The Influence of Hydrogen Passivation on Conductive Properties of Graphene Nanomesh—Prospect Material for Carbon Nanotubes Growing

Graphene nanomesh (GNM) is one of the most intensively studied materials today. Chemical activity of atoms near GNM’s nanoholes provides favorable adsorption of different atoms and molecules, besides that, GNM is a prospect material for growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on its surface. This study calculates the dependence of CNT’s growing parameters on the geometrical form of a nanohole. It was determined by the original methodic that the CNT’s growing from circle nanoholes was the most energetically favorable. Another attractive property of GNM is a tunable gap in its band structure that depends on GNM’s topology. It is found by quantum chemical methods that the passivation of dangling bonds near the hole of hydrogen atoms decreases the conductance of the structure by 2–3.5 times. Controlling the GNM’s conductance may be an important tool for its application in nanoelectronics.

3D Point Cloud Data in Conveying Information for Local Green Factor Assessment

The importance of ensuring the adequacy of urban ecosystem services and green infrastructure has been widely highlighted in multidisciplinary research. Meanwhile, the consolidation of cities has been a dominant trend in urban development and has led to the development and implementation of the green factor tool in cities such as Berlin, Melbourne, and Helsinki. In this study, elements of the green factor tool were monitored with laser-scanned and photogrammetrically derived point cloud datasets encompassing a yard in Espoo, Finland. The results show that with the support of 3D point clouds, it is possible to support the monitoring of the local green infrastructure, including elements of smaller size in green areas and yards. However, point clouds generated by distinct means have differing abilities in conveying information on green elements, and canopy covers, for example, might hinder these abilities. Additionally, some green factor elements are more promising for 3D measurement-based monitoring than others, such as those with clear geometrical form. The results encourage the involvement of 3D measuring technologies for monitoring local urban green infrastructure (UGI), also of small scale.

Experimental Study of the Air Side Performance of Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger with Different Fin Material in Dehumidifying Conditions

Under dehumidifying conditions, the condensed water will directly affect the heat transfer and resistance characteristics of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger. The geometrical form of condensed water on fin surfaces of three different fin materials (i.e., copper fin, aluminum fin, and aluminum fin with hydrophilic layer) in a fin-and-circular-tube heat exchanger was experimentally studied in this paper. The effect of the three different fin materials on heat transfer and friction performance of the heat exchanger was researched, too. The results show that the condensation state on the surface of copper fin and aluminum fin are dropwise condensation. The condensation state on the surface of the aluminum fin with the hydrophilic layer is film condensation. For the three different material fins, increasing the air velocity (ua,in) and relative humidity (RHin) of the inlet air can enhance the heat transfer of the heat exchanger. Friction factor (f) of the three different material fins decreases with the increase of ua,in, however, increases with the increase of RHin. At the same ua,in or RHin, Nusselt number (Nu) of the copper fin heat exchanger is the largest and Nu of the aluminum fin with hydrophilic layer is the smallest, f of the aluminum fin heat exchanger is the largest and f of the aluminum fin with hydrophilic layer is the smallest. Under the identical pumping power constrain, the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the copper fin heat exchanger is the best for the studied cases.

Fractal-Dimension-Based Walking Trajectory Analysis: A Case Study in Museum J. Armand Bombardier

A comprehensive understanding of the randomness, arbitrariness, and complexity of the visitors’ behavior and interaction in a museum is important because it is associated with the design. There is still uncertainty about how to characterize the visitors’ behavior and interaction. The fractal dimension was used in this study to indicate the geometrical form of the aged’s, the families’, and the students’ walking trajectories. The study results represented that all three sorts of the walking trajectory fractal-dimension-time curves fluctuated in the early stage. A remarkable exponential converges could then be observed. The mean fractal dimension after the convergence of the aged’s, the families’, and the students’ walking trajectory was nearly 1.8, 1.6, and 1.2, respectively. Furthermore, the behavior characteristics of these three sorts of visitors were quantified and the reasons were speculated and inferred. The comprehensive consideration of fractal geometry can aid in visitors’ behavior modeling and museum design.

