Nitrate, nitrite and microbial denitrification in drinking water from Ozun village (Covasna County, Romania) and the association between changes during water storage

Abstract: Factors Related To Occurrence Of Diarrhea In 4-6 Year Children. Diarrhea cases in 4-6-year-old children in Desa Kalimas raised annually, from 10% in 2013 to 33% in 2014, and 35% in 2015. This study aimed at factors related to diarrhea cases in 4-6-year-old children in Desa Kalimas Kecamatan Sungai Kakap. Cross Sectional approach was used forty one sample participated in this study. They were selected by using proportional random sampling technique. The data analysis using chi-square test with a 95% confidence level. The study revealed significant correlation of hand washing (p = 0,043 ; PR = 2,175), microbial quality of drinking water storage (p = 0,016 ; PR = 1,462), availability of family latrine (p = 0,003 ; PR = 3,242), and diarrhea cases. There was no significant correlation between diarrhea cases are the habit of boiling water with the microbial quality of drinking water, the source of water for washing cutlery, and microbial of drinking water, (p > 0,05). It is hoped health authorized staffs in Desa Kalimas apply community- based total sanitation, enhance clean and healthy behaviour, and socialize healthy drinking water storage based on Regulation of Minister of Healthy No. 3/2014.Abstrak: Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Diare Pada Anak Usia 4-6 Tahun. Angka kejadian diare pada anak usia 4-6 tahun di Desa Kalimas mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Tahun 2013 kejadian diare sebesar 10%, tahun 2014 sebesar 33% dan 35% pada tahun 2015. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diare pada anak usia 4-6 tahun di Desa Kalimas Kecamatan Sungai Kakap. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 45 orang yang diambil menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Uji statistik yang digunakan uji chi-square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kebiasaan mencuci tangan dengan diare (p = 0,043; PR = 2,175), penyimpanan air minum dengan kualitas mikrobiologi air minum (p = 0,016; PR = 1,462), ketersediaan jamban keluarga dengan diare (p = 0,003; PR = 3,242). Variabel yang tidak berhubungan yaitu kebiasaan memasak air dengan kualitas mikrobiologi air minum, sumber air untuk mencuci alat makan/minum dan kualitas mikrobiologi air minum dengan diare (p ≥ 0,005). Disarankan agar di Desa Kalimas bisa diterapkan program STBM dan peningkatan penerapan PHBS pada masyarakat Desa Kalimas serta mensosialisasikan cara penyimpanan air minum yang baik sesuai dengan Permenkes No 3 tahun 2014.

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Drinking water quality and solar disinfection: Effectiveness in peri-urban households in Nepal

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2005.036 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 239-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Rochelle C. Rainey ◽

Anna K. Harding

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Fecal Coliform ◽

Fecal Contamination ◽

Water Storage ◽

Capital City ◽

Source Water ◽

Solar Disinfection ◽

Urban Households ◽

Household Water ◽

Storage Containers

The study examined pH, turbidity and fecal contamination of drinking water from household water storage containers, wells and taps, and the Godawari River, and tested the effectiveness of solar disinfection (SODIS) in reducing levels of fecal contamination from household containers. The research was conducted in 40 households in a village 6 km outside the capital city of Kathmandu, Nepal. Three rounds of data were collected: a baseline in March 2002 followed by training in solar disinfection, and follow-ups in June and July 2002. Untreated drinking water was found to have levels of contamination ranging from 0 to too numerous to count fecal coliform CFU 100 ml−1. Source water was significantly more contaminated than water from the household storage containers. Wells were less contaminated than taps. SODIS reduced the level of contamination under household conditions. Turbidity from taps was above 30 NTU in the rainy season, above the maximum for effective solar disinfection. SODIS was routinely adopted by only 10% of the participating households during the study.

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Characterization by fluorescence of dissolved organic matter in rural drinking water storage tanks in Morocco

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2018.002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 321-328

Author(s):

Faissal Aziz ◽

Naaila Ouazzani ◽

Laila Mandi ◽

Aziz Assaad ◽

Steve Pontvianne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Water Storage ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Synchronous Fluorescence ◽

Storage Tanks ◽

Reservoir Water ◽

Synchronous Fluorescence Spectra

Abstract Water storage tanks, fed directly from the river through opened channels, are particular systems used for water supply in rural areas in Morocco. The stored water is used as drinking water by the surrounding population without any treatment. UV-visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy (excitation-emission matrices and synchronous fluorescence) have been tested as rapid methods to assess the quality of the water stored in the reservoirs as well as along the river feeding them. Synchronous fluorescence spectra (SFS50), collected with a difference of 50 nm between excitation and emission wavelengths, revealed a high tryptophan-like fluorescence, indicative of a pollution induced by untreated domestic and/or farm wastewater. The best correlations were obtained between the total SFS50 fluorescence and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and biological oxygen demand, showing that the contribution of humic-like fluorescent substances cannot be neglected to rapidly assess reservoir water quality in terms of DOC by fluorescence spectroscopy.

