Gender Gap in Mindfulness Assessment Among Italian Nurses: A Pilot Descriptive Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-100
Author(s):  
Elsa Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Mindfulness Skills ◽  
On Line ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Mindfulness Assessment ◽  
Acting With Awareness

"Purpose: The present study aimed to explore gender differences in the mindfulness tendency, specifically in the awareness and attention dimensions and also in the observing, describing, acting with awareness and accepting without judgement in Italian nurses. Methods: In June 2020 an on-line questionnaire was administered to nurses in order to analyze any differences both in the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS) according to gender variable. Findings: 200 questionnaires were collected. Findings showed significant higher MAAS total score in males than females (p=.004). Additionally, by considering the four sub dimensions in the Mindfulness tendency, females reported significant higher levels in some items of “Observe” (p=.004) and “Act with awareness” (p=.001) than males, while males reported significant higher scores in the “Accept without judgement” than females (p<.001). Conclusions: The present study was a pilot research on exploring gender differences in mindfulness in Italian nurses in order to hope that it will be only the beginning of empirical research on this topic and to better address future mindfulness training courses addressed to nurses by emphasizing certain aspects of mindfulness for females compared to males and vice versa."

scholarly journals Risk Taking and Start-up Capital: Exploring Gender differences in Uganda, through an International Comparison

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Orobia ◽  
Gerrit Rooks .
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Start Ups

This study sought to explain the gender differences with respect to risk taking behaviour and startup capital in Uganda, comparing with other countries. The start-up capital of businesses run by females is ostensibly smaller than those run by males in Uganda and in any other country. A number of reasons have been forwarded to explain this variance. Some researchers have linked the size of start-up capital to the risk taking behaviour among other factors. However there is insufficient local or Ugandan empirical research into this difference, given that much of the empirical research are based on western data sets. Data for this study was from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2003. A causal research design was used to establish the relationship between risk taking attitude and start up capital. A comparative design was also employed to compare the findings of Uganda with other GEM countries, Chi-square tests, and a two way analysis of variances were used to analyse the data. There are gender differences with respect to risk taking behaviour across all countries under study. However, the gender gap is wider in other countries than Uganda. On the whole, Uganda women are less risk averse as compared to those in other countries. The start-up capital requirement of Ugandan men is more than their female counterparts. In addition, Ugandan men invested more personal start up capital when they are risk averse. Among other recommendations, policy makers should sensitise females about viability of business start ups and encourage women access to ownership of property.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Academic Efficacy across STEM Fields

2021 ◽  
pp. 073112142110286
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ashlock ◽  
Miodrag Stojnic ◽  
Zeynep Tufekci
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Stem Fields ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Middle Schoolers ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Math Grades ◽  
And Mathematics

Cultural processes can reduce self-selection into math and science fields, but it remains unclear how confidence in computer science develops, where women are currently the least represented in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics). Few studies evaluate both computer skills and self-assessments of skill. In this paper, we evaluate gender differences in efficacy across three STEM fields using a data set of middle schoolers, a particularly consequential period for academic pathways. Even though girls and boys do not significantly differ in terms of math grades and have similar levels of computer skill, the gender gap in computer efficacy is twice as large as the gap for math. We offer support for disaggregation of STEM fields, so the unique meaning making around computing can be addressed.

scholarly journals Gender differences in the determinants of willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine among the working-age population in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Ishimaru ◽  
Makoto Okawara ◽  
Hajime Ando ◽  
Ayako Hino ◽  
Tomohisa Nagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

Many factors are related to vaccination intentions. However, gender differences in the determinants of intention to get the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine have not been fully investigated. This study examined gender differences in the determinants of willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine among the working-age population in Japan. We conducted a cross-sectional study of Japanese citizens aged 20-65 years using an online self-administered questionnaire in December 2020. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Among 27,036 participants (13,814 men and 13,222 women), the percentage who were willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine was lower among women than among men (33.0% vs. 41.8%). Age and education level showed a gender gap regarding the association with willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine: men who were older or had a higher level of education were more willing to get the vaccine, whereas women aged 30-49 years and those with a higher level of education showed a relatively low willingness to get the vaccine. For both men and women, marriage, higher annual household income, underlying disease, current smoking, vaccination for influenza during the current season, and fear of COVID-19 transmission were linked to a higher likelihood of being willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine. These findings give important insight into identifying target groups in need of intervention regarding COVID-19 vaccination, especially among women. Providing education about COVID-19 and influenza vaccination in the workplace may be an effective strategy to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

scholarly journals Formación y uso de TIC en educación superior: opiniones del profesorado

