A Relational Approach to Lexical Borrowings in the Discourse of Romanian Bilingual Immigrants in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-32
Author(s):  
Paul Buzilă ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Interference ◽  
Romanian Immigrants ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Relational Network ◽  
Hybrid Forms

A Relational Approach to Lexical Borrowings in the Discourse of Romanian Bilingual Immigrants in Spain. This paper is a neurocognitive analysis of idiosyncratic lexical borrowings recorded in the discourse of bilingual Romanian immigrants living in Spain. The neurocognitive approach, also known as Relational Network Theory (RNT), conceives language as an interconnected relational network composed of nodes and lines, part of and connected to the general cognitive system. Linguistic processing is a result of spreading activation through the network and of interaction of the system with other biological systems. The model elegantly describes real and inferred linguistic behaviors, both well-formed and erroneous. We use this approach to explore the underlying mechanisms that trigger the emergence of linguistic interference in the discourse of bilingual speakers. We focus on several lexical borrowings selected from corpora of Romanian spoken in Spain, and we model them, using the NeuroLab tool, in relational network terms. The network modeling of these hybrid forms pinpoints new ways of understanding the differences between adapted and non-adapted, and between necessary and luxury borrowings. We conclude that the RNT model is well suited for explaining bilingual processing and, arguably, one of the few models that can account for the hybrid forms emerging in the discourse of bilingual speakers. Keywords: Relational Network Theory, lexical borrowing, Romanian, Spanish, Rumañol, neurocognitive linguistics.

A Neurocognitive Analysis of Idiosyncratic Semantic Borrowings in the Discourse of Bilingual Romanian Immigrants in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-74
Author(s):  
Paul Buzilă
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Network Modeling ◽  
Spreading Activation ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Oral Production ◽  
Romanian Immigrants ◽  
Additional Explanation ◽  
Relational Network ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Hybrid Forms

A Neurocognitive Analysis of Idiosyncratic Semantic Borrowings in the Discourse of Bilingual Romanian Immigrants in Spain. In this paper we look at the semantic borrowings that spontaneously emerge in the oral discourse of bilingual Romanian immigrants who live in Spain, and we analyze them from a neurocognitive perspective. Also known as Relational Network Theory, this approach conceives language as an interconnected relational network composed of nodes and lines. Linguistic processing is a result of spreading activation through the network. We use this approach to explore the mechanisms underlying the oral production of semantic borrowings selected from corpora of Romanian spoken in Spain, and we model them, using the NeuroLab tool, in relational network terms. The network modeling shows that these hybrid forms emerge naturally from the properties of the system and can be explained in terms of shared parts of either phonological or semantic subnetworks involved in the production of analogous forms. It also delivers additional explanation to the proliferation of mixed meaning and sound induced semantic borrowings in the form of a higher pressure for rewiring coming from two different parts of the system.

scholarly journals A spatiotemporal analysis of the food dissemination process and the trophallactic network in the ant Lasius niger

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joffrey Planckaert ◽  
Stamatios C. Nicolis ◽  
Jean-Louis Deneubourg ◽  
Cédric Sueur ◽  
Olivier Bles
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Random Network ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Lasius Niger ◽  
Ant Colonies ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Food Management ◽  
Dissemination Process ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Spatial Locations

Abstract Intranidal food dissemination through trophallactic exchanges is a fundamental issue in social insect colonies but its underlying mechanisms are far from being clear. In light of the division of work, network theory and collective food management we develop a framework to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of the trophallactic network in starved Lasius niger ant colonies. Thanks to tracking methods we are able to record spatial locations of the trophallactic interactions in the nest. We highlight quantitative differences between the foragers and non-foragers concerning their contributions, their roles (donor/recipient) and their spatial distributions. Moreover, at the intracaste level, we show interindividual differences in all activities and we characterise their nature. In particular, within each caste, all the individuals have the same probability to start their food exchange activity but their probability to exchange differs after their first trophallactic event. Interestingly, despite the highlighted interindividual differences, the trophallactic network does not differ from a random network.

Doing Together

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Koivisto ◽  
Pasi Pohjola
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Innovation Model ◽  
Systemic Innovation ◽  
Further Development

This article examines a systemic innovation model into which the relational approach of actor-network theory (ANT) has been incorporated. The article examines what the relational approach can contribute to the conceptualization of services and to the co-development and co-design activities of them. The article operates in the context of public welfare and health services, but its analysis might be applied in any other sector and with any other object of development as well. The article presents the systemic innovation model developed in a national Innovillage project in 2009-2013 in Finland. Further, the article studies how the model has been translated into practice in the design activities of a strategic development program of social and health sector run by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Finland. In the discussion analytical and practical challenges of the model are specified and its further development is discussed.

