scholarly journals MANTAINING BAHASA ANGKOLA BY ITS SPEAKERS AT LANGGAR COMMUNITY IN KOTA MEDAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Armita Novriana Rambe
Keyword(s):  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Family Language Policy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Family Language ◽  
Wedding Ceremony ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

The aims of this study was to investigate the strategies of Angkolanese maintain Bahasa Angkola at Langgar Community in Kota Medan. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this study were the utterances of Angkolanese speakers. There were 20 participants of this research. The data were collected through observation, questionnaire and interview. The result of this study revealed that: There were three factors that affecting language maintenance proposed by Fishman (1991) in this study namely family language policy, Using Angkola language in their daily communication frequently, and using Angkola language in cultural activity like in wedding ceremony. The using of these strategies can be applied to the first and second generation. Meanwhile the third generation found the difficulties when facing the strategies. They tend to use bahasa Indonesia in their daily life because most of their time are spending at school and they are not aware of the cultural activity around them.Key words: Strategies of Language Maintenance, Bahasa Angkola, Langgar Community.  

The Maintenance of Siladang Language

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Horia Siregar ◽  
Busmin Gurning
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Family Language Policy ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Vitality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Family Language ◽  
Wedding Ceremony

This study observed Siladang language maintenance in Desa Sipapaga. The objectives of the study are (1) to examine the factors affecting language maintenance (2) to find out the strategies in maintaining the Siladang language and (3) to find out the reasons of the Siladang people in maintaining their language. The method of this study was descriptive qualitative research. The participants were 20 Siladang people who live in Desa Sipapaga were taken by purposive random sampling. The research results are as follows (1) There are seven factors affecting Siladang language maintenance in Desa Sipapaga such as, Ethnolinguistic vitality, living together and see each other frequently, use of language in family domain (intra and inter marriage family, use of language in neighbor domain, use of language in religion domain, use of language in workplace domain, and practice traditional ceremony, (2) In maintaining the Siladang language, the Siladang people conducted some strategies such as; family language policy, using Siladang language in their daily life frequently, the using of Siladang language in cultural activity like in wedding ceremony. (3) The reasons of the Siladang people maintain their language are; they were proud of being Siladang people and speak Siladang language, and speak Siladang language shows their identity as Siladang people.   Keywords: language maintenance, Siladang

scholarly journals MANDAILING LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE IN KELURAHAN SUDIREJO II MEDAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisma Zuri ◽  
Sumarsih Sumarsih ◽  
Edy Setia
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Family Language Policy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Family Language ◽  
Area Use ◽  
Linguistic Vitality

This study deals with Language Maintenance in Kelurahan Sudirejo II Medan. The objectives of the study are (1) to describe out the factors affecting Mandailing Languagein Kelurahan Sudirejo II Medan (2) to elaborate how Mandailingnese maintain the Mandailing Languagein Kelurahan Sudirejo II Medan, and (3) to reason for the manners or way by which they maintain Mandailing Languagein Kelurahan Sudirejo II Medan. The method of this study was descriptive qualitative research. The participants were twenty Mandailing people who live in Kelurahan Sudirejo II Medan. The data were taken from questionnaire and interview as instrument. Questionnaire was applied to collect the data about the factors affecting the Mandailing Language maintenane and strategies in maintaining ML. While the interview was applied to get data about the reason of Mandailing people maintain Mandailing Language. The data were analyzed by using Miles and Huberman matrix (1994). This research found the following results (1) There are seven factors affecting Mandailing Languagemaintenance in Kelurahan Sudirejo II Medan such as: Use of language in family (intermarriage and intermarriage), visiting homeland,  use of the language in neighborhood domain, ethno linguistic vitality, living together in an area, use of the language in religion and practice of traditional ceremony. (2) to maintain Mandailing Language, the Mandailing people in Kelurahan Sudirejo II Medan conducted strategies like: Family language policy, using Mandailing Languagein daily life, using Mandailing Languagein social meeting or religious, using Mandailing Languagein cultural activity. (3) the reasons why the Mandailing people maintain the language are: they were proud being Mandailing people and speak Mandailing language and Mandailing Languageshows their identity as Mandailing people. Keywords: Language maintenance and Mandailing.  

When X doesn’t mark the spot: the intersection of language shift, identity and family language policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (255) ◽  
pp. 133-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassie Smith-Christmas
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Family Language Policy ◽  
Scottish Gaelic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Family Language ◽  
Language Revitalisation ◽  
Isle Of Skye

Abstract This article discusses the reflexive relationship between language shift and identity in the case of Scottish Gaelic on the Isle of Skye, Scotland, demonstrating how (Fishman, Joshua A. 1991. Reversing language shift. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.) concept of X versus Y as related to language is problematic in this particular context. The article posits that in many ways, the processes by which Gaelic has been alienated from a sense of Scottish identity at the macrolevel are reproduced at the microlevel and discusses the implications of this in terms of Family Language Policy (FLP). Using a nexus analysis approach, this article focuses on a second-generation member – referred to as “Seumas” (the children’s uncle) – of three generations of a Gaelic-speaking family and discusses how, although Seumas appears to see Gaelic as part of his identity in terms of “family” and “heritage”, other identity orientations often take precedence, ostensibly contributing to his high use of English. The article discusses the possible impact that Seumas’ linguistic practices have on the third generation, as well as the double-edged sword nature of using “identity” as a tool in language revitalisation.

