scholarly journals Organizational and economic conditions for ensuring the quality of arrangement and provision of sports services (the case of sports events)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
E. A. Mozhelev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Micro Level

The author of the article specifies the essence of the concept «organizational and economic conditions for ensuring the quality of arrangement and provision of sports services» and what is more, identifies and describes the main types of organizational and economic conditions for ensuring the quality of sports services at the macro level (at country level) and micro level (at the level of certain organizations), with reference to which the system of organizational and economic conditions for ensuring the quality of arrangement and provision of sports services (the case of sports events) is developed.

scholarly journals Revisiting Loneliness: Individual and Country-Level Changes

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-117
Author(s):  
Deborah Morgan ◽  
Lena Dahlberg ◽  
Charles Waldegrave ◽  
Sarmitė Mikulionienė ◽  
Gražina Rapolienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Frequency Of Contact ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Partnership Status ◽  
Micro Level

AbstractThe links between loneliness and overall morbidity and mortality are well known, and this has profound implications for quality of life and health and welfare budgets. Most studies have been cross-sectional allowing for conclusions on correlates of loneliness, but more recently, some longitudinal studies have revealed also micro-level predictors of loneliness. Since the majority of studies focused on one country, conclusions on macro-level drivers of loneliness are scarce. This chapter examines the impact of micro- and macro-level drivers of loneliness and loneliness change in 11 European countries. The chapter draws on longitudinal data from 2013 and 2015 from the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), combined with macro-level data from additional sources. The multivariable analysis revealed the persistence of loneliness over time, which is a challenge for service providers and policy makers. Based on this cross-national and longitudinal study we observed that micro-level drivers known from previous research (such as gender, health and partnership status, frequency of contact with children), and changes therein had more impact on loneliness and change therein than macro-level drivers such as risk of poverty, risk of social deprivation, level of safety in the neighbourhood.

Englishization of Croatian higher education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Drljača Margić
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
The Status ◽  
English Medium Instruction ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The University

The perceived benefits of English-medium instruction (EMI), such as greater competitiveness of universities, are the reasons why meso- and macro-level stakeholders in Croatian higher education (HE) seek to implement it. Nevertheless, the overall adoption of EMI has been rather slow, resulting in only 3% of study programmes in English. Such a small number has sparked no public or scholarly resistance to this aspect of Englishization. On the micro level, however, the introduction of EMI has provoked a range of different reactions, from favourable attitudes to concerns over the quality of education and the status of Croatian in academia. Evidence for these views were gleaned from the studies conducted at the University of Rijeka, Croatia.

A Multilevel Ecological Analysis of the Predictors of Spanking Across 65 Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin P. Ward ◽  
Andrew Grogan-Kaylor ◽  
Garrett Todd Pace ◽  
Jorge Cuartas ◽  
Shawna J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: Ending violence against children is critical to promote the health and socioemotional development of children across the globe. To this end, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have called for the abolishment of spanking, which is the most pervasive form of physical violence against children worldwide. This study used an ecological perspective to examine micro- and macro-level predictors of parental spanking across 65 countries. Participants: Data came from the fourth and fifth rounds of the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, which were administered between 2009-2017 (N = 613,861 households). We examined the predictors of spanking using multilevel logistic regression analysis. Results: Micro-level factors (i.e., those observed at the familial level) were stronger predictors of spanking in comparison to macro-level factors (i.e., those observed at the community and country level). Caregiver belief that children need physical punishment in order to be raised properly was the largest risk factor for spanking (OR = 2.55, p < .001). Older child age, the child being female, the head of the household having a secondary education or higher, and higher household wealth score were protective factors against spanking, while a higher number of people living in the household was a risk factor for spanking. Living in an urban community was the only macro-level factor associated with spanking. Conclusions: Intervention at the micro level and macro level are important to reduce violence against children across the globe.

scholarly journals A Capability Approach to Understanding Sport for Social Inclusion: Agency, Structure and Organisations

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naofumi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Inclusive Society

