The Maintenance of Siladang Language

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Horia Siregar ◽  
Busmin Gurning
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Family Language Policy ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Vitality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Family Language ◽  
Wedding Ceremony

This study observed Siladang language maintenance in Desa Sipapaga. The objectives of the study are (1) to examine the factors affecting language maintenance (2) to find out the strategies in maintaining the Siladang language and (3) to find out the reasons of the Siladang people in maintaining their language. The method of this study was descriptive qualitative research. The participants were 20 Siladang people who live in Desa Sipapaga were taken by purposive random sampling. The research results are as follows (1) There are seven factors affecting Siladang language maintenance in Desa Sipapaga such as, Ethnolinguistic vitality, living together and see each other frequently, use of language in family domain (intra and inter marriage family, use of language in neighbor domain, use of language in religion domain, use of language in workplace domain, and practice traditional ceremony, (2) In maintaining the Siladang language, the Siladang people conducted some strategies such as; family language policy, using Siladang language in their daily life frequently, the using of Siladang language in cultural activity like in wedding ceremony. (3) The reasons of the Siladang people maintain their language are; they were proud of being Siladang people and speak Siladang language, and speak Siladang language shows their identity as Siladang people.   Keywords: language maintenance, Siladang

scholarly journals MANDAILING LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE IN KELURAHAN SUDIREJO II MEDAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisma Zuri ◽  
Sumarsih Sumarsih ◽  
Edy Setia
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Family Language Policy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Family Language ◽  
Area Use ◽  
Linguistic Vitality

This study deals with Language Maintenance in Kelurahan Sudirejo II Medan. The objectives of the study are (1) to describe out the factors affecting Mandailing Languagein Kelurahan Sudirejo II Medan (2) to elaborate how Mandailingnese maintain the Mandailing Languagein Kelurahan Sudirejo II Medan, and (3) to reason for the manners or way by which they maintain Mandailing Languagein Kelurahan Sudirejo II Medan. The method of this study was descriptive qualitative research. The participants were twenty Mandailing people who live in Kelurahan Sudirejo II Medan. The data were taken from questionnaire and interview as instrument. Questionnaire was applied to collect the data about the factors affecting the Mandailing Language maintenane and strategies in maintaining ML. While the interview was applied to get data about the reason of Mandailing people maintain Mandailing Language. The data were analyzed by using Miles and Huberman matrix (1994). This research found the following results (1) There are seven factors affecting Mandailing Languagemaintenance in Kelurahan Sudirejo II Medan such as: Use of language in family (intermarriage and intermarriage), visiting homeland,  use of the language in neighborhood domain, ethno linguistic vitality, living together in an area, use of the language in religion and practice of traditional ceremony. (2) to maintain Mandailing Language, the Mandailing people in Kelurahan Sudirejo II Medan conducted strategies like: Family language policy, using Mandailing Languagein daily life, using Mandailing Languagein social meeting or religious, using Mandailing Languagein cultural activity. (3) the reasons why the Mandailing people maintain the language are: they were proud being Mandailing people and speak Mandailing language and Mandailing Languageshows their identity as Mandailing people. Keywords: Language maintenance and Mandailing.  

scholarly journals MANTAINING BAHASA ANGKOLA BY ITS SPEAKERS AT LANGGAR COMMUNITY IN KOTA MEDAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Armita Novriana Rambe
Keyword(s):  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Family Language Policy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Family Language ◽  
Wedding Ceremony ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

The aims of this study was to investigate the strategies of Angkolanese maintain Bahasa Angkola at Langgar Community in Kota Medan. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this study were the utterances of Angkolanese speakers. There were 20 participants of this research. The data were collected through observation, questionnaire and interview. The result of this study revealed that: There were three factors that affecting language maintenance proposed by Fishman (1991) in this study namely family language policy, Using Angkola language in their daily communication frequently, and using Angkola language in cultural activity like in wedding ceremony. The using of these strategies can be applied to the first and second generation. Meanwhile the third generation found the difficulties when facing the strategies. They tend to use bahasa Indonesia in their daily life because most of their time are spending at school and they are not aware of the cultural activity around them.Key words: Strategies of Language Maintenance, Bahasa Angkola, Langgar Community.  

scholarly journals Socialization of Language Through Family Language Policy: A Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orly Kayam ◽  
Tijana Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Family Language Policy ◽  
Heritage Languages ◽  
Heritage Language Maintenance ◽  
Family Language ◽  
English Dominant

Abstract Challenges of heritage language maintenance and benefits of bilingualism have been widely acknowledged. Heritage language maintenance research most oft en focuses on heritage languages in English-dominant societies. This paper presents a case study on family language policy experiences, strategies, and outcomes led by an American-born mother in her effort to maintain and promote English, her heritage language, within the home in the Hebrew-dominant environment in Israel

The Maintenance of Bahasa Simalungun in Kecamatan Gunung Maligas

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enni Erawati Saragih ◽  
Amrin Saragih ◽  
Sri Minda Murni
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Parent Attitudes ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
Educational Domain ◽  
Wedding Ceremony

