scholarly journals Objecthood, Flat Form, Political Formalism: OOO and Ben Lerner’s Hatred of Poetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-39
Author(s):  
Christian Moraru ◽  

This is a largely theoretical essay that, in conversation with Graham Harman’s energetic view of objects and Ben Lerner’s idiosyncratic theory of poetry, articulates the basic tenets of a “flat aesthetics” and then moves on to tease out this aesthetics’ ramifications in terms of form, reading thereof, and politics. When the object’s ontological dignity is acknowledged, as flat ontology does, and further, when literature too is dealt with as an object whose “intransitive” objecthood is recognized, literary form, Moraru argues, no longer reflects an elsewhere, a beyond, or other transcendent place, meaning, or design. Instead, this form deflects clarifying light “prismatically,” illuminating other objects, the bigger ensembles into which they are arranged, as well as the potential for new arrangements and worlds. Drawing from Lerner’s Hatred of Poetry, the article’s closing segment explains how this potentiality is already embedded in form qua object and sprouts dialectically from the limits within which literary forms inherently coalesce.

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
V. P. Moskvin

The article considers the positional conditions of the transition of [é] to [ó], the causes of this phonetic transformation, which can be traced back to the Old Russian language, as well as the conditions for its gradual weakening. On this basis, the A.A. Shakhmatov’s hypothesis, interpreting this transition as a type of regressive labialization, was defined more precisely. Stylistically and orthologically significant reflexes of transition [é] to [ó] in the literary form of the modern Russian national language and its non-literary forms have been characterized and systematized.


1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Grové

The aim of this study is to investigate the still unsatisfactorily addressed problem of the literary form of Revelation 2 and 3. In this article formula­tions and elements in the Old Testament prophecies (as pointed out by Aune, 1983) as well as the proposed definition of apocalyptic genre by Aune (1986) are applied. In this article Aune’s definition of apocalyptic literature, as applied by him to Revelation in totality, is applied specifically to Revelation 2 and 3. At the same time the findings of Aune (1990) that the seven pericopae have the form of royal edicts, as well as the conclusion of Shea (1983) that these messages have a covenantal form, are evaluated. The conclusion arrived at in this study points to the following: formally these seven messages are prophetic apocalypses as well as royal edicts. They display neither the form of epistles nor of Hittite vassals. As far as their content is concerned, they have a prophetic character which corres­ponds to the Old Testament prophecies. Each message in Revelation 2 and 3 functions as a book of comfort, conveys the idea of Christ as King, and states the promises of God to the seven churches. The messages in Re­velation 2 and 3 do not represent a single typical literary form of antiquity: it rather displays a combination of literary forms - and this should be taken into account in the interpretation of Revelation 2 and 3.


1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Mushat Frye

“A literary form is highly flexible, and even in that most rigorously structured of literary forms, the sonnet, it is subject to far greater variation than New Testament form criticism sometimes allows in its treatment of an apparently more flexible form such as the parable.”


Author(s):  
Jeremy Rosen

One of the virtues, indeed the pleasures, of genre study is the fact that it allows for telescoping between levels of analysis. Genre study endeavors like much historicist and sociological literary scholarship to tease out the relations between literary forms and broader social and cultural phenomena. This book has argued for a triple-stranded approach to studying genre, as it sits at the intersection of form, history, and the workings of social institutions. Analyzing the variations on the formula or recipe that constitute a genre aims to elucidate the transformations and adaptability of a literary form. The conventions that appear across a cross-section of a genre communicate a common set of assumptions, a shared social logic that helps explain why a succession of writers gravitate to a generic technique at a particular historical moment. And genres serve institutional and marketplace functions, helping producers target audiences and gain strategic advantages in the market, and providing satisfactions for readers. But because any text that utilizes a genre shares features with a wider corpus of texts while departing from them in other ways, genre study allows scholars to strive for claims about a genre’s greater social significance while remaining sensitive to the innovative or idiosyncratic features of individual texts. Genre, that is, appeals to the scholar who wants to reach for the breadth of social significance without abandoning the nuance of close reading. One can zoom in on a novel such as ...


2016 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wilson

In this article, I argue for greater consideration of the role of affect in fan fiction when comparing it with literary forms from antiquity. Fan fiction uses an affective hermeneutics—knowing through feeling—and as a literary form it is inextricable from the fannish discourses that produce it. Yuletide letters—story requests in the annual fan fiction gift exchange for historical RPF—show how fan fiction readers and writers frame knowledge of history in terms of affect in order to fill the gaps in the past.