Despite the global diffusion of the term social inclusion, as well as the use of sport to promote it, questions have been raised regarding the extent to which sport is able to contribute to transforming the exclusive nature of the social structure. The lack of analytical clarity of the concept has not helped to address these questions. This article proposes a conceptual framework based on Amartya Sen’s capability approach, considering social exclusion as the denial of social relations that leads to serious deprivation of important capabilities. A person’s capabilities could potentially be improved through micro-, meso-, and macro-level social processes. At the micro level, sport-based social inclusion programmes could offer such social relations to varying degrees, though sport’s values are only relative to other leisure activities. The scale of impact depends primarily on the meso-level processes, in which the size and quality of each programme can be improved through organisational learning, and secondarily on the macro-level processes whereby the organisational population is institutionalised. It is argued that more research needs to be done on the meso and macro levels, as they are concerned with the ultimate potential of sport to facilitate structural transformation towards more socially inclusive society.

scholarly journals Exploring the macro-level, meso-level and micro-level barriers and facilitators to the provision of good quality early inflammatory arthritis (EIA) care in England and Wales

RMD Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e001616
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zasada ◽  
Mark Yates ◽  
Nicola Ayers ◽  
Zoë Ide ◽  
Sam Norton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
Early Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Micro Level

BackgroundEvidence from a national clinical audit of early inflammatory arthritis (EIA) shows considerable variability between hospitals in performance, unexplained by controlling for case-mix.ObjectiveTo explore the macro-level, meso-level and micro-level barriers and facilitators to the provision of good quality EIA care.MethodsA qualitative study within 16 purposively sampled rheumatology units across England and Wales. Quality was assessed in relation to 11 quality indicators based on clinical opinion, evidence and variability observed in the data. Data from semi-structured interviews with staff (1–5 from each unit, 56 in total) and an online questionnaire (n=14/16 units) were integrated and analysed using the framework method for thematic analysis using a combined inductive and deductive approach (underpinned by an evidence-based framework of healthcare team effectiveness), and constant comparison of data within and between units and its relationship with the quality criteria.FindingsQuality of care was influenced by an interplay between macro, meso and micro domains. The macro (eg, shared care arrangements and relationships with general practitioners) and meso (eg, managerial support and physical infrastructure) factors were found to act as crucial enablers of and barriers to higher quality service provision at the micro (team) level. These organisational factors directly influenced team structure and function, and thereby EIA care quality.ConclusionsVariability in quality of EIA care is associated with an interplay between macro, meso and micro service features. Tackling macro and meso barriers is likely to have a significant impact on quality of EIA service, and ultimately patient experience and outcomes.

scholarly journals Exclusion From Social Relations and Loneliness: Individual and Country-Level Changes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 712-713
Author(s):  
Marja Aartsen ◽  
Deborah Morgan ◽  
Lena Dahlberg ◽  
Charles Waldegrave ◽  
Sarmitė Mikulionienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Frequency Of Contact ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Partnership Status ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
National Perspective

Abstract Social isolation and loneliness have profound implications for quality of life and health and welfare budgets, but interventions to reduce loneliness are limited effective. The aim of this study is to examine the often-ignored impact of macro-level drivers of loneliness, in addition to micro-level drivers by adopting a cross-national perspective. We use longitudinal data from 2013 and 2015 from the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), combined with macro-level data from additional sources. Our study confirms that key micro-level drivers of loneliness are gender, health and partnership status, frequency of contact with children and changes therein. Macro level drivers are level of safety in the neighbourhood, and poverty and social deprivation of a society. In order to understand and reduce loneliness we require not just a focus on individual risk factors, behaviours and expectations, but also on macro-level factors that are associated with exclusion from social relations.

scholarly journals Is Educated Labor Really Productive?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Rr Retno Sugiharti ◽  
Fitrah Sari Islami ◽  
Octavia Laksmi Pramudiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Aggregate Productivity ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Using Data

