Concept of implementation of the entrance payment system to the city for the example of district in Warsaw

Increasing traffic causes not only communication difficulties, but also contributes to increasing air pollution and increasing noise levels. In an urban environment it is quite cumbersome, compact buildings, sometimes the proximity of industrial plants, contributes to the intensification of this phenomenon. By establishing a paid entry to selected areas, thus introducing zones covering the district, center or the whole city, it is possible to significantly influence the quality of the transport network in this area. The paper analyzes the EU regulations regarding emission limit values for vehicles sold in its area. There are also discussed threats resulting from excessive traffic in the city, such as air pollution, on the example of the city of Warsaw. The effects of excessive air pollution are also presented. The paper presents the concept of a system of paid entry to the city, based on the example of the Warsaw district of Śródmieście. The logical architecture of the system is presented, as well as an example of the arrangement of devices in one of the entrance points to the zone, using the existing infrastructure for this purpose.

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IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR MONITORING AIR POLLUTION FROM VEHICLES (CASE STUDY OF ST. PETERSBURG)

Water and Ecology ◽

10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.2.65-74 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 65-74

Author(s):

V. N. Lozhkin ◽

◽

O. V. Lozhkina ◽

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Information Support ◽

Information Process ◽

Limit Values ◽

Standard Limit ◽

The City ◽

Original Information

Introduction. St. Petersburg is the cultural and sea capital of Russia. The city is characterized by environmental problems typical for the largest cities in the world. It has a technical system for instrumental online monitoring and computational forecasting of air quality. Methods. The system maintains the information process by means of computational monitoring of its current and future state. Results. The paper describes methodological approaches to the generation of instrumental information about the structure and intensity of traffic flows in the urban road network and its digital transformation into GIS maps of air pollution in terms of pollutants standard limit values excess. Conclusion. The original information technology for air quality control was introduced at the regional level in the form of an official methodology and is used in environmental management activities.

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Air Quality and Industrial Emissions in the Cities of Kazakhstan

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12030314 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 314 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daulet Assanov ◽

Valeryi Zapasnyi ◽

Aiymgul Kerimray

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Power Plants ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Industrial Emissions ◽

Limit Values ◽

Industrial Plants ◽

Industrial Cities ◽

Spatial Coverage ◽

Emission Limit

Industrial emissions are of major concern, especially in developing countries. Hence, there is a need for studies that investigate the trends in industrial emissions in these countries. The purpose of this study is to discuss trends in industrial emissions in Kazakhstan and the air pollution level in its industrial cities. Data on emission limit values from the permitting documents of twenty-one power plants and nine metallurgical enterprises of Kazakhstan were analyzed. Eight cities (out of fourteen) had a “high” level of atmospheric air pollution according to the Air Pollution Index in 2019. Most of the considered enterprises increased their emission limit values compared to the previous permitting period. In some cities there is a lack of monitoring stations, indicating the need for improving the spatial coverage of the air quality monitoring network in the industrial cities of Kazakhstan. The location of industrial plants far outside the cities could reduce the exposure of the urban population to air pollution. Kazakhstan urgently needs to adopt stringent emissions standards for coal-fired power plants and heavy industrial plants. The national air quality standards and definitions of air pollutants need to be updated based on the latest scientific knowledge.

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Mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Parasitiformes, Mesostigmata) at the plants in Brovary town

Ecology and Noospherology ◽

10.15421/031422 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (3-4) ◽

pp. 77-83

Author(s):

S. L. Grabovska ◽

L. O. Kolodochka

Keyword(s):

