Aspects about bouncing of plough caused by random

AbstractDetermination of the Ruteng Recreation Nature Park had caused conflicts over tenure for Colol custom community have been in and around the area since before the establishment. Conflict was due for access to agricultural land use and timber had closed by the management. The conflict resolution involves three elements, namely the government, customs and religion which are called the three pillars. This study aims to understand the stages of the tenure conflict, relevant stakeholders and the conflict resolution. The study was conducted Colol village in April to May 2016. Acquisition of data using observation, in-depth interviews with a purposive and snowball and secondary data. Analysis of data using conflict tree analysis, stakeholders and mapping conflicts. The results showed that the cause of the conflict is the difference in value systems that implicates disagreement land status and boundaries as well as the uncertainty of access due to rights issues and access. Conflict resolution is required is to build trust between the parties, improve communication to reduce the differences in perception, increased involvement of indigenous peoples in the management of Ruteng Recreation Park, reconstruction of recreation park boundaries involving the parties, especially the major stakeholders and optimizing the coordination and communication between the parties.Colol Custom Community determine their traditional territory option to pull out of the Ruteng Recreation Park.

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Principles of Good Faith in Harmonization of Partnership Cooperation on the Distribution of Nine Food Ingredients at PT Sarana PanganMadani, Pekanbaru City

International Journal of Science, Technology & Management ◽

10.46729/ijstm.v2i1.111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 388-397

Author(s):

Yeni Triana ◽

Handana

Keyword(s):

Community Service ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Limited Liability ◽

Good Faith ◽

Business Community ◽

Market Prices ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Limited Knowledge ◽

The Difference ◽

The Relationship

The problem of limited knowledge of partners about agreements or contracts in general, and in particular regarding the principle of good faith in business activities faced by business actors and company management, which generally consists of millennial youth, which can be said to be still lacking in understanding the principle of commitment well, as a guideline in carrying out the actions of a company, especially companies with legal entities, such as Limited Liability Companies, where PT Sarana PanganMadani, has established many partnerships, which of course must keep the relationship harmonious, sometimes the relationship is already running, due to limited knowledge, experience, there was a clash that would definitely hinder good relations, both parties, for example, at the beginning of the negotiation there was an agreement, which gave birth to a partnership to distribute the nine staples, but in its implementation, there were obstacles, which caused Due to the difference in prices, even though at the beginning of the negotiation the price was already agreed to, but there was a change, which was due to an increase in market prices or production prices, so that the price that was agreed upon earlier, of course changed, this change is a problem of misunderstanding between the two parties, according to Partners. PT Sarana PanganMadani, the company raised prices unilaterally, while from the PT stated that due to changes in market prices, this is one example which is a significant obstacle, resulting in inconsistencies in the development of partner businesses which are good business groups providing distribution of nine staples daily activities, as well as providing business capital to develop agricultural land, as well as services, ranging from basic materials to packaging ready to be marketed. In this community service program, the priority issue agreed upon by the PKM FH Unilak proposer together with his partner, PT Sarana PanganMadani, to be resolved is to provide understanding through legal counseling about the principles of good faith in cooperating with the business community. Thus, after the program is implemented, it is hoped that partners will gain a correct understanding and have knowledge of agreements or contracts in general, and in particular the principles of good faith in this partnership. The method that will be used in this community service is to use lectures that will be directly at the PT Sarana PanganMadani office.

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On an extension of the stochastic linearization

Vietnam Journal of Mechanics ◽

10.15625/0866-7136/10213 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Di Paola Mario ◽

Nguyen Dong Anh

Keyword(s):

Nonlinear Systems ◽

Nonlinear Equation ◽

Random Excitation ◽

Linearization Method ◽

Mean Square ◽

Fundamental Idea ◽

Stochastic Linearization ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Stochastic linearization method is one of the most useful tools for analysis of nonlinear systems under random excitation. The fundamental idea of the classical stochastic linearization consists in replacing the original nonlinear equation by a linear one in such a way that the difference between two equations is minimized in the mean square value. In this paper a new version of the stochastic linearization is proposed. It is shown that for two nonlinear systems considered the new version gives good results for both the weak and strong nonlinearities.

