scholarly journals The role of public health in addressing child maltreatment in Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Jack
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Short And Long Term

Child maltreatment is a significant health and social issue given its prevalence across the general population and the significant short- and long-term outcomes associated with maltreatment in childhood. There is a need for a comprehensive, collaborative and multisectoral approach for identification, prevention and intervention of this complex issue. Within this multisectoral collaboration, it is essential for public health in Canada to define its role in addressing and preventing child maltreatment. This commentary summarizes how public health can address the issue of child maltreatment in Canada by specifically: 1) measuring the magnitude of maltreatment through public health surveillance systems such as the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect; 2) identifying modifiable risk factors; 3) identifying and evaluating community-based interventions to prevent violence; and 4) implementing evidence-based primary prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Current Role of Surgery in Pancreatic Cancer With Synchronous Liver Metastasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 107327482097659
Author(s):  
Wentao Zhou ◽  
Dansong Wang ◽  
Wenhui Lou
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Liver Metastasis ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Synchronous Liver Metastasis ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Current Guidelines

Pancreatic cancer with synchronous liver metastasis has an extremely poor prognosis, and surgery is not recommended for such patients by the current guidelines. However, an increasing body of studies have shown that concurrent resection of pancreatic cancer and liver metastasis is not only technically feasible but also beneficial to the survival in the selected patients. In this review, we aim to summarize the short- and long-term outcomes following synchronous liver metastasectomy for pancreatic cancer patients, and discuss the potential criteria in selecting appropriate surgical candidates, which might be helpful in clinical decision-making.

scholarly journals Diabetes in Pregnancy and MicroRNAs: Promises and Limitations in Their Clinical Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Ibarra ◽  
Begoña Vega-Guedes ◽  
Yeray Brito-Casillas ◽  
Ana Wägner
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Short And Long Term

Maternal diabetes is associated with an increased risk of complications for the mother and her offspring. The latter have an increased risk of foetal macrosomia, hypoglycaemia, respiratory distress syndrome, preterm delivery, malformations and mortality but also of life-long development of obesity and diabetes. Epigenetics have been proposed as an explanation for this long-term risk, and microRNAs (miRNAs) may play a role, both in short- and long-term outcomes. Gestation is associated with increasing maternal insulin resistance, as well as β-cell expansion, to account for the increased insulin needs and studies performed in pregnant rats support a role of miRNAs in this expansion. Furthermore, several miRNAs are involved in pancreatic embryonic development. On the other hand, maternal diabetes is associated with changes in miRNA both in maternal and in foetal tissues. This review aims to summarise the existing knowledge on miRNAs in gestational and pre-gestational diabetes, both as diagnostic biomarkers and as mechanistic players, in the development of gestational diabetes itself and also of short- and long-term complications for the mother and her offspring.

Association of lipoprotein(a) level with short- and long-term outcomes after CABG: The role of lipoprotein apheresis

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marat V. Ezhov ◽  
Olga I. Afanasieva ◽  
Larisa N. Il'ina ◽  
Maya S. Safarova ◽  
Irina Yu. Adamova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Lipoprotein Apheresis ◽  
Short And Long Term

The Feeding Access Consult

2019 ◽  
pp. 284-292
Author(s):  
Christine Toevs
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Medicine ◽  
Feeding Tube ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Goals Of Care ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Feeding Tube Placement

The feeding access consult is often the bane of every surgeon. We are either a technician or someone who delays the discharge for a goals-of-care discussion. This chapter gives the surgeon the resources necessary to understand when a feeding tube may be beneficial for the patient and when it is not indicated. This chapter reviews the complications of feeding tube placement and its role in dementia and cancer. This chapter also discusses comfort feeds, financial costs, and the role of palliative medicine in the feeding access consult. The information presented is useful for the surgeon for understanding the short- and long-term outcomes of placement of a feeding tube and guiding discussions with colleagues, patients, and families about the realities of feeding access.

Prediction of ventilator-associated pneumonia outcomes according to the early microbiological response: a retrospective observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 2100620
Author(s):  
Adrian Ceccato ◽  
Cristina Dominedò ◽  
Miquel Ferrer ◽  
Ignacio Martin-Loeches ◽  
Enric Barbeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Microbiological Criteria ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Current Guidelines

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a leading infectious cause of morbidity in critically ill patients; yet current guidelines offer no indications for follow-up cultures.We aimed to evaluate the role of follow-up cultures and microbiological response 3 days after diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia as predictors of short- and long-term outcomes.We performed a retrospective analysis of a cohort prospectively collected from 2004 to 2017. Ventilator-associated pneumonia was diagnosed based on clinical, radiographic, and microbiological criteria. For microbiological identification, a tracheobronchial aspirate was performed at diagnosis and repeated after 72 h. We defined three groups when comparing the two tracheobronchial aspirate results: persistence, superinfection, and eradication of causative pathogens.One-hundred-fifty-seven patients were enrolled in the study, among whom microbiological persistence, superinfection, and eradication was present in 67 (48%), 25 (16%), and 65 (41%), respectively, after 72hs. Those with superinfection had the highest mortalities in the intensive care unit (p=0.015) and at 90 days (p=0.036), while also having the fewest ventilation-free days (p=0.024). Multivariable analysis revealed shock at VAP diagnosis (odds ratios [OR] 3.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25 to 9.40), Staphylococcus aureus isolation at VAP diagnosis (OR 2.87; 95%CI 1.06 to 7.75), and hypothermia at VAP diagnosis (OR 0.67; 95%CI 0.48 to 0.95, per +1°C) to be associated with superinfection.Our retrospective analysis suggests that ventilator-associated pneumonia short-term and long-term outcomes may be associated with superinfection in follow-up cultures. Follow-up cultures may help guiding antibiotic therapy and its duration. Further prospective studies are necessary to verify our findings.

scholarly journals Role of gut microbiota-immunity axis in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer: Focus on short and long-term outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 2498-2513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilenia Bartolini ◽  
Matteo Risaliti ◽  
Maria Novella Ringressi ◽  
Filippo Melli ◽  
Giulia Nannini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Short And Long Term
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