Linear Diophantine Uncertain Linguistic Power Einstein Aggregation Operators and Their Applications to Multiattribute Decision Making

Linear Diophantine uncertain linguistic set (LDULS) is a modified variety of the fuzzy set (FS) to manage problematic and inconsistent information in actual life troubles. LDULS covers the grade of truth, grade of falsity, and their reference parameters with the uncertain linguistic term (ULT) with a rule 0 ≤ α AMG u AMG x + β ANG v AMG x ≤ 1 , where 0 ≤ α AMG + β ANG ≤ 1 . In this study, the principle of LDULS and their useful laws are elaborated. Additionally, the power Einstein (PE) aggregation operator (AO) is a conventional sort of AO utilized in innovative decision-making troubles, which is effective to aggregate the family of numerical elements. To determine the interrelationship between any numbers of arguments, we elaborate the linear Diophantine uncertain linguistic PE averaging (LDULPEA), linear Diophantine uncertain linguistic PE weighted averaging (LDULPEWA), linear Diophantine uncertain linguistic PE geometric (LDULPEG), and linear Diophantine uncertain linguistic PE weighted geometric (LDULPEWG) operators; then, we discuss their useful results. Conclusively, a decision-making methodology is utilized for the multiattribute decision-making (MADM) dilemma with elaborated information. A sensible illustration is specified to demonstrate the accessibility and rewards of the intended technique by comparison with certain prevailing techniques. The intended AOs are additional comprehensive than the prevailing ones to exploit the ambiguous and inaccurate knowledge. Numerous remaining operators are chosen as individual incidents of the suggested one. Ultimately, the supremacy and advantages of the elaborated operators are also discussed with the help of the geometrical form to show the validity and consistency of explored operators.

A Holistic Approach Towards Surface Topography Analyses for Ice Tribology Applications

A surface texture can be subdivided into three categories based on the magnitude of its wavelengths, i.e., macro-geometrical form, waviness, and roughness (from largest to smallest). Together, these components define how a surface will interact with the opposing surface. In most ice tribology studies, <2% of the entire sample surface is topographically analyzed. Although such a small percentage of the entire surface area generally provides statistically relevant information, the missing information about the texture complexity on a larger scale might reduce the possibility of accurately explaining the resulting tribological behavior. The purpose of this study was to review the existing surface measurement methods related to ice tribology and to present a holistic approach towards surface topography measurements for ice tribology applications. With the holistic surface measurement approach, the entire sample surfaces are scanned, and the measured data is analyzed on different magnitude levels. The discussed approach was applied to sandblasted steel samples which were afterward tested on two different ice tribometers. The experimental results showed that additional information about the sample surface topography enabled a better understanding of the ice friction mechanisms and allowed for a more straightforward correlation between the sample surface topography and its ice friction response.