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Agricultural Environments

The Biology of Agroecosystems ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198737520.003.0002 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 5-26

Author(s):

Nicola P. Randall ◽

Barbara Smith

Keyword(s):

Historical Development ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Production Systems ◽

Agricultural Systems ◽

The World ◽

Global Agriculture ◽

The Difference ◽

Managed Ecosystems

This chapter outlines the origin and historical development of global agriculture. Agricultural systems around the world are extremely diverse, but all involve the management of land for the production of food and other commodities. Agroecosystems encompass a wide variety of production systems, both within and between different regions, and different classifications are used to order these. Characteristics and classifications of some major types of contemporary agricultural systems are introduced. The difference between agricultural and natural (or alternatively managed) ecosystems and farmed versus unfarmed habitats on agricultural land is explored, and examples of each are provided. Some of the impacts of agriculture on wider ecosystems are introduced.

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Changes of the Boreal Winter Hadley Circulation in the NCEP–NCAR and ECMWF Reanalyses: A Comparative Study

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli4260.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 20 (20) ◽

pp. 5191-5200 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Hua Song ◽

Minghua Zhang

Keyword(s):

Radiative Forcing ◽

Atmospheric Transport ◽

Vertical Motion ◽

Hadley Circulation ◽

Western Pacific ◽

Boreal Winter ◽

Tropical Western Pacific ◽

The Difference ◽

Upper Level ◽

Static Energy

Abstract Both the ECMWF and the NCEP–NCAR reanalyses show a strengthening of the atmospheric Hadley circulation in boreal winter over the last 50 years, but the intensification is much stronger in the ECMWF than in the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis. This study focuses on the difference of these trends in the two reanalyses. It is shown that trends in the Hadley circulation in the two reanalyses differ mainly over the tropical western Pacific. This difference is found to be consistent with respective trends of the atmospheric transport of moist static energy, longwave cloud radiative forcing, and upper-level clouds in the two reanalyses. Two independent datasets of upper-level cloud cover and sea level pressure from ship-based measurements are then used to evaluate the reanalyses over the tropical western Pacific. They are found to be more consistent with the trends in the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis than those in the ECMWF reanalysis. The results suggest a weakening of the vertical motion associated with the Hadley circulation in the tropical western Pacific.

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RESEARCH ON RULES-BASED BUSINESS PROCESS MODELLING AND SIMULATION / TAISYKLĖMIS GRINDŽIAMŲ VERSLO PROCESŲ MODELIAVIMO IR SIMULIAVIMO TYRIMAS

Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis ◽

10.3846/mla.2014.19 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 147-150

Author(s):

Kęstutis Stankevičius ◽

Olegas Vasilecas

Keyword(s):

Business Process ◽

Process Simulation ◽

Process Modelling ◽

Modelling And Simulation ◽

Business Rules ◽

Business Process Modelling ◽

Simulation Process ◽

Simulation And Modelling ◽

The Difference ◽

Manipulation Process

Googling the term “Business Process Simulation” in April 2013 yielded only 42.1 thousand hits. It is not much compared with googling the term such as “Business Process Modelling” in the same time, which yielded approx. 1.470 million hits. That is 35 times more compared to the previous search. The difference between modelling and simulation is arguable. In fact, the terms ‘simulation’ and ‘modelling’ are often used synonymously, but the authors prefer to distinguish between the terms and look at modelling as an act of building a model while simulation is considered an act or even a process of using that model for a specific purpose or study. If simulation is a manipulation process of one or more variables, which can be changed and observed, then this kind of process is best managed and controlled by business rules that can also be manipulated in the simulation process. „Google“ paieškoje įvestas terminas „Business Process Simulation“ 2013 metų balandžio mėn. duoda tik 42,1 tūkst. paieškos rezultatų. Tai nėra daug, palyginti su kitu paieškos terminu „Business Process Modelling“. Tuo pačiu metu reikšminiai paieškos žodžiai duoda apie 1,470 milijono paieškos rezultatų. Tai 35 kartus daugiau, palyginti su prieš tai daryta paieška. Galima ginčytis, ar yra skirtumas tarp modeliavimo ir simuliavimo? Iš tiesų žodžiai „modeliavimas“ ir „simuliavimas“ dažnai vartojami kaip sinonimai, tačiau straipsnyje siūloma į modeliavimą ir simuliavimą žiūrėti skirtingai, t. y. į modeliavimą kaip į veiksmą, kuris sukuria modelį, į simuliavimą – kaip į veiksmą arba procesą, kuris sudaro sąlygas taikyti šį modelį konkrečiam tikslui arba tyrimui atlikti. Jeigu apibrėžiama, kad simuliavimas yra vieno ar daugiau kintamųjų manipuliacijos procesas, kurį galima pakeisti ir stebėti, tada taip pat galima susitarti, kad šis procesas geriausiai grindžiamas verslo taisyklėmis, kurios gali būti papildomos arba keičiamos simuliavimo proceso metu.

