antibiotic agents
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2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13212
Author(s):  
Marco G. Drexelius ◽  
Ines Neundorf

Biofilm formation and inflammations are number one reasons of implant failure and cause a severe number of postoperative complications every year. To functionalize implant surfaces with antibiotic agents provides perspectives to minimize and/or prevent bacterial adhesion and proliferation. In recent years, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) have been evolved as promising alternatives to commonly used antibiotics, and have been seen as potent candidates for antimicrobial surface coatings. This review aims to summarize recent developments in this field and to highlight examples of the most common techniques used for preparing such AMP-based medical devices. We will report on three different ways to pursue peptide coatings, using either binding sequences (primary approach), linker layers (secondary approach), or loading in matrixes which offer a defined release (tertiary approach). All of them will be discussed in the light of current research in this area.


2021 ◽  
pp. 118524
Author(s):  
Shaojing Sun ◽  
Jimin Shen ◽  
Dongmei Li ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Xiazhong Sun ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Dennis Nurjadi ◽  
Quan Chanthalangsy ◽  
Elfi Zizmann ◽  
Vanessa Stuermer ◽  
Maximilian Moll ◽  
...  

Staphylococcus aureus is one of most important pathogens in clinical medicine. Besides its virulence, the acquisition or emergence of resistance toward antibiotic agents, in particular to beta-lactam antibiotics (methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]), poses a major therapeutic challenge.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Kane ◽  
Kevin T. Lynch ◽  
Taryn E. Hassinger ◽  
Sook C. Hoang ◽  
Charles M. Friel ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Mesbah ◽  
Zohreh Mashak ◽  
Zohreh Abdolmaleki

Abstract Background Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria are considered among the major causes of foodborne diseases. This survey aims to assess genotypic and phenotypic profiles of antibiotic resistance in S. aureus bacteria isolated from ready-to-eat food samples. Methods According to the previously reported prevalence of S. aureus in ready-to-eat food samples, a total of 415 ready-to-eat food samples were collected from Tehran province, Iran. S. aureus bacteria were identified using culture and biochemical tests. Besides, the phenotypic antibiotic resistance profile was determined by disk diffusion. In addition, the genotypic pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined using the PCR. Results A total of 64 out of 415 (15.42%) ready-to-eat food samples were contaminated with S. aureus. Grilled mushrooms and salad olivieh harbored the highest contamination rate of (30%), while salami samples harbored the lowest contamination rate of 3.33%. In addition, S. aureus bacteria harbored the highest prevalence of resistance to penicillin (85.93%), tetracycline (85.93%), gentamicin (73.43%), erythromycin (53.12%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (51.56%), and ciprofloxacin (50%). However, all isolates were resistant to at least four antibiotic agents. Accordingly, the prevalence of tetK (70.31%), blaZ (64.06%), aacA-D (57.81%), gyrA (50%), and ermA (39.06%) was higher than that of other detected antibiotic resistance genes. Besides, AacA-D + blaZ (48.43%), tetK + blaZ (46.87%), aacA-D + tetK (39.06%), aacA-D + gyrA (20.31%), and ermA + blaZ (20.31%) were the most frequently identified combined genotypic patterns of antibiotic resistance. Conclusion Ready-to-eat food samples may be sources of resistant S. aureus, which pose a hygienic threat in case of their consumption. However, further investigations are required to identify additional epidemiological features of S. aureus in ready-to-eat foods.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamato Oki ◽  
Hiromitsu Hatakeyama ◽  
Masanori Komatsu ◽  
Yasuhiro Isono ◽  
Hidetaka Ikemiyagi ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies massiliense is a non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis and was subdivided from Mycobacterium abscessus in 2006. This article is the first report on nasopharyngitis caused by Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies massiliense. Case presentation A 45-year-old woman had an 18-month history of recurrent nasopharyngitis and presented with pain in the throat. Mycobacterial tissue culture and polymerase chain reaction testing revealed the presence of Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies massiliense in the nasopharyngeal tissue. This patient underwent surgery, followed by multiple rounds of chemotherapy with oral and intravenous antibiotic agents for 16 weeks. She has had no recurrence during the 56 weeks since treatment. Conclusion It is difficult to detect the presence of Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies massiliense in a culture from the swabbing sample. The tissue culture from a biopsy specimen is mandatory for the identification of the species. Currently, no definite treatment policy is available and only empirical treatment is applied. This case is an important for the diagnosis and treatment of this bacterial infection on nasopharynx.


Author(s):  
NOFRIA RIZKI AMALIA HARAHAP ◽  
RETNOSARI ANDRAJATI ◽  
AHMAD SUBHAN

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the treatment profiles and the risk factor for clinical outcomes of confirmed coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and pneumonia patients at Fatmawati General Hospital Jakarta. Methods: This research was conducted using a cross-sectional design at Fatmawati General Hospital Jakarta. A total of 72 adults COVID-19 confirmed patients with pneumonia diagnosis from March to December 2020 were included in our study. Data were collected retrospectively by the patients’ medical record. Results: The percentage of critical or severe confirmed COVID-19 with pneumonia inpatients (66.7%) was higher than those who were having non-severe diseases (33.3%). 36 (50%) death were reported in our patient population. Patients received antiviral, antibiotics, and steroids during a treatment period. The most common antibiotic regimens were levofloxacin intravenous (IV) (18.8%) and azithromycin per oral (PO) (13.9%). Oseltamivir (83.3%) was the most frequently prescribed antiviral for the patients. A total of 41.7% of patients used steroids. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, the severity of COVID-19 disease was the only predictive factor of death in COVID-19 and pneumonia patients (p<0.001, OR=26.714, 95% confidence intervals: 5.526–129.135). Conclusion: Some drugs (antiviral, antibiotics, and steroids) have been prescribed to the confirmed COVID-19 with pneumonia patients. Oseltamivir and levofloxacin were the widely used antiviral and antibiotic agents in this study. The analysis showed that the disease severity was statistically associated with patient’s clinical outcomes. COVID-19 patients with the severe illness have a greater risk of death.