Phytoseiid Mites ◽

Plant Associations ◽

Species Complexes ◽

District Center ◽

The Family ◽

Species Composition And Distribution ◽

Dog Rose ◽

The City ◽

Species Being

This article deals with the results of study of species content and basic peculiarities of beaked mites-Phytoseiidae in plant associations of one of the regional centers of Ukraine. The species composition and distribution of mites-Phytoseiidae (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) in plantations of Brovary town of Kyiv region were determined. Fourteen species of 8 genera of phytoseiid mites were found. Index of their existing and relative biotope connection of each registered species to vegetation types and plant species were computed. The study was conducted according to the results of material treatment on the territory of the mentioned city from 25 species of plants (16 species of hardy-shrub and 9 of herbaceous vegetations). The studies of distribution of plant-living mites-Phytoseiidae were conducted separately for hardy-shrub and herbaceous plants). The collection of faunistic material was executed during the vegetation of periods of 2011 and 2013. Within the city the collection of the material was conducted with hardy-shrub plants and herbaceous type of vegetation along the streets, in parks and squares of Brovary city of Kyiv region, district center, one of the satellite-cities of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. The study of species complexes characteristics of mites was conducted with usage of data calculated on the basis of frequency index (Is), degree of relative habitat confinedness (F) (Pesenko, 1982) and domination index Paliy-Kovnatski (Di) (Shitikov, 2003). Only on one species of plant (F=1) 6 species of mites-Phytoseiidae were found – T.сotoneastri on blue spruce, T. laurae – on common spruce, T. aceri – on ash-leaved maple, P. incognitus – on dog-rose, P. soleiger – on mulberry-tree, A. caudiglans – on sea-buckthorn. These species can be related to stenoecic. The mentioned species are stenotopic only in relation to the sample of plants from the plant associations of Brovary, as in other regions these species of mites can populate the other species of plants. The rest 8 species, being registered on two or more types of plants, are related to euryoecic. Among them there is a group of 6 species with “positive tendencies to population of plants”, owning the indicators of habitat confinedness 0<F<1: A. andersoni (0,92–0,96), A. rademacheri (0,85–0,96), N. herbarius (0,92–0,96), T. tiliarum (0,66–0,77), A. pirianykae (0,73–0,99), A. clavata (0,82–0,98). The rest species, E. finlandicus и K. aberrans, have the expanded range of indicators in relation to habitat confinedness (-0,71<F<0,55 и -0,16<F<0,88), that specifies on their ability to populate the big quality of species. E. finlandicus has the negative indicator of relative habitat confinedness in relation to the plants of herbaceous morphotype that serves confirmation of the ecological peculiarity of the species detected earlier. The data of relative habitat confinedness of mites to certain species of plants shows availability of stenoecic (T.сotoneastri, T. laurae, T. aceri, P. incognitus, P. soleiger, A. caudiglans) and euryoecic species (A. andersoni, A. rademacheri, N. herbarius, E. finlandicus, K. aberrans, T. tiliarum, A. pirianykae, A. clavata).

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VALORIZATION OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTH SERBIA FROM THE AIR QUALITY ASPECT

Knowledge International Journal ◽

10.35120/kij28041329m ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 1329-1333

Author(s):

Miodrag Šmelcerović

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Urban Environment ◽

Pollution Sources ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Limit Values ◽

Cause And Effect ◽

Sources Of Pollution

The protection of the environment and people’s health from negative influences of the pollution of air as a medium of the environment requires constant observing of the air quality in accordance with international standards, the analysis of emission and imission of polluting matters in the air, and their connection with the sources of pollution. Having in mind the series of laws and delegated legislations which define the field of air pollution, it is necessary to closely observe these long-term processes, discovering cause-and-effect relationships between the activities of anthropogenic sources of emission of polluting matters and the level of air degradation. The relevant evaluation of the air quality of a certain area can be conducted if the level of concentration of polluting matters characteristic for the pollution sources of this area is observed in a longer period of time. The data obtained by the observation of the air pollution are the basis for creation of the recovery program of a certain area. Vranje is a town in South Serbia where there is a bigger number of anthropogenic pollution sources that can significantly diminish the air quality. The cause-and-effect relationship of the anthropogenic sources of pollution is conducted related to the analysis of systematized data which are in the relevant data base of the authorized institution The Institute of Public Health Vranje, for the time period between the year of 2012. and 2017. By the analysis of data of imission concentrations of typical polluting matters, the dominant polluting matters were determined on the territory of the town of Vranje, the ones that are the causers of the biggest air pollution and the risk for people’s health. Analysis of the concentration of soot, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides indicates their presence in the air of Vranje town area in concentrations that do not exceed the permitted limit values annually. The greatest pollution is caused by the soot content in the air, especially in the winter period when the highest number of days with the values above the limit was registered. By perceiving the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, it is clear that the concentration of polluting matters can be decreased only by establishing control over anthropogenic sources of pollution, and thus it can be contributed to the improvement of the air quality of this urban environment.