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Numerical study of the vertical vibration of a vehicle model with variable speed

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1199/1/012087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1199 (1) ◽

pp. 012087

Author(s):

M Sága ◽

M Vaško ◽

Z Ságová ◽

L Jakubovičová ◽

M Handrik

Keyword(s):

Numerical Study ◽

Numerical Procedure ◽

Vertical Motion ◽

Random Excitation ◽

Vertical Vibration ◽

Railway Vehicle ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Variable Speed ◽

Gaussian Random Process ◽

Stationary Random Function

Abstract The paper deals with the numerical analysis of the general model of vehicle oscillations considering the non-stationarity of random excitation. The model parameters of the applied railway vehicle are deterministic functions. The non-stationary random function will be modelled by the variable speed of the vehicle and the vertical unevenness of the track. The so-called evolutionary Gaussian random process will be considering. The proposed comparative study of the dynamics of the vertical motion of the analysed railway vehicle will be realized using Monte Carlo simulation and a numerical procedure based on the theory of Markov processes. The originality of the article can be found in the implementation and algorithmization of the principles of solving non-stationary oscillation problems of machines. A universal methodology applicable in the dynamics of machines of various purposes is presented.

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Corrected TOGA COARE Sounding Humidity Data: Impact on Diagnosed Properties of Convection and Climate over the Warm Pool

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/2790.1 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 16 (14) ◽

pp. 2370-2384 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

Paul E. Ciesielski ◽

Richard H. Johnson ◽

Patrick T. Haertel ◽

Junhong Wang

Keyword(s):

Cloud Model ◽

Convective Available Potential Energy ◽

Vertical Motion ◽

Warm Pool ◽

Radiative Heating ◽

Tropical Ocean ◽

Toga Coare ◽

Beneficial Impact ◽

Corrected Data ◽

The Difference

Abstract This study reports on the humidity corrections in the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) upper-air sounding dataset and their impact on diagnosed properties of convection and climate over the warm pool. During COARE, sounding data were collected from 29 sites with Vaisala-manufactured systems and 13 sites with VIZ-manufactured systems. A recent publication has documented the characteristics of the humidity errors at the Vaisala sites and a procedure to correct them. This study extends that work by describing the nature of the VIZ humidity errors and their correction scheme. The corrections, which are largest in lower-tropospheric levels, generally increase the moisture in the Vaisala sondes and decrease it in the VIZ sondes. Use of the corrected humidity data gives a much different perspective on the characteristics of convection during COARE. For example, application of a simple cloud model shows that the peak in convective mass flux shifts from about 8°N with the uncorrected data to just south of the equator with corrected data, which agrees better with the diagnosed vertical motion and observed rainfall. Also, with uncorrected data the difference in mean convective available potential energy (CAPE) between Vaisala and VIZ sites is over 700 J kg−1; with the correction, both CAPEs are around ∼1300 J kg−1, which is consistent with a generally uniform warm pool SST field. These results suggest that the intensity and location of convection would differ significantly in model simulations with humidity-corrected data, and that the difficulties which the reanalysis products had in reproducing the observed rainfall during COARE may be due to the sonde humidity biases. The humidity-corrected data appear to have a beneficial impact on budget-derived estimates of rainfall and radiative heating rate, such that revised estimates show better agreement with those from independent sources.