The English auxiliaries: A relational network description

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Reich
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Transformational Theory ◽  
Good Test ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Context Free ◽  
Relational Network

This is the second of two papers comparing relational network theory with transformational theory. In Reich 1970b we defined some basic nodes and compared relational network theory with a subset of transformational theory which is commonly acknowledged to be linguistically inadequate. In this paper we shall review the types of problems which context-free phrase-structure grammars cannot adequately handle. We shall then show that each of these problems occurs in that portion of English grammar which is concerned with the English auxiliaries; thus a good test of any proposed grammatical theory is whether or not it can be used to describe a grammar of the auxiliaries in an acceptable way. Finally, we shall describe in detail a relational network grammar of the auxiliaries and attempt to demonstrate that relational network theory passes this test.

scholarly journals Who changes language? Bilingualism and structural change in Burma and the Reef Islands

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åshild Næss ◽  
Mathias Jenny
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Contact Language ◽  
Reef Islands ◽  
Contact Situation

AbstractIn this paper we discuss two cases of contact-induced language change where lexical and grammatical borrowing appear to have gone in opposite directions: one language has borrowed large amounts of vocabulary from another while at the same time being the source of structural borrowings into the other language. Furthermore, it appears in both cases that the structural borrowing has come about through bilingualism in L1 speakers of the source language, while L1 speakers of the language undergoing the structural change are largely monolingual. We propose that these two unusual factors are not unrelated, but that the latter is the cause of the former: Under circumstances where the numerically much smaller language in a contact situation is the contact language, the L2 speakers' variety, influenced by their L1, may spread into the monolingual community. e lexical borrowing naturally happens from the bilingual speakers' L2 into their L1, resulting in opposite directions of lexical and structural borrowing. Similar processes have been described in cases of language shift, but we show that it may take place even in situations where shift does not occur.

scholarly journals Interpretação Preferencial do Pronome Nulo em Falantes Bilíngues do Espanhol L2- Português Brasileiro L1 / Preferential Interpretation of the Null Pronoun in Spanish Bilingual Speakers L2- Brazilian Portuguese L1

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (57) ◽  
pp. 675-696
Author(s):  
Letícia Rafaele Da Silva Claudino ◽  
Rita de Cássia Freire de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Interface Hypothesis ◽  
Null Pronoun ◽  
The University ◽  
Anaphoric Expression

Resumo: Esta pesquisa analisou o processamento anafórico de pronomes nulos (caracterizado como pro), investigando como esse tipo de expressão anafórica é interpretada por falantes bilíngues espanhol L2- português brasileiro L1, e se as gramáticas, aqui entendidas como conhecimentos internalizados sobre determinadas línguas, nos termos de Chomsky (1981), interferem umas nas outras na interpretação preferencial nas frases ambíguas.  Tem-se como objetivo investigar a interpretação preferencial do pronome nulo na língua espanhola, analisando a preferência em frases ambíguas. Este estudo justifica-se por haver necessidade de dirimir controvérsias na literatura acerca das retomadas anafóricas, sobretudo em frases ambíguas, nas quais possivelmente há interferência dos mecanismos linguísticos da língua materna, utilizada pelo aprendiz. Muitos pesquisadores tentam compreender o funcionamento do processamento linguístico de uso da língua nos bilíngues, os quais falam duas línguas com competência igual ou similar a de um nativo (GONÇALVES, 2010). Ancoramos nossa hipótese nos princípios de Carminati (2005), que apontam que o pronome nulo em frases ambíguas estabelece preferencialmente a correferência com o antecedente em posição de sujeito, e também na a Hipótese da Interface de Sorace (2011), referente a influência da L1 na interpretação da correferência, já que os bilíngues estão sujeitos a utilizar os mesmos mecanismos de sua gramática L1 na L2 em situações de ambiguidade. A metodologia aplicada foi um teste off-line no Google forms, composto por perguntas sobre a preferência da retomada em frases ambíguas, associadas a frases distratoras, no qual participaram 08 voluntários bilíngues em nível avançado, estudantes do 9º período do curso de Letras – Português/Espanhol da Universidade de Pernambuco.  Os resultados encontrados corroboram com a Hipótese da Posição do Antecedente de acordo com Carminati (2005) e com a Hipótese de Interface de Sorace (2011). Palavras-chave: Bilinguismo. Correferência anafórica. Interpretação preferencial. Pronome nulo. Abstract: This research analyzed the anaphoric processing of null pronouns (characterized as pro), investigating how this type of anaphoric expression is interpreted by bilingual Spanish L2-Portuguese L1 speakers, and if the grammars, here understood as internalized knowledge about certain languages, in terms by Chomsky (1981), interfere with each other in the preferential interpretation of ambiguous sentences. The objective is to investigate the preferential interpretation of the null pronoun in Spanish, analyzing the preference in ambiguous sentences. This study is justified by the need to resolve controversies in the literature about anaphoric retakes, especially in ambiguous sentences, in which there is possibly interference from the linguistic mechanisms of the mother tongue, used by the learner. Many researchers try to understand the functioning of linguistic processing of language use in bilinguals, who speak two languages with equal or similar competence to a native (GONÇALVES, 2010). We anchor our hypothesis in the principles of Carminati (2005), which point out that the null pronoun in ambiguous sentences preferentially establishes the correlation with the antecedent in subject position, and also in the Interface Hypothesis of Sorace (2011), regarding the influence of L1 in the interpretation of the coreference, since bilinguals are subject to using the same mechanisms of their L1 grammar in L2 in situations of ambiguity. The methodology applied was an offline test on Google forms, consisting of questions about the preference of retaking ambiguous phrases, associated with distracting phrases, in which 08 bilingual volunteers at advanced level participated, students of the 9th period of the Language course - Portuguese /Spanish from the University of Pernambuco. The results found corroborate the Antecedents Position Hypothesis according to Carminati (2005) and the Interface Hypothesis of Sorace (2011).Keywords: Bilingualism. Anaphoric Coreference. Preferred interpretation. Null pronoun.

