Aristotelian and Neoplatonic Ethics in Michael Psellos and John Italos

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Dominic J. O’Meara
Keyword(s):  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ethical Virtue

"This paper examines the use made by Michael Psellos and John Italos of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics together with Neoplatonic sources (in particular Porphyry’s Sentences) on the subject of virtue. Examining chapters 66-81 of Psellos’ De omnifaria doctrina and Essays 81 and 63 of Italos’ Problems and Solutions, I argue that both philosophers have a coherent theory of virtue which integrates Aristotelian ethical virtue in the Neoplatonic hierarchy of the virtues. Keywords: Psellos, Italos, Aristotle, ethics. "

scholarly journals Emergency: definitions, problems and solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
V.P. Мiroshnychenko
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Emergency situations constantly accompany the external environment and society bringing major material losses and human casualties. The definitions and general patterns for the development of emergency situations and their role in accidents and disasters were discussed. Actually, there is no single concept in the definition of an emergency. Based on the ana-lysis, the content of the subject was formulated: an emergency is a state of natural and anthropogenic activity in the external environment and society. The mechanism of the emergency situation development is presented. The reason for changing the normative definition of the concept of emergency situation has been substantiated.

scholarly journals Truth in Practical Reason: Practical and Assertoric Truth in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michail Pantoulias ◽  
Vasiliki Vergouli ◽  
Panagiotis Thanassas
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reason ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Controversial Subject ◽  
Practical Syllogism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
De Interpretatione

Truth has always been a controversial subject in Aristotelian scholarship. In most cases, including some well-known passages in the Categories, De Interpretatione and Metaphysics, Aristotle uses the predicate ‘true’ for assertions, although exceptions are many and impossible to ignore. One of the most complicated cases is the concept of practical truth in the sixth book of Nicomachean Ethics: its entanglement with action and desire raises doubts about the possibility of its inclusion to the propositional model of truth. Nevertheless, in one of the most extensive studies on the subject, C. Olfert has tried to show that this is not only possible but also necessary. In this paper, we explain why trying to fit practical truth into the propositional model comes with insurmount­able problems. In order to overcome these problems, we focus on multiple aspects of practical syllogism and correlate them with Aristo­tle’s account of desire, happiness and the good. Identifying the role of such concepts in the specific steps of practical reasoning, we reach the conclusion that practical truth is best explained as the culmination of a well-executed practical syllogism taken as a whole, which ultimately explains why this type of syllogism demands a different approach and a different kind of truth than the theoretical one.

The sufficiency of virtue for happiness: not so easily overturned?

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 121-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Sharples
Keyword(s):  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
The Subject

The sufficiency of virtue for happiness is a central Stoic doctrine. Indeed it can be argued that it is one of the doctrines that define the Stoic position; and it was the subject of extensive controversy in antiquity, coming under attack both from Academics and from Peripatetics. And Peripatetics had a particular interest in the topic, for Aristotle had already discussed it in Nicomachean Ethics 1.8–10, in a way which, to say the least, left room for a range of divergent interpretations.The objections that were raised against the Stoic position in antiquity differ in their degree of persuasiveness. Some indeed point to fundamental differences of opinion of the sort that are not easily, if at all, reconcilable by argument. But others simply misinterpret or misrepresent the Stoic position. It is with some of the latter that the present paper will chiefly be concerned. Its aims are therefore limited even though the issue is important.

scholarly journals Exploring Limited Capacity in the Grid: Actors, Problems, and Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Palm
Keyword(s):  
User Engagement ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
The People ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Energy Grid ◽  
The City

An extensive and reliable electricity grid is essential for all the sectors of society. In parts of Sweden, the electricity grid has been suffering from a lack of capacity. This is something affecting all the sectors and all the people in these regions. The capacity problems have, however, so far, mainly been analyzed from a technical system perspective, focusing on incumbent actors, whereas other actors have been less researched. This article aims to fill this gap and include a variety of perceptions of Swedish actors’ on the lack of electricity grid capacity. It is, however, a challenge to capture the views of others than the professionals working in the area because the electricity grid is not something people, in general, reflect upon. The article takes an explorative approach to the subject by analyzing the problems and the solutions raised in four arenas: the regulative, the media, the technocratic, and the user. It also focuses on the city of Malmö in Sweden and two projects where the lack of grid capacity has been discussed. Sweden’s lack of capacity concerns that, although electricity is available, the energy grid cannot transmit the required amount of electricity to all parts of the country. The article concludes that the electricity grid has been developed within a technocratic frame, with a few professionals dominating the agenda, which has led to convergence of perspectives and narrowing options. In the regulative arena, which often decides what issues are prioritized and in the end implemented, there is a focus on investment in transformers and lines rather than demand-side solutions and user flexibility. Technological and economical values are dominating all arenas, and other values, such as user engagement and ownership, are marginalized.