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An Invariant for Wheel-Generated Motions and the Logic of its Determination

Perception ◽

10.1068/p090435 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 435-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Dennis R Proffïtt ◽

James E Cutting

Keyword(s):

Information Extraction ◽

Vertical Motion ◽

Perceptual System ◽

Stimulus Event ◽

Motion Paths ◽

The Difference ◽

The One ◽

Point Light

Observers appear to perceive the paths of abstract centers of point-light configurations in making judgments about movement. For configurations on rolling wheels a metric was derived that described the relative vertical motion of this point. It was hypothesized that the smaller the metric the more the stimulus should appear to move in a wheel-like manner with linear translation. In two experiments observers viewed pairs of stimuli and were asked to select either the event that appeared most wheel-like or the one that hopped the most. Viewers consistently selected the stimulus with the smaller metric as being more wheel-like, with a frequency that increased with the difference between metrics. The inverse of this pattern was found for those observers requested to select the stimulus that hopped most. In a second set of two experiments observers drew the translationl paths of these stimuli. Their drawings corresponded to the motion paths of configural centroids. Together, these results strongly suggest that observers perceive the translational component of the motion of the configurations as the path described by their centroids, or geometric centers. We propose that this description of the stimulus event is determined by the logical ordering of information extraction provided by the perceptual system, and discuss this logic and cases where it seems evident.

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Small-scale dynamics of settling, bidisperse particles in turbulence

Journal of Fluid Mechanics ◽

10.1017/jfm.2018.24 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 839 ◽

pp. 594-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Rohit Dhariwal ◽

Andrew D. Bragg

Keyword(s):

Froude Number ◽

Isotropic Turbulence ◽

Spatial Clustering ◽

Fluid Velocity ◽

Vertical Motion ◽

Collision Kernel ◽

Small Scale ◽

Inertial Particles ◽

Plane Normal ◽

The Difference

Mixing and collisions of inertial particles at the small scales of turbulence can be investigated by considering how pairs of particles move relative to each other. In real problems the two particles will have different sizes, i.e. they are bidisperse, and the effect of gravity on their motion is often important. However, how turbulence and gravity compete to control the motion of bidisperse inertial particles is poorly understood. Motivated by this, we use direct numerical simulations (DNS) to investigate the dynamics of settling, bidisperse particles in isotropic turbulence. In agreement with previous studies, we find that without gravity (i.e. $Fr=\infty$, where $Fr$ is the Froude number), bidispersity leads to an enhancement of the relative velocities, and a suppression of their spatial clustering. For $Fr<1$, the relative velocities in the direction of gravity are enhanced by the differential settling velocities of the bidisperse particles, as expected. However, we also find that gravity can strongly enhance the relative velocities in the ‘horizontal’ directions (i.e. in the plane normal to gravity). This non-trivial behaviour occurs because fast settling particles experience rapid fluctuations in the fluid velocity field along their trajectory, leading to enhanced particle accelerations and relative velocities. Indeed, the results show that even when $Fr\ll 1$, turbulence can still play an important role, not only on the horizontal motion, but also on the vertical motion of the particles. This is related to the fact that $Fr$ only characterizes the importance of gravity compared with some typical acceleration of the fluid, yet accelerations in turbulence are highly intermittent. As a consequence, there is a significant probability for particles to be in regions of the flow where the Froude number based on the local, instantaneous fluid acceleration is ${>}1$, even though the typically defined Froude number is $\ll 1$. This could imply, for example, that extreme events in the mixing of settling, bidisperse particles are only weakly affected by gravity even when $Fr\ll 1$. We also find that gravity drastically reduces the clustering of bidisperse particles. These results are strikingly different to the monodisperse case, for which recent results have shown that when $Fr<1$, gravity strongly suppresses the relative velocities in all directions, and can enhance clustering. Finally, we consider the implications of these results for the collision rates of settling, bidisperse particles in turbulence. We find that for $Fr=0.052$, the collision kernel is almost perfectly predicted by the collision kernel for bidisperse particles settling in quiescent flow, such that the effect of turbulence may be ignored. However, for $Fr=0.3$, turbulence plays an important role, and the collisions are only dominated by gravitational settling when the difference in the particle Stokes numbers is ${\geqslant}O(1)$.

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