scholarly journals COORDENAÇÃO EM SISTEMAS AGROALIMENTARES: UM LEVANTAMENTO BIBLIOMÉTRICO ENTRE 2009 E 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Amanda Ferreira Guimarães ◽  
Elisa Mirales ◽  
Rejane Heloise dos Santos ◽  
Sandra Mara de Alencar Schiavi
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Main Approach ◽  
Cost Measurement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Hybrid Forms

RESUMOAo se tratar de sistemas agroalimentares da pecuária de corte, coexistem sistemas convencionais e diferenciados, envolvendo uma multiplicidade de definições. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente artigo foi realizar um levantamento da produção de conhecimento acerca do tema “Coordenação de Sistemas Agroalimentares” nos últimos sete anos, de modo a fornecer contribuições para a compreensão contextualizada da produção e fundamentar a agenda de pesquisas futuras sobre o tema. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliométrico seguido de análise descritiva e analítica. Os resultados apontam para a predominância de estudos com foco em sistemas convencionais, porém, apresenta oportunidades para estudos em sistemas diferenciados. A carne bovina e a pecuária de corte estão entre os objetos mais pesquisados, sendo a principal abordagem a pesquisa qualitativa por meio de estudos de casos. Sobre o tema, estudos internacionais se concentram mais em pesquisas quantitativas quando comparados ao Brasil, mostrando maior interesse nessa abordagem. As principais teorias utilizadas são a Teoria dos Custos de Transação, a Teoria dos Custos de Mensuração e a Teoria de Redes, bem como seus respectivos autores. Os principais objetivos dos estudos estão associados à compreensão dos diversos mecanismos de coordenação, envolvendo confiança, formas híbridas, inovação. Verificou-se que a coexistência de dois subsistemas, ao se tratar de sistemas agroalimentares, e a diversidade de caminhos para estudo do tema se constituem como indicativos para estudos que possam contribuir para o avanço das pesquisas sobre sistemas agroalimentares.Palavras-chave: Estudo bibliométrico. Sistemas Agroalimentares. Coordenação. ABSTRACTWhen dealing with agrifood systems of beef cattle, conventional and differentiated systems coexist, involving a multiplicity of definitions. This article aims to conduct a survey of the production of knowledge on the theme “Coordination of Agrifood Systems” in the last seven years., in order to provide contributions to the contextualized understanding of production and to base the agenda for future research on theme. A bibliometric survey was performed followed by descriptive and analytical analysis. The results point to the predominance of studies focusing on conventional systems, however, presents opportunities for studies in differentiated systems. Beef and beef cattle are among the most researched objects, being the main approach to qualitative research through case studies. On the subject, international studies focus more on quantitative research when compared to Brazil, showing greater interest in this approach. The main theories used are the Transaction Cost, Measurement Cost and the Network Theory, as well as their respective authors. The main objectives are associated with the understanding of the various coordination mechanisms, involving trust, hybrid forms, innovation It was found that the coexistence of two agri-food, and the diversity of ways to study the theme, are indicative for studies that can contribute to the advancement of research on agri-food systems.Keywords: Bibliometric study. Agrifood systems. Coordination.

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