scholarly journals Influence of Fluid Replacement on Short-Term Recovery and Subsequent Exercise Performance

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Stephen H. S. WONG
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Volume Of Fluid ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vigorous Exercise

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Rapid fluid replacement and replenishment of muscle glycogen after prolonged exercise are vital for optimal substrate provision, cardiovascular function, and thermoregulation during subsequent bouts of vigorous exercise on the same day. This paper reviews recent work relating to the effects of rehydration with carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions during a short-term recovery period on hydration status, physiological responses, and subsequent endurance capacity. Issues investigated and discussed were drinking patterns, amount of carbohydrate (CHO) consumed, and the volume of fluid ingested. The data are presented as a series of summaries of experiments, followed by a discussion of the implications. The main findings of the studies reported suggest that in order to achieve euhydration during short-term recovery, a volume of fluid substantially larger than that lost must be ingested. The provision of additional CHO would be expected to restore the body's CHO stores to a greater extent than a smaller amount of CHO during the recovery and, thereby, improve the subsequent endurance capacity. However, this was not the case. It appears that the ingestion of large amounts of CHO, during a short recovery period, resulted in disturbances in fat and CHO metabolism which prevented an improvement in endurance capacity during subsequent exercise, after consumption of the additional CHO.運動後迅速補充水份及恢復肌肉內的糖元對同日要進行的激烈運動十分重要，因爲能量代謝、心肺功能及體溫調節也以此爲基礎。本文主要綜述最近有關此課題之研究，旨在探討在含有碳水化合物及電解質之飮品影響下，體內水份所作出之調節、各項生理變化及恢復後之運動能力。研究結果顯示，若要在短時間之恢復期內重新達至水份平衡，人體有需要攝取比在運動時所失去之水份爲多之液體。在此短暫恢復期間，若攝取大量的碳水化合物將會引致能量代謝出現不正常的反應，並會影響隨後的運動能力。

scholarly journals The Utility of Thirst as a Measure of Hydration Status Following Exercise-Induced Dehydration

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2689 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Adams ◽  
Lesley W. Vandermark ◽  
Luke N. Belval ◽  
Douglas J. Casa
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Exercise Induced

The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of thirst as a marker of hydration status following prolonged exercise in the heat. Twelve men (mean ± SD; age, 23 ± 4 y; body mass, 81.4 ± 9.9 kg; height, 182 ± 9 cm; body fat, 14.3% ± 4.7%) completed two 180 min bouts of exercise on a motorized treadmill in a hot environment (35.2 ± 0.6 °C; RH, 30.0 ± 5.4%), followed by a 60 min recovery period. Participants completed a euhydrated (EUH) and hypohydrated (HYPO) trial. During recovery, participants were randomly assigned to either fluid replacement (EUHFL and HYPOFL; 10 min ad libitum consumption) or no fluid replacement (EUHNF and HYPONF). Thirst was measured using both a nine-point scale and separate visual analog scales. The percent of body mass loss (%BML) was significantly greater immediately post exercise in HYPO (HYPOFL, 3.0% ± 1.2%; HYPONF, 2.6% ± 0.6%) compared to EUH (EUHFL, 0.2% ± 0.7%; EUHNF, 0.6% ± 0.5%) trials (p < 0.001). Following recovery, there were no differences in %BML between HYPOFL and HYPONF (p > 0.05) or between EUHFL and EUHNF (p > 0.05). Beginning at minute 5 during the recovery period, thirst perception was significantly greater in HYPONF than EUHFL, EUHNF, and HYPOFL (p < 0.05). A 10 min, ad libitum consumption of fluid post exercise when hypohydrated (%BML > 2%), negated differences in perception of thirst between euhydrated and hypohydrated trials. These results represent a limitation in the utility of thirst in guiding hydration practices.

scholarly journals Recovery from vigorous exercise of short duration

1926 ◽  
Vol 100 (705) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Oxygen Debt ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Similar Nature ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Average Figure ◽  
Degree Of Recovery