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Contribution of Local and Transboundary Air Pollution to the Urban Air Quality of Fukuoka, Japan

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12040431 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 431

Author(s):

Ayako Yoshino ◽

Akinori Takami ◽

Keiichiro Hara ◽

Chiharu Nishita-Hara ◽

Masahiko Hayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Gaseous Species ◽

Transboundary Air Pollution ◽

Local Air Pollution ◽

The City

Transboundary air pollution (TAP) and local air pollution (LAP) influence the air quality of urban areas. Fukuoka, located on the west side of Japan and affected by TAP from the Asian continent, is a unique example for understanding the contribution of LAP and TAP. Gaseous species and particulate matter (PM) were measured for approximately three weeks in Fukuoka in the winter of 2018. We classified two distinctive periods, LAP and TAP, based on wind speed. The classification was supported by variations in the concentration of gaseous species and by backward trajectories. Most air pollutants, including NOx and PM, were high in the LAP period and low in the TAP period. However, ozone was the exception. Therefore, our findings suggest that reducing local emissions is necessary. Ozone was higher in the TAP period, and the variation in ozone concentration was relatively small, indicating that ozone was produced outside of the city and transported to Fukuoka. Thus, air pollutants must also be reduced at a regional scale, including in China.

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Towards Smart City: Influence of Air Pollution on the Local Community of the Zabrze City in Surveys and Field Research

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering ◽

10.2478/mape-2018-0106 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 845-850

Author(s):

Jolanta Ignac-Nowicka

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Smart City ◽

Local Community ◽

Field Research ◽

Field Studies ◽

Toxic Gases ◽

Accumulation Of Pollutants ◽

The City

Abstract The results of the conducted pilot research indicated the basic local problems of the residents of Zabrze city. The purpose of the next research was to answer the question: how to improve the quality of life of residents in a city with significant air pollution. Activities aimed at this goal are inscribed in the idea of "smart city". The article presents the results of pilot measurements of air pollution with toxic gases in the Zabrze city in the Silesian agglomeration (Poland). Field studies at selected locations in the city concerned measurements of nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide. The aim of these studies was to identify areas of the city with significant air pollution with toxic gases in order to plan further detailed research. Made measurements showed the appearance of the local problem of accumulation of pollutants in several areas of the city. The results obtained were compared with surveys conducted among residents of the Zabrze city. The aim of the survey was to examine the respondents' awareness of: the location of areas with noticeable air pollution and health problems resulting from air pollution in the place of residence. The article also presents a plan of possible actions for the city of Zabrze within the framework of the "smart city" idea to improve the quality of life of the local city community in conditions of increased emission of gas pollution in the city.

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Study of the effect of fuel consumption and geographic conditions on Tehran’s air pollution

Journal of Air Pollution and Health ◽

10.18502/japh.v5i1.2861 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Farid Rahimi

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

General Education ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Low Grade ◽

Economic Growth And Development ◽

Public Transport System ◽

Clean Air ◽

High Level ◽

The City

Studies show that Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world. This pollution is more due to the traffic of cars. According to statistics, Tehran only had 3 days of clean air in 2012 and 2013. The consumption of low-grade petroleum products by non-standard vehicles manufactured with old technol- ogy has caused air pollution to the city in the absence of an efficient public transport system as well as inefficient management. The results suggest that transition from this dilemma is possible through efficient laws, proper man- agement, the use of world-wide knowledge and culture and general education from the basic levels. Obviously, solving this problem will directly affect the quality of life of citizens, and its effects can be seen in the economic, health, environmental and social spheres. The indirect effects of the crisis can be predicted in economic growth and development, and even in the promotion of national security (at a high level).

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BIOINDICATION OF THE AIR ENVIRONMENT OF THE CITY OF OMSK ACCORDING TO A STUDY OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS

Actual Issues Of Energy ◽

10.25206/2686-6935-2021-3-1-131-134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 131-134

Author(s):

L. P. IVASHCHENKO ◽

◽

V. P. IVASHCHENKO ◽

M. V. KUBAREVA ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Road Transport ◽

The State ◽

Industrial Plants ◽

Atmospheric Air ◽

Relevant Today ◽

Clean Air ◽

The City

The problem of air pollution of the city is still relevant today. A significant increase of emissions of pollutants from the activities of industrial plants, road transport has a negative impact on the quality of atmospheric air and the environment as a whole, the health of the population. The main objective of this research is to assessment of the state of the air environment, by studying of pinus sylvestris needles, growing on the territory of the city of Omsk. For research of the state of the atmospheric air were chosen 5 key sections in the city of Omsk, where we selected samples of needles. It was found, that the severity of damage and drying of needles is uneven on all key sections, depends on the level of air pollution. An assessment of the state of the air environment was carried out, which showed, that on the territory of the Soviet park and ave. of the Culture (sections 1 and 2, respectively) relatively clean air "norm" was established, according to the third level of pollution. Cathedral square and st. Irtyshskaya embankment (sections 3 and 5, respectively) are characterized by dirty air «harmful», according to the sixth level of pollution.