Minangkabau Language Maintenance by the Association of Sei Jaring Community in Medan

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yenita Uswar ◽  
Amrin Saragih ◽  
Tina Mariany Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Danger Level

The objectives of this qualitative research were (1) to identify the factors that affect the Minangkabau language (ML) maintenance in Medan, (2) to discover the parents’ efforts in maintaining ML in Medan and (3) to find out the reason why the speakers have to maintain ML. The souree of data is the nembers of the Association of Sei Jaring Community (Ikatan Warga Sei Jaring: IWS) in Medan. The sample was 10 families including 10 parents and their children. The instruments of this study are a questionnaire and an interview. The questionnaire was used to answer the factors affected the maintenance of ML and how factors affected the maintenance of ML. The interview was used to discover the influence why Minangkabau’s people have to maintain ML. There are four factors in ML maintenance, the parents’ role, the role of family, the intramarriage and homeland visits. After distributing questionnaire and did some interviews it is found that IWS especially for the third generation (children) has the danger level in ML when they communicate to each other. Meanwhile, the data analysis also shows that both fathers and mothers communicate to each other with ML. This condition occurred because of the influence of the environment. Parents have to keep communication and teaching Minangkabau language continuously to their children. so, the young generation can keep the existence of ML for their future. Keywords: Minangkabau Language Maintenance, parents’ efforts, the young generation.

Some Determinants of Individual Differences in the Behaviour of Children of Parentally Deprived Parents

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Sigal ◽  
Jana Meislova ◽  
Joseph Beltempo ◽  
Daniel Silver
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Survey Instrument ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Marital Problems ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
The Third ◽  
Parental Background ◽  
Children’S Behaviour ◽  
First And Second Generation

Parents who had been placed in an orphanage as children rated the behaviour of all their children who were between the ages of 6–18 years on a children's behaviour survey instrument. All families were intact and the parents had not requested professional help for marital problems. A significant number of relationships were found between parental background variables and higher reported levels of conflict with siblings and with parents, dependent-unassertive behaviour, and undemandingness in the children. Although sampling difficulties preclude generalization, the results suggest that repercussion of events in the lives of the first and second generation that are usually pathogenic may be seen in the third generation, even when the second generation may not be grossly adversely affected. These events most frequently related to individual differences in the third generation in the area of undercontrol of aggression directed toward parents and siblings.

scholarly journals Socialization of Language Through Family Language Policy: A Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orly Kayam ◽  
Tijana Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Family Language Policy ◽  
Heritage Languages ◽  
Heritage Language Maintenance ◽  
Family Language ◽  
English Dominant

Abstract Challenges of heritage language maintenance and benefits of bilingualism have been widely acknowledged. Heritage language maintenance research most oft en focuses on heritage languages in English-dominant societies. This paper presents a case study on family language policy experiences, strategies, and outcomes led by an American-born mother in her effort to maintain and promote English, her heritage language, within the home in the Hebrew-dominant environment in Israel

The Cephalosporin Antibiotic Agents—I. Considered as a Group

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 493-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Donald Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
General Information ◽  
Effective Drug ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Cephalosporin Antibiotic ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Antibiotic Agents

This review of the cephalosporin antibiotic family will appear in three parts. The first part will provide general information on the cephalosporins as a class, highlighting the history, chemistry, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and the segregation of these agents into “generations.” The second segment will discuss the antimicrobial spectra of activity of the first- and second-generation agents, while the last article will focus on the third-generation and investigational cephalosporins under evaluation.Despite a confusing, and somewhat overwhelming array of cephalosporin antimicrobial agents presently available to the clinician, more are on the way. Since 1962 and the introduction of cephalothin, the first agent in this family, there has been a constant parade of new cephalosporins from various pharmaceutical manufacturers. Drug manufacturers are attempting to develop a more effective drug with attractive pharmacokinetic features and less toxicity by modifying the basic cephalosporin molecule.

scholarly journals Edu Sociata Interferensi Bahasa Bima Dalam Komunikasi Bahasa Indonesia di Kelas IX SMPN 1 Sape Kabupaten Bima

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Arifuddin Arifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Oral Language ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Grade Students ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This research concerns with the interference of Bimanese language to Indonesian language communicated by the third grade students of SMPN I Sape Kabupaten Bima. The data is oral language which is spoken by the students and teachers whose their mother language is Bimanese. The result of the research shows that there are three types of the interference which are occurred school: phonological, morphological, semantic and syintax interferences. The interference of Bimanese is not occurred consciously, but it is occurred because there is an effect from daily life so that the element of Bimanese words or sentences is still carried in the communication at the school.

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