In the experiments described below an endeavour has been made ( a ) to follow the course of recovery from vigorous exercise of short duration, ( b ) to determine whether it be possible to arrive at some average figure which adequately represents the degree of recovery of different subjects at any time after the end of exercise, and ( c ) to investigate the magnitude and direction of any alteration that may occur in the basal metabolism as a result of the muscular work performed. Attention was confined to exercise such as described above, as sufficient data are available in the previous work of A. V. Hill for following the course of the recovery process after prolonged exercise of a similar nature. Procedure . The object of the experiments was to determine the total amount of oxygen used during successive time-periods from the end of exercise, i . e ., to follow the rate at which the oxygen debt incurred in the exercise was “ paid off ” during the recovery period. Procedure . The object of the experiments was to determine the total amount of oxygen used during successive time-periods from the end of exercise, i. e ., to follow the rate at which the oxygen debt incurred in the exercise was “paid off” during the recovery period.

Improved endurance capacity following chocolate milk consumption compared with 2 commercially available sport drinks

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Thomas ◽  
Penelope Morris ◽  
Emma Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Chocolate Milk ◽  
Experimental Trials

This study examined the effects of 3 recovery drinks on endurance performance following glycogen-depleting exercise. Nine trained male cyclists performed 3 experimental trials, in a randomized counter-balanced order, consisting of a glycogen-depleting trial, a 4-h recovery period, and a cycle to exhaustion at 70% power at maximal oxygen uptake. At 0 and 2 h into the recovery period, participants consumed chocolate milk (CM), a carbohydrate replacement drink (CR), or a fluid replacement drink (FR). Participants cycled 51% and 43% longer after ingesting CM (32 ± 11 min) than after ingesting CR (21 ± 8 min) or FR (23 ± 8 min). CM is an effective recovery aid after prolonged endurance exercise for subsequent exercise at low-moderate intensities.

Recovery ability of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after a short-term exposure to terbuthylazine

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mikulikova ◽  
H. Modra ◽  
J. Blahova ◽  
K. Kruzikova´ ◽  
P. Marsalek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

Abstract Effects of a high terbuthylazine concentration (3.3 mg/l) on Cyprinus carpio were studied using a commercial herbicide formulation Click 500 SC (terbuthylazine 500 g/l). The fish were exposed to the pesticide for 24 h and allowed to recover for 6 days. Biometric parameters, plasma biochemical parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress as well as histopathological changes in selected tissues were assessed on day 1 and 7. After a 24-h exposure, there were significant alterations found in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as well as in the plasma concentrations of glucose, natrium, chlorides, calcium and phosphorus. Hepatosomatic index, plasma albumin and lactate reflected the treatment with a delay. Ion levels and ALT were found to be restored after a 6-day recovery period, which was too short for AST activity and glucose to diminish to the control levels. The histopathological examination revealed disorders in the gills of the exposed fish, however, the changes were not detected after a 6-day recovery period. The study shows high regeneration potential of the fish.

Methods of Hydration in Palliative Care Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Steiner ◽  
Eduardo Bruera
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Terminal Cancer ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Intravenous Hydration ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Careful Assessment

A strong and often polarized debate has taken place during recent years concerning the consequences of dehydration in the terminally ill patient. When a patient has a severely restricted oral intake or is found to be dehydrated, the decision to administer fluids should be individualized and made on the basis of a careful assessment that considers problems related to dehydration, potential risks and benefits of fluid replacement, and patients’ and families’ wishes. This review discusses the assessment of hydration status in the terminal cancer patient and the options for fluid administration in the cases where evaluation of the patients’ condition has led to this indication. These include different modes of hypodermoclysis, intravenous hydration, use of the nasogastric route, and proctoclysis. Arguments for and against rehydration have been previously addressed by other authors and fall outside the scope of this review.

scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of Xylazine-Butorphanol-Guaifenesin-Ketamine as Short-Term TIVA in Equines

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanu Partap Singh Thakur ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Sharma ◽  
Arvind Sharma ◽  
Adarsh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Hepatic Toxicity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Constant Feature ◽  
Electrocardiographic Findings

Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg), guaifenesin 5% (20 mg/kg), and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg) combinations were able to induce short-term surgical anaesthesia for 23.33 ± 2.57 min in Spiti ponies with excellent to good muscle relaxation and analgesia. Urination and neighing was a constant feature during recovery period. Biphasic P wave, biphasic T wave, and depressed PR segment were common electrocardiographic findings. Biochemical attributes were within physiological limits except a significant increase in ALT values during anaesthesia. The values returned to normal during recovery ruling out any renal or hepatic toxicity. Occasionally, negative T wave, notched P wave, and sinus block were noticed. It is recommended that the anaesthetic combinations xylazine-butorphanol-guaifenesin-ketamine can be safely used for short-term total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in equines under field conditions.

Preexercise hypervolemia does not affect arterial hypoxemia in Thoroughbreds performing short-term high-intensity exercise

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2135-2144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murli Manohar ◽  
Thomas E. Goetz ◽  
Aslam S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Mixed Venous Blood ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Arterial Hypoxemia

It is reported that preexercise hyperhydration caused arterial O2 tension of horses performing submaximal exercise to decrease further by 15 Torr (Sosa-Leon L, Hodgson DR, Evans DL, Ray SP, Carlson GP, and Rose RJ. Equine Vet J Suppl 34: 425–429, 2002). Because hydration status is important to optimal athletic performance and thermoregulation during exercise, the present study examined whether preexercise induction of hypervolemia would similarly accentuate the arterial hypoxemia in Thoroughbreds performing short-term high-intensity exercise. Two sets of experiments (namely, control and hypervolemia studies) were carried out on seven healthy, exercise-trained Thoroughbred horses in random order, 7 days apart. In resting horses, an 18.0 ± 1.8% increase in plasma volume was induced with NaCl (0.30–0.45 g/kg dissolved in 1,500 ml H2O) administered via a nasogastric tube, 285–290 min preexercise. Blood-gas and pH measurements as well as concentrations of plasma protein, hemoglobin, and blood lactate were determined at rest and during incremental exercise leading to maximal exertion (14 m/s on a 3.5% uphill grade) that induced pulmonary hemorrhage in all horses in both treatments. In both treatments, significant arterial hypoxemia, desaturation of hemoglobin, hypercapnia, acidosis, and hyperthermia developed during maximal exercise, but statistically significant differences between treatments were not found. Thus preexercise 18% expansion of plasma volume failed to significantly affect the development and/or severity of arterial hypoxemia in Thoroughbreds performing maximal exercise. Although blood lactate concentration and arterial pH were unaffected, hemodilution caused in this manner resulted in a significant ( P < 0.01) attenuation of the exercise-induced expansion of the arterial-to-mixed venous blood O2 content gradient.

scholarly journals Metabolic effects of CO 2 anaesthesia in Drosophila melanogaster

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Colinet ◽  
D. Renault
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Metabolic Variation ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
Entomological Research

Immobilization of insects is necessary for various experimental purposes, and CO 2 exposure remains the most popular anaesthetic method in entomological research. A number of negative side effects of CO 2 anaesthesia have been reported, but CO 2 probably brings about metabolic modifications that are poorly known. In this work, we used GC/MS-based metabolic fingerprinting to assess the effect of CO 2 anaesthesia in Drosophila melanogaster adults. We analysed metabolic variation of flies submitted to acute CO 2 exposure and assessed the temporal metabolic changes during short- and long-term recovery. We found that D. melanogaster metabotypes were significantly affected by the anaesthetic treatment. Metabolic changes caused by acute CO 2 exposure were still manifested after 14 h of recovery. However, we found no evidence of metabolic alterations when a long recovery period was allowed (more than 24 h). This study points to some metabolic pathways altered during CO 2 anaesthesia (e.g. energetic metabolism). Evidence of short-term metabolic changes indicates that CO 2 anaesthesia should be used with utmost caution in physiological studies when a short recovery is allowed. In spite of this, CO 2 treatment seems to be an acceptable anaesthetic method provided that a long recovery period is allowed (more than 24 h).

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