Binding Energy of Cubic Carbon Atoms

Energy spectrum of gas particles in plasma is broad, ranging from fractions to 10s of electron volts. Proportion of particles with required energetic parameters, participating in cubic carbon c-C synthesis, is small. External energy deposition can transfer an inert carbon atom to active state and change its electronic configuration. Binding energy of c-C atom depends on energy sources interaction. In this work, the calculations found the binding energy value that was compared with value of energy of the bond between the carbon atoms in ethane. The advisability of external source, activated carbon atoms generator, is marked. It has been established that by adding accelerated carbon atoms with energy of 9,687 eV into reactor it is possible to increase productivity of films, coatings and bulk crystals growth.

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Marine Sediment Mixed With Activated Carbon Allows Electricity Production and Storage From Internal and External Energy Sources: A New Rechargeable Bio-Battery With Bi-Directional Electron Transfer Properties

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2019.00934 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Emilius Sudirjo ◽

Cees J. N. Buisman ◽

David P. B. T. B. Strik

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Marine Sediment ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Energy Sources ◽

External Energy ◽

Electron Transfer Properties ◽

And Storage ◽

Transfer Properties

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Space to Air High-Altitude Region Adjoint Neutron Transport

The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation Applications Methodology Technology ◽

10.1177/15485129211031669 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 154851292110316

Author(s):

Zachary W LaMere ◽

Darren E Holland ◽

Whitman T Dailey ◽

John W McClory

Keyword(s):

Energy Spectrum ◽

High Altitude ◽

Neutron Energy ◽

Neutron Transport ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Source Spectrum ◽

Detector Response ◽

Neutron Energy Spectrum ◽

True Source ◽

Adjoint Transport

Neutrons from an atmospheric nuclear explosion can be detected by sensors in orbit. Current tools for characterizing the neutron energy spectrum assume a known source and use forward transport to recreate the detector response. In realistic scenarios the true source is unknown, making this an inefficient, iterative approach. In contrast, the adjoint approach directly solves for the source spectrum, enabling source reconstruction. The time–energy fluence at the satellite and adjoint transport equation allow a Monte Carlo method to characterize the neutron source’s energy spectrum directly in a new model: the Space to High-Altitude Region Adjoint (SAHARA) model. A new adjoint source event estimator was developed in SAHARA to find feasible solutions to the neutron transport problem given the constraints of the adjoint environment. This work explores SAHARA’s development and performance for mono-energetic and continuous neutron energy sources. In general, the identified spectra were shifted towards energies approximately 5% lower than the true source spectra, but SAHARA was able to capture the correct spectral shapes. Continuous energy sources, including real-world sources Fat Man and Little Boy, resulted in identifiable spectra that could have been produced by the same distribution as the true sources as demonstrated by two-dimensional (2D) Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests.

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Activated carbon+HFC 134a based two stage thermal compression adsorption refrigeration using low grade thermal energy sources

Applied Thermal Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.11.006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 29 (11-12) ◽

pp. 2257-2264 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

N.D. Banker ◽

M. Prasad ◽

P. Dutta ◽

K. Srinivasan

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Low Grade ◽

Adsorption Refrigeration ◽

Two Stage ◽

Thermal Compression ◽

Hfc 134A

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Analysis of modern methods of surface modification of light metals using external energy sources

Electron-Ion-Plasma Modification of a Hypoeutectoid Al-Si Alloy ◽

10.1201/9781003045960-1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Dmitrii Zaguliaev ◽

Victor Gromov ◽

Sergey Konovalov ◽

Yurii Ivanov

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Light Metals ◽

External Energy ◽

Modern Methods

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On-Site and External Energy Harvesting in Underground Wireless

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9040681 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 681 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Usman Raza ◽

Abdul Salam

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Wireless Power Transfer ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Power Transfer ◽

Wireless Power ◽

External Energy ◽

Term Operation ◽

Available Energy ◽

Underground Communication

Energy efficiency is vital for uninterrupted long-term operation of wireless underground communication nodes in the field of decision agriculture. In this paper, energy harvesting and wireless power transfer techniques are discussed with applications in underground wireless communications (UWC). Various external wireless power transfer techniques are explored. Moreover, key energy harvesting technologies are presented that utilize available energy sources in the field such as vibration, solar, and wind. In this regard, the Electromagnetic (EM)- and Magnetic Induction (MI)-based approaches are explained. Furthermore, the vibration-based energy harvesting models are reviewed as well. These energy harvesting approaches lead to design of an efficient wireless underground communication system to power underground nodes for prolonged field operation in decision agriculture.

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