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Evaluation of Monochloramine and Free Chlorine Penetration in a Drinking Water Storage Tank Sediment Using Microelectrodes

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/acs.est.9b01189 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (16) ◽

pp. 9352-9360 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hong Liu ◽

David G. Wahman ◽

Jonathan G. Pressman

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Storage Tank ◽

Water Storage ◽

Free Chlorine ◽

Water Storage Tank

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Nouvelle approche pour déterminer la distribution des temps de séjour dans les réservoirs d'eau potable en régime non permanent

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/l02-058 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 612-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Éric Mainville ◽

Vincent Gauthier ◽

Daniel Lavallée ◽

Claude Marche

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Unsteady Flow ◽

Time Distribution ◽

Residence Time Distribution ◽

Water Storage ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Tracer Study ◽

Storage Tanks ◽

Flow Conditions ◽

New Approach

Drinking water storage tanks are used to respond to fluctuating demand and to maintain water pressure in the distribution network. In drinking water plants, they are also used for disinfection. In both cases, a good knowledge of the residence time distribution (RTD) is important. An easy way to obtain the water RTD in a drinking water tank is to perform a tracer study. Nevertheless, "classical" tracing techniques can only be used under steady flow conditions. To cope with that, this study proposes a new approach to extend the application of tracer tests to unsteady flow conditions. This new approach is based on signal processing. It has been tested numerically and on a pilot scale model. The numerical tests have shown that this technique can be used for determining the RTD twice more rapidly than the "classical" methods. Thus, this technique allows to approach the knowledge of the RTD under unsteady flow conditions. Pilot scale tests have shown the need for other improvements to bring the quality of the results obtained to the same level of goodness as those obtained from a theorical example.Key words: drinking water, storage tanks, water quality, tracer study, residence time distribution, signal processing, unsteady flow.

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Effect of Cold-Water Storage Cisterns on Drinking-Water Quality

Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management ◽

10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000132 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 137 (5) ◽

pp. 448-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hassan I. Mohamed ◽

Ali A. M. Gad

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Cold Water ◽

Water Storage ◽

Drinking Water Quality

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DESIGN OF TANDON AND AUTOMATIC FILLING TOOLS ON DISPENSERS WITH ULTRASONIC SENSORS

Journal of Academic Research and Sciences (JARES) ◽

10.35457/jares.v4i1.690 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 55-64

Author(s):

Hafizt Azzari Aldaf ◽

Indyah Hartami Santi ◽

Yusniarsi Primasari

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Level ◽

Cold Water ◽

Water Storage ◽

Ultrasonic Sensor ◽

Hot Water ◽

Storage Tanks ◽

Ultrasonic Sensors ◽

Modern Era ◽

Maximum Limit

Nowdays, The development of water dispensers has hot and cold water technology, but fills water into cold and hot water storage tanks by lifting and putting the gallons on top of the dispenser so that water can flow into hot and cold water storage tanks, this is assessed less efficient. The purpose of making this tool is to make it easier for users to install gallons without having to lift the gallon and put it on top of the reservoir, it can also facilitate the taking of drinking water without having to press or open the faucet first. Because in modern era, the need for tools that work automatically and efficiently are increasing. The results of this study indicate that automatic water and faucet filler devices in dispensers using ultrasonic sensors as a whole work well and are in accordance with the function specified. The function of the ultrasonic sensor is as a reader the maximum limit of water level in the reservoir, so that when the water is in its maximum state, the pump will stop filling the reservoir. And the ultrasonic sensor in front of the dispenser functions to read the glass, the sensor will detect and then be received by the microcontroller and continue to execute the relay and open the selenoid so that the water can come out.

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MONITORING OF DRINKING WATER RESERVOIRS OF KOPARGAON CITY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ALGAL FLORA AT YESGAON, DIST. AHMEDHNAGAR MAHARASHTRA (M.S.), INDIA

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i9.2020.1344 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 16-21

Author(s):

R. R. Sanap ◽

B. P. Shevare ◽

M. M. Barwant

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Water Storage ◽

Summer Season ◽

Algal Flora ◽

Storage Tanks ◽

Algal Population ◽

Dominant Group ◽

Storage Reservoirs ◽

Investigation Period

Algal collection from 5 drinking water storage reservoirs of Kopargaon city was carried out for one year. A total 39 genera and 62 species belonging to four classes were encountered during investigation period. Present studies revealed that, algal population was not found homogenous throughout the year, but it showed seasonal variation. During monsoon the algal population recorded was less, which increases in winter and found more in summer season. Chlorophyceae was found to be the dominant group throughout the investigation period in all storage tanks consisting of large number of genera and species. Many planktonic, some benthic and epiphytic algae were encountered during investigation period at all five water storage reservoirs. The commonly occurred genera were Ankistrodesmus, Closterium, Cosmarium, Spirogyra, Ulothrix from class Chlorophyceae, while from Cyanophyceae, Merismopedia, Microcystis, Oscillatoria, and Lyngbya are dominating forms. Desmids wear found in dominant condition in all storage tanks indicating unpolluted condition of water. Maximum population of Cosmarium was recorded during summer season, while Closterium species were recorded throughout the year. Other genera recorded were Staurastrum, Xanthidium, Euastrum, Micrasterias, Arthrodesmus, Desmidium, etc. Diatoms were recorded more in number during winter, while Euglenophycean members were sparsely reported only in summer. During present studies tremendous variations in Desmid diversity was noticed during summer and winter as compared to monsoon season.

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