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-59
Author(s):  
José Ricardo López Espinosa ◽  
Edgar Oswaldo González Bello ◽  
Rocío López González
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Teaching Performance ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The University ◽  
Formación Docente

En este trabajo se analizan las deficiencias y avances que se han generado en el marco del Programa Institucional de Formación Docente de la Universidad de Sonora y su contribución al desarrollo de la enseñanza mediante la capacitación del profesorado sobre el uso de Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación en la enseñanza. Es un estudio de corte cuantitativo en el cual se aplicó un cuestionario a 80 profesores, de distintas disciplinas, quienes han participado en cursos de capacitación que ofrece la institución para el uso de recursos digitales. Los resultados revelan la necesidad de ofrecer capacitaciones acordes a los requerimientos particulares de la planta docente, así como cursos especializados enfocados en instruir cómo emplear pedagógicamente las tecnologías en cada asignatura con el propósito de mejorar el ejercicio docente. También se advierte que la formación ofrecida en la institución poco ha logrado motivar a los profesores para utilizar las tecnologías.Training and use of ICT in higher education: teachers opinionsAbstractThis paper analyzes the deficiencies and progress that has been generated under the Institutional Program of Teacher Training of the University of Sonora and its contribution to the development of teaching through teacher training on the use of Information and Communication Technologies in teaching. It is a descriptive study of quantitative methodology in which questionnaires were applied to 80 teachers from different disciplines who have participated in training courses offered by the institution the use of ICT. The results reveal the need for trainings according to the requirements of teachers, as well as the lack of specialized courses focused on instructing how to use the technologies in each subject for the purpose of improving the teaching performance. It is also noted that the training provided in the institution has not managed to motivate teachers to use the technologies. Recibido: 18 de agosto de 2017Aceptado: 10 de julio de 2018

scholarly journals Opt-out choice framing attenuates gender differences in the decision to compete in the laboratory and in the field

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (42) ◽  
pp. e2108337118
Author(s):  
Joyce C. He ◽  
Sonia K. Kang ◽  
Nicola Lacetera
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Imbalance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Choice Framing

Research shows that women are less likely to enter competitions than men. This disparity may translate into a gender imbalance in holding leadership positions or ascending in organizations. We provide both laboratory and field experimental evidence that this difference can be attenuated with a default nudge—changing the choice to enter a competitive task from a default in which applicants must actively choose to compete to a default in which applicants are automatically enrolled in competition but can choose to opt out. Changing the default affects the perception of prevailing social norms about gender and competition as well as perceptions of the performance or ability threshold at which to apply. We do not find associated negative effects for performance or wellbeing. These results suggest that organizations could make use of opt-out promotion schemes to reduce the gender gap in competition and support the ascension of women to leadership positions.

Social Information and Gender Differences in Competitive Preferences

2021 ◽  
pp. 056943452110542
Author(s):  
Christopher Roby
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Addition Task ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Winner Take All ◽  
Take All

This is an exploratory study that examines the effect of social information on gender differences in selection into a winner-take-all tournament, using a simple addition task. Participants perform this task in multiple rounds and then select into a competitive or non-competitive pay scheme. Prior to choosing payment schemes, participants are shown selected results about average performance and choices in a similar experiment. I find that the inclusion of social information eliminates any extant gender gap in competitive choices in every treatment. The reduction in the gender gap is not due to greater efficiency of choices by men or women, even though inefficient choices by low-performing individuals are mostly eliminated. Rather, the inclusion of feedback causes men and women to select into a competitive pay scheme in a similar manner, thereby removing the gender gap. Despite these results, the complexity of the social information intervention used leaves some results unexplained. JEL Codes: C9, J2, J16.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Job Search: Trading off COMMUTE AGAINST WAGE*

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Le Barbanchon ◽  
Roland Rathelot ◽  
Alexandra Roulet
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Job Attributes ◽  
Joint Distributions ◽  
Application Data ◽  
Newly Hired

ABSTRACT We relate gender differences in willingness to commute to the gender wage gap. Using French administrative data on job search criteria, we first document that unemployed women have a lower reservation wage and a shorter maximum acceptable commute than their male counterparts. We identify indifference curves between wage and commute using the joint distributions of reservation job attributes and accepted job bundles. Indifference curves are steeper for women, who value commute around 20% more than men. Controlling in particular for the previous job, newly hired women are paid after unemployment 4% less per hour and have a 12% shorter commute than men. Through the lens of a job search model where commuting matters, we estimate that gender differences in commute valuation can account for a 0.5 log point hourly wage deficit for women, that is, 14% of the residualized gender wage gap. Finally, we use job application data to test the robustness of our results and to show that female workers do not receive less demand from far-away employers, confirming that most of the gender gap in commute is supply-side driven.

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