Improving the quality of human resources through education is believed to increase laborproductivity. The higher the investment in education, the greater the potential for someone to gainknowledge, expand access to jobs, and increase productivity. However, the increases in the numberof educated workforces, truly unbalanced with the increase with aggregate productivity. Thepurpose of this study is to analyze at which one of the levels of education has the greatestcontribution to increasing productivity. In order to bring the research in macro level, we usedMincer equation calibrated by Bils and Klenow (2000) to develop a human capital model. Thiskind of research formed in micro level and very rarely research is done at the macro level.Therefore, by using calibration from Bils and Klenow (1992), this study tries to bring the mincermodel to the macro level. This model estimates by panel regression method and cointegrationmethod (for identification long run existence) and using data from the period of 2010-2018. Theresults of the study show a positive integration between the level of education towards workproductivity. The fact that vocational education is aimed at preparing workforce has no significanteffect on aggregate productivity. The result driven us to conclusion that education has not beenconsidered a human capital factor but signaling factor; schooling level of labor was not a drivenfactor to labor productivity, but the years of experience did and labor is tended to taking educationjust for formal reason not for academic reason.

scholarly journals Multilevel ecological analysis of the predictors of spanking across 65 countries

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e046075
Author(s):  
Kaitlin Paxton Ward ◽  
Andrew Grogan-Kaylor ◽  
Garrett T Pace ◽  
Jorge Cuartas ◽  
Shawna Lee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Multiple Indicator ◽  
Micro Level

ObjectiveEnding violence against children is critical to promote the health and socioemotional development of children across the globe. To this end, the UNICEF and the WHO have called for the abolishment of spanking, which is the most pervasive form of physical violence against children worldwide. This study used an ecological perspective to examine micro-level and macro-level predictors of parental spanking across 65 countries.ParticipantsData came from the fourth and fifth rounds of the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, which were administered between 2009 and 2017 (N=613 861 households). We examined the predictors of spanking using multilevel logistic regression analysis.ResultsMicro-level factors (ie, those observed at the familial level) were stronger predictors of spanking in comparison to macro-level factors (ie, those observed at the community and country level). Caregiver belief that children need physical punishment in order to be raised properly was the largest risk factor for spanking (OR=2.55, p<0.001). Older child age, the child being female, the head of the household having a secondary education or higher, and higher household wealth were protective factors against spanking, while a higher number of people living in the household was a risk factor for spanking. Living in an urban community was the only macro-level factor associated with spanking.ConclusionsIntervention at the micro-level and macro-level are important to reduce violence against children across the globe.

Can Rehabilitation Last?

2019 ◽  
pp. 173-198
Author(s):  
Arie W. Kruglanski ◽  
Jocelyn J. Bélanger ◽  
Rohan Gunaratna
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
State Failure ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Population Demographics ◽  
Community Resistance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Micro Level

This chapter discusses the conditions that may lead to the recidivism of violent extremists and examine them from the conceptual perspective represented in the 3N model of radicalization. It specifically considers macro-, mezzo-, and micro-level factors assumed to bear on the recidivism of deradicalized extremists. The macro-level factors include state failure, population demographics, and economic conditions; the mezzo-level factors include the interrelated phenomena of community resistance (to the reintegration of deradicalized extremists), the social stigmatization that befalls them, and the social vacuum in which these individuals may find themselves upon their release into society; and the micro-level factors relate to vocational education, age, wear and tear, and aftercare (monitoring and follow-up).

Varieties of non-obvious meaning in CL and CADS: from ‘hindsight post-dictability’ to sweet serendipity

Corpora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Partington
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Special Relevance

In this paper, I want to examine the special relevance of (non)obviousness in corpus linguistics through drawing on case studies. The research discussion is divided into two parts. The first is an examination of (non)obviousness at the micro-level, that is, in lexico-grammatical analyses, whilst the second looks at the more macro-level of (non)obviousness on the plane of discourse. In the final sections, I will examine various types of non-obvious meaning one can come across in Corpus-assisted Discourse Studies (CADS), which range from: ‘I knew that all along (now)’ to ‘that's interesting’ to ‘I sensed that but didn't know why’ (intuitive impressions and corpus-assisted explanations) to ‘I never even knew I never knew that’ (serendipity or ‘non-obvious non-obviousness’, analogous to ‘unknown unknowns’).

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