scholarly journals ANALISIS PENAWARAN BERAS PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joko Suharianto
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Asean Country ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Asean Countries

Financial inclusion programs in Asia began to intensify with focus on improving public access, especially those who have not yet enjoyed banking services. This makes financial inclusion one of the focuses of development in the financial sector in various countries, especially ASEAN, as a sound financial system can promote economic growth. This study aims to see the comparison of financial inclusion rates and see the effect of socio-economic variables on  financial inclusion in  ASEAN  countries 2010-2015. In  order  to  see  the comparison of inclusion level of finance in each ASEAN country, the Index of Financial Inclusion (IFI) method was developed by Sarma (2008), while to examine the relationship between socio-economic variables to financial inclusion, the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method was used estimation techniques in the Random Effects Model approach. The results show that in general, financial inclusion in ASEAN countries is mainly influenced by the dimension of a disorder. In addition, only per-capita GDP variables are not significant partially. While other variables, namely population over 15 years, unemployment rate, and the number of people in rural areas have a significant influence on index of financial inclusion

scholarly journals STUDI KOMPARASI TINGKAT INKLUSI KEUANGAN DI NEGARA ASEAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Raydhatul Jannah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Asean Country ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Model Approach

Financial inclusion programs in Asia began to intensify with focus on improving public access, especially those who have not yet enjoyed banking services. This makes financial inclusion one of the focuses of development in the financial sector in various countries, especially ASEAN, as a sound financial system can promote economic growth. This study aims to see the comparison of financial nclusion rates and see the effect of socio-economic variables on financial inclusion in ASEAN countries 2010-2015. In order to see the comparison of nclusion level of finance in each ASEAN country, the Index of Financial Inclusion (IFI) method was developed by Sarma (2008), while to examine the relationshipbetween socio-economic variables to financial inclusion, the Ordinary Least quare (OLS) method was used estimation techniques in the Random Effects Model approach. The results show that in general, financial inclusion in ASEAN countries is mainly influenced by the dimension of a disorder. In addition, only per-capita GDP variables are not significant partially. While other variables, namely population over 15 years, unemployment rate, and the number of people n rural areas have a significant influence on index of financial inclusion.

scholarly journals SPATIAL STATISTICS FOR SOLID WASTE GENERATION MAPPING IN TEMBALANG, SEMARANG CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Septa Yudha Ardiansyah ◽  
Maryono Maryono
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Solid Waste Generation ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

The annually increasing number of urban population will have impacts on waste generation. Tembalang Sub-district as a sub-district located on the outskirts of Semarang City has significant developments in the term of population growth in correlation with waste generation. Within four years, waste generation in the Tembalang Sub-district increased from the fifth rank to the third rank. It is possible that this sub-district will become the first rank in Semarang City in waste generation. To be able to identify influential factors and spatial distribution pattern of waste generation in Tembalang Sub-district, it is necessary to apply statistical and spatial approach. This study uses quantitative methods with a statistical spatial analysis approach by using GIS. In addition, this research also intends to model the relationships of Solid Waste Generation by applying socio-economic variables. Based on the results of Ordinary Least Square analysis, social economy variables that affect the amount of waste generation in Tembalang Sub-district are the number of population and trading activities. The model of formed socio-economic variables has the effect of 25% towards the amount of waste generation. Spatial patterns identified from waste generation shows that what needs to be considered is the waste management in TPS (Temporary Waste Disposal) in Tembalang and Sendangmulyo.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Assessment of the Rurality and an Efficiency Analysis of Emigration in Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Nicola Galluzzo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