Author(s):  
Andrew Hui

Aphorisms—or philosophical short sayings—appear everywhere, from Confucius to Twitter, the Buddha to the Bible, Heraclitus to Nietzsche. Yet despite this ubiquity, the aphorism is the least studied literary form. What are its origins? How did it develop? How do religious or philosophical movements arise from the enigmatic sayings of charismatic leaders? And why do some of our most celebrated modern philosophers use aphoristic fragments to convey their deepest ideas? This book crisscrosses histories and cultures to answer these questions and more. The book demonstrates how aphorisms—ranging from China, Greece, and biblical antiquity to the European Renaissance and nineteenth century—encompass sweeping and urgent programs of thought. Constructed as literary fragments, aphorisms open new lines of inquiry and horizons of interpretation. In this way, aphorisms have functioned as ancestors, allies, or antagonists to grand systems of philosophy. Encompassing literature, philology, and philosophy, the history of the book and the history of reading, this book invites us to reflect anew on what it means to think deeply about this pithiest of literary forms.


2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-345
Author(s):  
Ying Wang

From the 2nd century BC, the view emerged in China that the intent of the author is crucial to a poem’s composition and understanding. Writing was seen as the manifestation of the author’s inner spiritual nature and identity. Thus all writing was to some extent autobiographical; writing about oneself had to be indirect, rather than overt or blatant. There were a number of obstacles to the development of autobiography as a genre in China. A high value was placed on humility, and writers hesitated to focus on themselves, only rarely writing in the first person. They used different names for themselves, and unlikely literary forms, such as prefaces to works, or biographies of other people, or speaking through fictional characters. There was also resistance to autobiography, because it was thought that a life or career could only be assessed when it was over. There was still a substantial amount of autobiographical writing in ancient and medieval China. This article focuses primarily on the Tang and Song periods, and on the development of the literary form of the self-written epitaph; the earlier development of the genre and its later influence are also discussed.


Author(s):  
Vaughn Anderson

The science fiction form adopted by Santiago Páez, in "Uriel" (2006), and Giaconda Belli, in Waslala (1996), owes the rudiments of its literary structure to early colonial narratives of New World encounter. Such science fiction not only contains strong traces of what Mary Louise Pratt has famously called the “rhetoric of discovery,” but also employs tropes directly or indirectly inherited from colonial travel narratives. However, Páez and Belli associate this science fiction form with a legacy of United States neo-imperialism, in which colonial narratives have been invoked and repeated triumphantly in the construction of national imaginaries. In Central and South America, conversely, the novela de la selva—the other clear structural source for Páez and Belli, and a literary form equally indebted to colonial narratives of New World encounter—remains conscious of its enunciation as a postcolonial form critical of its colonial narrative sources. While the novela de la selva, then, shares a literary taproot with sci-fi narratives of futuristic exploration, Páez and Belli utilize the latter to renovate and reactivate the former’s critique of an imperialist legacy by exploiting tensions that arise between these two disparate literary forms whose central tropes so often coincide.  I argue that by adapting the ecologically aware New World imaginary peculiar to the novela de la selva, in which positivist ambitions of national expansion are checked by a forest that nevertheless becomes part of a national imaginary, Páez and Belli fundamentally alter the New World imaginary that underwrites high science fiction narratives of exploration and expansion.     Resumen   "Uriel" (2006), del Ecuatoriano Santiago Páez, y Waslala (1996), de la novelista nicaragüense Giaconda Belli, utilizan una forma específica de la ciencia ficción, la cual debe los elementos básicos de su estructura a las narrativas coloniales del "descubrimiento" del Nuevo Mundo. Este sub-género de la ciencia ficción no sólo demuestra lo que Mary Louise Pratt ha llamado una "rhetoric of discovery," sino que también emplea varios tropos heredados – directamente o indirectamente – de las crónicas coloniales. Sin embargo, en la obra de Páez y Belli, este sub-género se asocia principalmente con una tradición estadounidense de neoimperialismo, donde estas narrativas coloniales se celebran como parte integral de los imaginarios nacionalistas. En contraste, en Centroamérica y América del Sur, la novela de la selva – otra fuente narrativa para la obra de Páez y Belli, e igualmente fundamentada en las narrativas del descubrimiento del Nuevo Mundo – reconoce su propia enunciación como forma poscolonial y se mantiene crítica de sus fuentes coloniales. Así, mientras la novela de la selva comparte una raíz narrativa con este sub-género de la ciencia ficción, Páez y Belli hacen productivas las tensiones que surgen entre estas formas distintas cuyos tropos centrales, con mucha frecuencia, coinciden y entrechocan. En este ensayo argumento que el imaginario del Nuevo Mundo particular a la novela de la selva, marcado por una conciencia ecocrítica, sirve aquí para modificar y criticar los usos narrativos del Nuevo Mundo típicos de las narrativas futurísticas de exploración y expansión inter-galácticas.