Author(s):  
Archana Loganathan ◽  
Prasanth Manohar ◽  
Kandasamy Eniyan ◽  
C. S. VinodKumar ◽  
Sebastian Leptihn ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria has created a global emergency, prompting the hunt for an alternative cure. Bacteriophages were discovered over a century ago and have proven to be a successful replacement during antibiotic treatment failure. This review discusses on the scientific investigation of phage therapy for Gram-positive pathogens and general outlook of phage therapy clinical trials and commercialization. Main body of the abstract This review aimed to highlight the phage therapy in Gram-positive bacteria and the need for phage therapy in the future. Phage therapy to treat Gram-positive bacterial infections is in use for a very long time. However, limited review on the phage efficacy in Gram-positive bacteria exists. The natural efficiency and potency of bacteriophages against bacterial strains have been advantageous amidst the other non-antibiotic agents. The use of phages to treat oral biofilm, skin infection, and recurrent infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria has emerged as a predominant research area in recent years. In addition, the upsurge in research in the area of phage therapy for spore-forming Gram-positive bacteria has added a wealth of information to phage therapy. Short conclusion We conclude that the need of phage as an alternative treatment is obvious in future. However, phage therapy can be used as reserve treatment. This review focuses on the potential use of phage therapy in treating Gram-positive bacterial infections, as well as their therapeutic aspects. Furthermore, we discussed the difficulties in commercializing phage drugs and their problems as a breakthrough medicine.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Richard Kagia ◽  
Carolyne Chepkirui ◽  
Michael Walekhwa ◽  
Teresa Ogeto ◽  
Titus Suge ◽  
...  

Pneumococcal diseases (PD) constitute a major threat to the global public health stability especially in the developing world. The risk is greater for children under 5 years, the elderly and persons living with compromised immune systems. Antibiotic agents, conjugate as well as polysaccharide vaccines have been available for several decades and have saved many lives. However, the burden of PD has consistently remained high resulting in poor quality of life and strained economic tenets. Constant resistance to available antibiotic agents and low access to vaccines constitute major setbacks to efforts meant to scale down the burden of PD. The need to explore more viable and promising options is not only urgent but also untenable. We profiled the pharmacological credentials of Moringa oleifera extracts as a possible efficacious alternative to conventional prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.  Methanol and ethanol extracts of air-dried leaves of Moringa oleifera plant were subjected to phytochemical screening to identify the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phyto-sterols, oils, and fats. A working solution of the two extracts was prepared by dissolving 20 mg & 40 mg of the extracts in 1ml of 99.9% dimethyl sulfoxide solvent. Sterilized 6 mm blank discs were loaded with 20ul of the final extract concentrations and incubated at 45 ºC for 20 hours. Dimethyl sulfoxide (100% DMSO) impregnated discs and 30 mcg ceftriaxone antibiotics were used as negative and positive controls respectively. Colon morphology on gentamicin blood agar (GBA) and blood agar (BA), gram staining and optochin assay were leveraged to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae. Disk diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar was used to evaluate sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae to the subject extracts. Methanol and ethanol extracts were found to contain carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, fixed oils, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides. Both extracts were found to contain flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Ethanol & methanol extracts had lower anti-bacterial activity as compared to the 30 mcg positive control. Further exploration to reveal the anti-bacterial activity of aqueous based extracts on Streptococcus pneumoniae is strongly recommended


Author(s):  
Sneha Puri ◽  
Mahvash Fatema ◽  
Akhilesh Shewale ◽  
Rashmi Bele

Introduction: Herbal antiseptic or antibiotic agents are introduced very widely that are effective against plaque microorganisms for the healing of gingival and periodontal tissue. However, none of literature has shown antibacterial effect of coriandrum sativum, clove and mint on the levels of dental plaque when used as a mouthwash. Aim: To assess the efficacy of a newly formulated mouthwash containing Coriandrum sativum, mint and clove to reduce plaque and inflammation to maintain the oral hygiene. Methodology: Twenty systemically healthy patients were randomly allocated to either the test group [G1(coriandrm sativum, mint,clove = 10 patients)] or the control group [G2 (Placebo gel = 10 patients]. Full mouth Gingival Index (GI); Full mouth Plaque Index (PI) was evaluated at baseline and on 14 and 21st day.   Result: The mean reduction in PI from 2.28 to 0.85 and 2.13 to 1.21 was noted in the experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental group (2.21–0.76) comparatively showed better reduction in mean PBI than the control group (2.17–1.29). The results obtained were statistically significant at baseline and 14th and 21st day in all the groups. Remarkable improvement was noted from baseline to 14th and 21st day in all the groups. Conclusion: The encouraging results of our study suggest that the newly formulated mouthwash containing coriandrum Sativum, mint and clove demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties, which may be useful as an adjunctive to mechanical therapy in the prevention and treatment of gingivitis.


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