolidation

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
Yong Kang Yang ◽  
Wu Yang ◽  
Chun Yan Feng
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Water ◽  
Surface Settlement ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Ground Treatment

Yangpu Port has inhomogeneous soft soil with the properties of high water content, high void ratio, high compressibility and low shear strength. Based on soft soil ground treatment engineering practice, the geological characteristics are summarized, the ground treatment methods are comparatively analyzed, static-dynamic drainage consolidation method is chosen to treat the soft soil ground, the reinforcing mechanism of vertical and horizontal drainage system are discussed, the design of drainage system, preloading and dynamic consolidation are researched and the surface settlement monitoring, pore water pressure monitoring, side piling displacement monitoring, laboratory soil test and plate loading tests are carried out. The results show that average surface settlement is 1170.8 mm, the physical and mechanical properties of soft soil are improved and the characteristic value of foundation bearing capacity is greater than 120kPa.

A Discussion of the Stability of Foundation Pit or Slope with Soft Interlayer or with Back Berm

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
Hai Ying Hu ◽  
Xiao Wen Zhou ◽  
Zhi Xing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Sliding Surface ◽  
Foundation Pit ◽  
Soft Interlayer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Slice Method

The soft soil in Pearl River Delta regions is characterized with high water content, high compressibility and low bearing capacity. Therefore, when building the structures on such foundation, it’s necessary to pay attention to the deformation and stability. The projects' practice shows that, when analyzing the stability on foundation pit or slope with soft interlayer, it should not only calculate the overall stability of the slope, but also calculate the stability or bearing capacity of the foundation. Although sometimes the stability of the slope meets the requirements, it doesn’t means that the bearing capacity of the foundation meets the requirements because of the existence soft interlayer, the limitations of the circle slice method and the difference between the sliding surface and the actual sliding surface.

Experimental Study on Structural Properties Influencing on Shear Strength of Soft Clay

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 2487-2490
Author(s):  
Jiang Feng Wang ◽  
Yong Le Li ◽  
Yan Bin Gao ◽  
Yong Xiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Internal Friction Angle ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Direct Shear Tests ◽  
Reconstituted Soil

The direct shear tests were conducted with undisturbed and reconstituted soft clay, then the structural influence on shear strength was studied, and the laws were got. No matter shear strength of slow shear or consolidated quick shear on undisturbed and reconstituted soil have not peak values, strength line of reconstituted soil is a slash, but the shear strength line of undisturbed soil is obviously a broken line. The internal friction angle of undisturbed and reconstituted soil is basically the same. There are good linear relationship between internal friction angle and plastic index of clayey soil. The amplitude of internal friction angle of reconstituted soil decreasing with plastic index increasing is less than that of undisturbed soil. From wf-lgp curve can be seen, with the increasing of vertical stress, water content of shear failure decrease gradually, and linear correlation of each curve is very good.

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