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Assessment of heterogenity of air pollution within an urban canopy

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-2822 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vivien Voss ◽

K. Heinke Schlünzen ◽

David Grawe

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Citizen Science ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Low Cost ◽

Urban Canopy ◽

Limit Values ◽

Data Standard ◽

The City

Air pollution is an important topic within urban areas.&#160; Limit values as given in the European Guidelines are introduced to reduce negative effects on humans and vegetation.&#160; Exceedances of the limit values are to be assessed using measurements.&#160; In case of found exceedances of the limit values, the local authorities need to act to reduce pollution levels. Highest values are found for several pollutants (NOx, NO2, particles) within densely build-up urban areas with traffic emissions being the major source and dispersion being very much impacted by the urban structures.&#160; The quality assured measuring network used by the authorities is often too coarse to determine the heterogeneity in the concentration field. Low cost sample devices as employed in several citizen science projects might help to overcome the data sparsity. Volunteers measure the air quality at many sites, contribute to the measurement networks and provide the data on the web. However, the questions arising are: a) Are these data of sufficient high quality to provide results comparable to those of the quality assured networks? b) Is the network density sufficient to determine concentration patterns within the urban canopy layer? One-year data from a citizen science network, which measures particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) were compared to measurements provided by the local environmental agency, using two hot-spot areas in the city of Hamburg as an example. To determine how well the measurements agree with each other, a regression analyses was performed dependent on seasonal and diurnal cycles. Additionally, model simulations with the microscale obstacle resolving model MITRAS were performed for two characteristic building structures and different meteorological situations. The model results were used to determine local hot spots as well as areas where measurements might represent the concentration of particles for the urban quarter. The low cost sensor measurements show a general agreement to the city&#8217;s measurements, however, the values per sensor differ. Moreover, the measurements of the low-cost-sensor show an unrealistic dependence on relative humidity, resulting in over- or underestimations in certain cases. The model results clearly show that only a few sites allow measurements to be representative for a city quarter. The measurements of the citizen science project can provide a good overview about the tendencies of the air quality, but are currently not of sufficient quality to provide measurements calling for legal action.The model results were used for the project AtMoDat. AtMoDat is an attempt to create a data standard for obstacle resolving models based on the existing Climate and Forecast (CF) conventions. A web-based survey is developed to get information on the requirements for the data standard. The next step is to extend the collection of model characteristics and eventually to provide a generic scheme.Acknowledgements This work contributes to project &#8220;AtMoDat&#8221; funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research under the funding number 16QK02C. Responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors.

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High NO2 Concentrations Measured by Passive Samplers in Czech Cities: Unresolved Aftermath of Dieselgate?

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12050649 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 649

Author(s):

Michal Vojtisek-Lom ◽

Miroslav Suta ◽

Jitka Sikorova ◽

Radim J. Sram

Keyword(s):

Hot Spots ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Passive Samplers ◽

City Center ◽

Clear Sign ◽

Travel Restrictions ◽

Emission Limit ◽

Emission Limits ◽

The City ◽

The Eu

This work examines the effects of two problematic trends in diesel passenger car emissions—increasing NO2/NOx ratio by conversion of NO into NO2 in catalysts and a disparity between the emission limit and the actual emissions in everyday driving—on ambient air quality in Prague. NO2 concentrations were measured by 104 membrane-closed Palmes passive samplers at 65 locations in Prague in March–April and September–October of 2019. NO2 concentrations measured by city stations during those periods were comparable with the average values during 2016–2019. The average measured NO2 concentrations at the selected locations, after correcting for the 18.5% positive bias of samplers co-located with a monitoring station, were 36 µg/m3 (range 16–69 µg/m3, median 35 µg/m3), with the EU annual limit of 40 µg/m3 exceeded at 32% of locations. The NO2 concentrations have correlated well (R2 = 0.76) with the 2019 average daily vehicle counts, corrected for additional emissions due to uphill travel and intersections. In addition to expected “hot-spots” at busy intersections in the city center, new ones were identified, i.e., along a six-lane road V Holešovičkách. Comparison of data from six monitoring stations during 15 March–30 April 2020 travel restrictions with the same period in 2016–2019 revealed an overall reduction of NO2 and even a larger reduction of NO. The spatial analysis of data from passive samplers and time analysis of data during the travel restrictions both demonstrate a consistent positive correlation between traffic intensity and NO2 concentrations along/near the travel path. The slow pace of NO2 reductions in Prague suggests that stricter vehicle NOx emission limits, introduced in the last decade or two, have so far failed to sufficiently reduce the ambient NO2 concentrations, and there is no clear sign of remedy of Dieselgate NOx excess emissions.

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