In Romania, as in many other Eastern European countries, the early 1990s were marked by a significant emigration from the countryside as a consequence of the transition from a centralised economy to an open one and due to key changes in the political framework. The permanent emigration has predominantly been concentrated in rural areas where multiple socio-economic variables such as GDP per capita, unemployment, and public financial subsidies aimed at supporting people at risk of severe deprivation and poverty have all had a direct effect on rural depopulation. The rurality is a complex theoretical construct comprising many items and variables and is, therefore, difficult to define in a concise manner. The aim of this paper is to assess the evolution of emigration in Romania between 2001 and 2016 through a quantitative approach, estimating an index of rurality for the same period composed of a set of socio-economic variables having a direct or indirect nexus to it. In the first phase of research, a matrix of correlation and a multiple regression model has been used in order to estimate the direct links among all investigated variables. Following the quantitative methodology, in the second phase Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) has been used in order to assess the main cause-effect relationships among a few selected endogenous variables and a set of socio-economic items. Furthermore, using a non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) output-oriented model, this research has assessed the efficiency in terms of permanent emigration from Romania estimated as an output to minimise and not as an output to maximise, as investigated by traditional efficiency approaches. In terms of efficiency, financial subsidies allocated by national authorities and the level of per capita Gross Domestic Product have acted directly on the level of emigration. The index of rurality in 2016 has been influenced in particular by he pluriactivity in farms in terms of agritourism, the dimension of farms in terms of land capital endowment, and the level of GDP per capita. JEL Classification: Q10; Q18

THE INFLUENCE OF RELIGION AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (01) ◽  
pp. 193-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAI-WON KIM ◽  
JUNG-SUK YU ◽  
M. KABIR HASSAN
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Correlation Effect ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Spatial Error ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Analysis Models

We examined the influence of religious and social inequality factors on financial inclusion based on the fact that Muslim countries mostly have the lower level of financial inclusion around the globe. To do that, first, we calculated the financial inclusion indices (FIIs) of 152 countries including 48 OIC countries. Then, we examined the effect of religious and social inequality factors on financial inclusion using ordinary least square (OLS). Subsequently, we examined the Moran’s-I test in the OLS models and estimated spatial autocorrelation (SAR) models and spatial error model (SEM) in order to include the spatial correlation effect on the estimate models. Through these estimations, we found that the religious factors, such as whether OIC or non-OIC, religious diversity and Muslim population, have obvious effects on determination of financial inclusion. In addition, we also verified social inequality factors, such as gender inequality, education level and social opportunity level, work as determinants of financial inclusion. Moreover, we found the evidence that financial inclusion itself and unknown factors of neighbor countries have effects on financial inclusion by identifying the spatial effects of analysis models.

scholarly journals Small Credit for Big Opportunities: A Case of BRAC’s Agribusiness Program in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Shaiara Husain ◽  
Kazi Tanvir Mahmud ◽  
Md. Taufiqul Islam ◽  
Md. Abdullah Shihab
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Prime Objective ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

BRAC provides microcredit to the landless and marginal borrowers to accelerate agribusiness activities in the rural areas. The prime objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of microcredit program on household income of the female borrowers of BRAC. Survey was conducted in the Gazipur district of Bangladesh. Primary data were collected from 417 borrowers who were engaged in agribusiness. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique was used to assess the impact of credit on household income. The study shows that the amount of microcredit received by the borrowers made a significant contribution in enhancing their household income. Besides credit, value of agricultural assets, compulsory saving, number of agribusiness pursued by household and training appeared as the key factors in determining income. The study also shows that non-institutional loan and operating cost of agribusiness adversely influenced the household income.

Relative institutional quality and FDI inflows in ASEAN countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tajul Ariffin Masron
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Asean Countries

Purpose Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into any country, especially ASEAN countries, is affected by any improvement in the institutional quality (IQ) of competitors such as China. As generally investors make decisions by comparing two countries’ IQ, the ratio of two countries’ IQ matters more than a single country’s IQ. The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the role of IQ on FDI inflows in ASEAN countries for the period 1996-2013. Design/methodology/approach With limited information on IQ, this study pools eight ASEAN countries as the sample for analysis from 1996 until 2013. A panel dynamic approach – namely, dynamic ordinary least square and fully modified ordinary least square – is utilized. Findings This study confirmed that relative IQ significantly affects FDI inflows into ASEAN countries. The low effect is more reflective of the small portion of world FDI inflows into the ASEAN region. Research limitations/implications This study observes the crucial relationship between IQ and FDI – that the relative effectiveness of IQ in attracting FDI inflows depends heavily on the changes in both countries’ IQ. Hence, the effort of ASEAN countries to improve IQ and use it as a means to lure FDI inflows should go beyond a mere improvement. Focus should be on significant improvement of IQ so that multinational corporations will comfortably remain or inject new FDI into the country. Practical implications Every ASEAN country should double their efforts toward improving their IQ in order to attract future FDI. Originality/value Several studies have confirmed the role of IQ on FDI inflows. However, the majority of these studies have investigated the effect of IQ exclusively for a specific country even though some of them have used a panel of several countries’ data. On the other hand, investors normally evaluate their decision on whether or not to invest based on the relative terms, comparing several potential locations of investment at once. This study can be considered the first to explore the potential effect of IQ after taking into account the possibility of each ASEAN country’s IQ being easily offset by changes in the IQ of China.