Stílus, forma, esztétika

Olyan átfogó stílusok, mint a gótika a reneszánsz vagy a barokk voltak, napjainkban nem segítik az építész munkáját a formaalakításában, de különböző stílusok, brandek és ideológiák nagy számban választhatók. A választás létre is jön – elsősorban az azonosíthatóság és a jó eladhatóság érdekében – az építészirodák formaalkotási metódusát alapvetően meghatározva. Az így létrejövő építészeti formák nem az adott feladatból következnek, nem az adott feladathoz kapcsolódnak, hanem a meglévő formakészlet elemeinek használatával, adaptálásával jönnek létre.A kortárs művészetben nem csak az építészet küzd a forma ellehetetlenülésével, kiüresedésével. Az irodalomban ugyanúgy kérdésessé vált a forma, a stílus, és kérdésessé vált a gondolat, a mondanivaló direkt ábrázolása. Az irodalomra is figyelve, a párhuzamok segíthetnek a helyzet pontos leírásában, értelmezésében, és szélesíthetik az építészeti horizontot.Azonban nem csak a huszadik század végi, huszonegyedik század eleji építészet sajátja a formai dogmatizmus, az már a kezdet kezdetén megjelent a Modern Mozgalomban. A CIAM és Le Corbusier stiláris diktátumával szemben aktív és passzív ellenállás fejlődött ki. Több jelentős, korszerűen gondolkozó építész hangoztatta, írta le ellenvéleményét, tiltakozva a Modern Mozgalom kiáltványai ellen. A passzívan tiltakozó építészek egyszerűen távol tartották magukat a Mozgalomtól és járták a saját maguk szabta, de modern útjukat. Az aktív és passzív ellenállást tanúsító építészek vonulatát St. John Wilson a modern építészet másik hagyományaként írta le.A modern építészet másik hagyományának folytatásaként – a kortárs tervezésben – a stiláris, formai, esztétikai, gondolati, ideológiai megközelítések elutasítása lehetőséget jelenthet az építész számára egy olyan tervezés gyakorlására, ami a sokrétű építészeti feladatra tud koncentrálni, nem a formai kérdések határozzák meg a tervezést. Az építészet elemi sajátosságaira alapozva, a tervezési helyzet kiértékelése, a funkció betöltése a fundamentum. Minden más ezekből kiindulva alakul, következik, az építészetet praktikus művészetként (techné) gyakorolva.Ez a vonulata az építészetnek nem használ olyan formákat, amelyek nem a tervezési helyzetből következnek, így az épület populáris gesztusok, formák híján a legtöbb esetben nem lesz érdekes a primer érzékelés számára. Az ilyen mű befogadásához csend és elmélyülés kell.However, such overall styles as gothic, renaissance and baroque do not help contemporary architects in creating forms but different styles, brands and ideologies could be chosen freely. The choice is maid – usually for identification and marketability – defining the form creation method of the architecture offices. The forms created like this do not follow the assignment task nor are connected to the architectural or natural context, but these forms are stylistically or ideologically preconceived.The architectural form, structure which is independent from task is not only the contemporary architecture’s peculiarity. At the beginning of the architectural Modern Movement Le Corbusier and the CIAM canonized the International Style. But W. M. Dudok, the Dutch architect (and several other prominent architects) protested against a regime of pre-ordained geometrical form.In the contemporary architecture the MVRDV is diligent to create interesting architectural forms to raise their popularity, however, a few decades ago Winy Maas protested against the formalism: admonishing the architects to design buildings just with transforming the abstract statistic information into a concrete form. Daniel Libeskind said about his Jewish Museum in Berlin: “that was my intent in creating a building that tells a story. Architecture just like any art should tell a story.” And he developed a useless populist building using deconstructive ornaments.But there are a few star architects who do not care about brand building and popularity. One of them is Peter Zumthor, who wrote about the design process of Thermal Baths in Vals: “I remembered how we recently developed a project…not by forming preliminary images of the building in our minds and subsequently adapting them to the assignment, but by endeavouring to answer basic questions arising from the location of the given site, the purpose and the building materials – mountain, rock, water – which at the first had no visual content in terms of existing architecture.”

NOISE PROTECTIVE SCREENS AS MEANS OF OPTIMIZATION OF NOISE MODE

One of factors that negatively influence on an environment is noise. Noise can negatively influence on a health man. Determination of effective measures of noise rotection of workplaces became the aim of our researches. Certainly, that the most more showy measure are the so-called screens. It is significant, it is the most effective entrance of the city. They became the theme of our research. By us were the studied systems of classifications of screens. They are divided depending on such parameters: on the method of action; after a geometrical form; after an outline in a plan; after the method of arranging, on material. Defining advantages or lacks of the two following charts is impossible (id est there is not sense). They are accepted as given. Consideration of frequent is carried out from the source of noise, that it is located in a narrow corridor between an abat-voix and other obstacle. For simplification it is possible to accept the location of source of noise directly on the surface of soil: the point of source of noise is successfully approximated by a location directly on the surface of soil; distance between this surface and very had an actual mestome to the locations, easily yields to the calculation, i always can be a little rather entered in a calculation as an insignificant additional correction. If we consider reflections not from the left, but from the right screen, absolutely adequate formulas can be derived, in which (taking into account the mirror symmetry of geometric construction), the corresponding indexes are simply replaced... At some stage, the multiple reflection stops. This happens when the height of one of the reflection points exaggerates the height of one of the screens. The sound beam has nothing more to reflect, and it enters the space (to the sky). Therefore, when describing each reflection, we provide boundary conditions for its happening. A voice ray falls on a screen, and reflected from a that screen under the same corner q. It is suggested to "delete" a voice ray by us, directing him to sky above an oppositely stand-up screen after the first beating back.