Dialogue ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
John De Lucca

In Chapter II of his work The Philosophy of Spinoza, Wolfson accepts Descartes' distinction between the geometrical method of philosophizing and the geometrical form of literary exposition. The geometrical method of philosophizing is a method of demonstration and is essentially identical with “valid syllogistic reasoning as practised throughout the history of philosophy.” The geometrical form of literary exposition is one modelled after the literary form of Euclid's Elements. Wolfson proceeds to present two theses which serve as the premises of a conclusion respecting the relation between form and content in Spinoza's Ethics. The first thesis is that as a consequence of Spinoza's “mathematical way of looking at things” the geometrical method “is adopted by Spinoza and used consistently in his discussions of metaphysical matters throughout his chief philosophic work.” The second thesis is to the effect that there is no logical connection between the geometrical method of philosophizing and the geometrical literary form of exposition, i.e., a geometrizing philosopher, e.g., Descartes, need not employ the geometrical literary form. From these theses, serving as premises, Wolfson concludes that “there is no logical connection between the substance of Spinoza's philosophy and the form in which it is written” and, hence, “his choice of the Euclidian geometrical form is to be explained on other grounds.” Wolfson proceeds to present four possible reasons which, either individually or conjointly, may lie behind Spinoza's employment of the geometrical literary form: (1) on pedagogical grounds, (2) in reaction against certain literary forms which had developed since the Renaissance, (3) to avoid arguing against his opponents, and (4) for the sake of novelty.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Efnan Dervişoğlu

Almanya’ya işçi göçü, neden ve sonuçları, sosyal boyutlarıyla ele alınmış; göç ve devamındaki süreçte yaşanan sorunlar, konunun uzmanlarınca dile getirilmiştir. Fakir Baykurt’un Almanya öyküleri, sunduğu gerçekler açısından, sosyal bilimlerin ortaya koyduğu verilerle bağdaşan edebiyat ürünleri arasındadır. Yirmi yılını geçirdiği Almanya’da, göçmen işçilerle ve aileleriyle birlikte olup işçi çocuklarının eğitimine yönelik çalışmalarda bulunan yazarın gözlem ve deneyimlerinin ürünü olan bu öyküler, kaynağını yaşanmışlıktan alır; çalışmanın ilk kısmında, Fakir Baykurt’un yaşamına ve Almanya yıllarına dair bilgi verilmesi, bununla ilişkilidir. Öykülere yansıyan çocuk yaşamı ise çalışmanın asıl konusunu oluşturmaktadır. “Ev ve aile yaşamı”, “Eğitim yaşamı ve sorunları”, “Sosyal çevre, arkadaşlık ilişkileri ve Türk-Alman ayrılığı” ile “İki kültür arasında” alt başlıklarında, Türkiye’den göç eden işçi ailelerinde yetişen çocukların Almanya’daki yaşamları, karşılaştıkları sorunlar, öykülerin sunduğu veriler ışığında değerlendirilmiş; örneklemeye gidilmiştir. Bu öyküler, edebiyatın toplumsal gerçekleri en iyi yansıtan sanat olduğu görüşünü doğrular niteliktedir ve sosyolojik değerlendirmelere açıktır. ENGLISH ABSTRACTMigration and Children in Fakir Baykurt’s stories from GermanyThe migration of workers to Germany has been taken up with its causes, consequences and social dimensions; the migration and the problems encountered in subsequent phases have been stated by experts in the subject. Fakir Baykurt’s stories from Germany, regarding the reality they represent, are among the literary forms that coincide with the facts supplied by social sciences. These stories take their sources from true life experiences as the products of observations and experiences with migrant workers and their families in Germany where the writer has passed twenty years of his life and worked for the education of the worker’s children; therefore information related to Fakir Baykurt’s life and his years in Germany are provided in the first part of the study.  The life of children reflected in the stories constitutes the main theme of the study.  Under  the subtitles of “Family and Home Life”, “Education Life and related issues”, “Social environment, friendships and Turkish-German disparity” and “Amidst two cultures”, the lives in Germany of children who have been  raised in working class  families and  who have immigrated from Turkey are  evaluated under the light of facts provided by the stories and examples are given. These stories appear to confirm that literature is an art that reflects the social reality and is open to sociological assessments.KEYWORDS: Fakir Baykurt; Germany; labor migration; child; story


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