scholarly journals INVESTMENT RETURNS ANALYSIS OF EDUCATION IN EAST JAVA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Dwi Novi Indayanti ◽  
Lilik Sugiharti
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Least Square ◽  
University Education ◽  
Return To Education ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Return To Schooling ◽  
Investment Returns

Education is one of the tools in human capital investment because it is considered important in producing an adequate return to schooling. At the East Java Province in 2015 and 2018 the highest education was marked by a difference in the number of each level of education, especially at the tertiary level, which was still relatively low. So, that will be affect return to schooling received by the workforce. This research uses cross section data sourced from SAKERNAS data in 2015 and 2018, with Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results of OLS in 2015 and 2018 shown if the level of education, age, worked training, worked experience, sex, and location have a significant effect on income. The results of the OLS regression are then used to calculated return to education based on education level, sex, and location. The results shown if the education achieved produce a rate of return that is always increasing at every level of education while return to schooling based on gender is a difference in junior and university education, in rural areas return to schooling at the primary school is higher than in the urban area.Keywords: Gender, Education, Return To Education, LocationJEL: J24, I21

scholarly journals Women Access and Awareness of Financial Inclusion in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Lienggar Rahadiantino ◽  
Ariska Nurfajar Rini
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Savings And Loan ◽  
Saving Behavior

The financial system plays a role in creating a community economic development, especially overcoming gender disparities. This paper analyzes the effect of mobile phone on the financial inclusion of women's in Indonesia involving data from household surveys provided by the 2014 Family Life Survey. We use the probit model with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) methods and the variable procedure to examine how the role of mobile phone on women's awareness in accessing financial institutions, as well as increasing savings and loan ownership. Our estimation results found that mobile phone penetration significantly increased awareness of women to access formal financial institutions, improve saving behavior, higher credit amount and access mobile banking. Therefore, mobile phone brings great benefits in increasing financial inclusion, especially women in Indonesia.

Profitability of Tripura Gramin Bank and Regional Rural Bank in India: A comparison

GIS Business ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-330
Author(s):  
Puranjan Chakraborty ◽  
Dr. Ram Chandra Das
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
The Status

Tripura Gramin Bank (TGB) is the only Regional Rural Bank operating in Tripura since it’s inception in 1976. The bank was introduced for economic development of rural areas of Tripura. The prime objective of this bank was amelioration of socioeconomic condition of rural people of Tripura. The present study is an attempt to examine the status of the bank on profitability with an angle to look into financial inclusion in the state. Secondary data is used from the Annual Reports of TGB for the study period. Select parameters i.e. total income, total expenditure, non-interest income, operating expense, operating profit, net profit is used for the study. Select statistical tools i.e. CAGR, average, standard deviation, least square method; coefficient of determination is used to measure the status of profitability of TGB. The study reveals that, during the study period the profitability of TGB is improved which is the result of improvement of financial inclusion.

scholarly journals HOW DOES FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT INTERACT WITH ECONOMIC GROWTH IN FIVE ASEAN COUNTRIES?

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (03) ◽  
pp. 441-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHAN THANH CHUNG ◽  
SIZHONG SUN ◽  
DIEM THI HONG VO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Financial Openness ◽  
Least Square Estimation ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Financial Deregulation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Positive Effect

This study examines the causal relationship between financial development, liberalization and economic growth through technological innovation channel in five South East Asia countries during the period 1980–2012, using a fully modified ordinary least square estimation technique. We find that technological deepening is driven by deepening in the financial system and financial liberalization rather than changes in a country’s market capitalization. We also find a negative effect from the financial openness, and a positive effect from financial deregulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document