The objective of this study is to identify levels of language endangerment of BahasaSimalungun (BS), to ascertain the domains which are needed proportionally to be managed by the speakers to maintain and to ascertain the ways can be done by the BSS in maintaining BS. This study was based on qualitative approach. Interviews and questionnaire are used as instrument of data. The data were collected by interviewing 22 Simalungunese comprising of second and first generation. The data were analyzed with reference to the theory six levels of language endangerment by UNESCO and Language Use domain by Fishman.The findings showed (1) BS is in the stage of risk up to nearly extinct, this was caused by intermarriage, residence in non Simalungun family and parent attitudes,(2) BS needs to be proportionally managed because most of them are shy to learn and use BS in their daily life, and (3) 20 options offered to maintain BS and18 options were agreed by using BS in wedding ceremony (family domain), using BS in IKEIS (friendship domain), using BS in Perwiritan (religion domain), learn BS as Mulok (educational domain), and using BS in selling and buying activity (employment domain). Key words: Language maintenance; Language endangerment.

Family language policy by Hakkas in Balik Pulau, Penang

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (244) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Xiaomei
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Language Management ◽  
Family Language Policy ◽  
International Language ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Language

AbstractFamily domain is crucial for language maintenance. It is also a critical avenue for children’s language acquisition. In Spolsky’s language management theory, family is one of the key domains for language management. In this study, we focus on family language management in Hakka families in Balik Pulau, Penang. Structured-interviews were conducted in November 2012. In total, 14 Hakka families were interviewed. In each family, one parent and one child were interviewed. This article examines family language policy from three perspectives: ideology, practice, and management. The results show that Hakkas in Penang give great importance to Mandarin and almost abandon Hakka in the family domain. However, they still have strong Hakka identity and some parents have restarted to speak Hakka with their children consciously. Multilingual capacity is a common expectation from parents. With multilingual input in the family domain, most of the children become passive bilinguals or multilinguals. The regional prestige dialect Hokkien is part of the repertoire of these Hakka families. However, there are no intentional efforts from the parents to teach Hokkien to their children. Conscious language management is only found for Mandarin and sometimes for English. This results from the parents’ language ideology that Mandarin is the most important language for Chinese Malaysians and English is an international language for their children’s future career. Findings from the current study contribute to the understanding of language maintenance and language shift in general.

scholarly journals A deliberate language policy or a perceived lack of agency: Heritage language maintenance in the Polish community in Melbourne

2021 ◽  
pp. 136700692110008
Author(s):  
Piotr Romanowski
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
Family Language Policy ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Heritage Language Maintenance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Family Language

Aims: By applying the tripartite framework of family language policy, this study seeks to gain insight into heritage language maintenance of Polish families in Melbourne. To this end, an integrative investigation of family language policy encapsulating the heritage language perceptions, practices and management will be employed. Methodology: Based on the data collected through the online questionnaire supplemented with in-depth interviews, quantitative and qualitative analyses have been conducted to obtain a sociolinguistic picture of the convoluted dependencies. Data and analysis: The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded according to the grounded theory approach. The recurrent themes were noted. The existing social patterns were conceptualised through the process of constant comparison. The excerpts selected for analysis illustrate how critical have been the informants’ beliefs and practices concerning heritage language maintenance. Findings and conclusions: The data analyses of the researched families disclose a wide range of practices where certain discrepancies are observed between declarations and the actual language behaviours. It also emerges that without parents’ reinforcement and establishing the heritage language as a default means of communication at home, children suffer from lower productive skills. Originality: This paper delves into how Polish is maintained as a heritage language by the second generation of Polish-speaking immigrants. It explores the Polish community, one of the well-established yet understudied groups that make up multicultural Australia. It unfolds an account of the dynamics of family language policy, illustrating how they are constantly negotiated, contested and formed by parents. Significance/implications: The findings contribute to the ongoing discussion of language policies and heritage language maintenance by demonstrating that the hardship and distress resulting from heritage language acquisition as well as language maintenance are incumbent primarily on family language policy. The researched group is an average-size immigrant community situated in the context with limited institutional support resolving down to Polish Saturday schools.

scholarly journals Family Language Policy, Language Maintenance and Language Shift: Perspectives from Ethnic Chinese Single Mothers in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Teresa Wai See Ong
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Family Language Policy ◽  
Heritage Languages ◽  
Ethnic Chinese ◽  
Family Language

Family language policy comprises three components, namely, ideology, practice, and management. Using the conceptual framework of family language policy, this study draws on data from semi-structured interviews and participant observation to explore the role of mothers in the process of language maintenance and language shift in Malaysia. First, it investigates the language choices and ideologies of four Chinese single mothers from Penang that lead to speaking heritage languages and/or dominant languages with their children. Second, it examines the strategies for heritage culture maintenance adopted by these mothers. The study found that two of the mothers speak Chinese heritage languages with their children to reinforce emotional attachment and family cohesion. Conversely, two other mothers face socioeconomic and educational pressures in relation to maintaining Chinese heritage languages, which trigger a shift to using dominant languages such as Mandarin Chinese and English with their children. Nevertheless, all four mothers made efforts in exposing their children to ethnic Chinese cultures. The findings indicate that maintaining heritage languages in the current era has become a challenge for many families in Malaysia while speaking dominant languages is becoming a necessity.

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