Gerard of Odo (c.1290–c.1349)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Kent
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Subject

Gerard of Odo, a scholastic philosopher and theologian who wrote a long commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, is one of many scholastics who attempted to reconcile Aristotle’s teachings with the views of Christian authorities. Gerard’s work declares the subject of ethics to be the human being as free, makes the will’s power of self-determination a necessary condition for moral responsibility, and in other respects reflects the voluntarism commonly found in Franciscan writings of the period.

The Metaphysics of the Sphere of Action

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Maria Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Is Value

Chapter 7 examines a principle Aristotle formulates in Nicomachean Ethics I.3: ethics must be adequate for its domain. The ethicist must ask herself what her inquiry is about, study the nature of her theory’s subject matter, and observe norms of theorizing that are adequate for it. The subject matter of ethics is value as it figures in human life. Aristotle ascribes two features to this value: difference and variability. Other theorists, he notes, are misled by difference and variability and become relativists. They observe a lack of strict regularity and falsely conclude that the domain of value is messy, unsuitable for any general insights. In Aristotle’s view, the sphere of agency displays for the most part regularities. The chapter defends this proposal as an important metaphysical insight and discusses how it adds to the much-debated claim that situations in which agents act are particulars.

Aristotle on Wittiness

2019 ◽  
pp. 103-121
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Ethical Virtue ◽  
Complete Account

This chapter offers a complete account of Aristotle’s underexplored treatment of the virtue of wittiness (eutrapelia) in Nicomachean Ethics 4.8. It addresses the following questions: (1) What, according to Aristotle, is this virtue and what is its structure? (2) How do Aristotle’s moral psychological views inform Aristotle’s account, and how might Aristotle’s discussions of other, more familiar virtues, enable us to understand wittiness better? In particular, what passions does the virtue of wittiness concern, and how might the virtue (and its attendant vices) be related to the virtue of temperance (and its attendant vices)? (3) How does wittiness, as an ethical virtue, benefit its possessor? (4) How can Aristotle resolve some key tensions that his introducing a virtue of wittiness apparently generates for his ethics? In addition to exploring these questions, this chapter challenges some commonly accepted accounts of Aristotle’s views on the nature of the laughable.

Description Of Differences In Creative Thinking Profile For Male And Female Students In Open Ended Problem Solving

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Hana Shohwatul Islam ◽  
Budiyono Budiyono ◽  
Siswanto Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level

<p class="BodyAbstract"><span lang="EN-US">One of the manifestations of high-level thinking is creative thinking, characterized by creating something new from ideas, concepts, experiences, and knowledge that is in one's mind. This study aims to describe the creative thinking profile of male and female students in solving open-ended problems. The research method used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The subject of the study used was 2 grade VII students of SMP Negeri 3 Surakarta. This research instrument uses open-ended problem tests with indicators of creative thinking and interviews. In describing the student's creative thinking profile, the researcher will pay attention to 4 stages: preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification stages. The results of this study show that male students can explain problems and solutions orally or in writing. While female students can explain the problem and the solution is both verbally but less able to explain with writing</span></p>

The System of Indicators for Assessing the Effectiveness of the Regions in the Field of Tourist Services in Russia: Key Problems and Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1347
Author(s):  
Anton V. ROMANYUK ◽  
Roman R. GAREEV
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Information Base ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Main Factors

The aim of the present research is to identify ways to improve the assessment of the effectiveness of the Russian Federation's subjects in the field of tourism. The article presents the main factors by which it is proposed to assess the attractiveness of a tourist destination. The analysis showed that it is necessary to unify the set of indicators that should be used in assessing the effectiveness of the activities of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the field of tourism. Author presents the composition of indicators characterizing the attractiveness of a tourist destination. Recommendations for maintaining an information base for assessing the effectiveness of the activities of the entities of the Russian Federation in the field of tourism allowed the authors to offer an assessment of tourism development in the region as a criterion of efficiency of activity of the subject of the Russian Federation. The paper highlighted the main criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the field of tourism.

Aristotle,Nicomachean Ethics

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 35-53
Author(s):  
Rosalind Hursthouse
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Moral Rule ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Modern Moral Philosophy

Our understanding of the moral philosophy of Aristotle is hampered by a number of modern assumptions we make about the subject. For a start, we are accustomed to thinking about ethics or moral philosophy as being concerned with theoretical questions about actions—what makes an action right or wrong? Modern moral philosophy gives two different sorts of answers to this question. One is in terms of a substantial ethical theory—what makes an action right or wrong is whether it promotes the greatest happiness, or whether it is in accordance with or violates a moral rule, or whether it promotes or violates a moral right. The other sort gives a meta-ethical answer—rightness and wrongness are not really properties of actions, but in describing actions as right or wrong we commend or object to them, express our approval or disapproval or our emotions concerning them. But the ancient Greeks start with a totally different question. Ethics is supposed to answer, for each one of us, the question ‘How am I to live well?’ What this question means calls for some discussion.

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