scholarly journals Emergency: definitions, problems and solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
V.P. Мiroshnychenko
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Emergency situations constantly accompany the external environment and society bringing major material losses and human casualties. The definitions and general patterns for the development of emergency situations and their role in accidents and disasters were discussed. Actually, there is no single concept in the definition of an emergency. Based on the ana-lysis, the content of the subject was formulated: an emergency is a state of natural and anthropogenic activity in the external environment and society. The mechanism of the emergency situation development is presented. The reason for changing the normative definition of the concept of emergency situation has been substantiated.

scholarly journals Virgin forests as environmental, educational and scientific object of the Ukrainian Carpathians

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 210-219
Author(s):  
Andrii Manko ◽  
Petro Voitkiv ◽  
Yurii Nakonechnyi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ancient Forests

The virgin forests of the Ukrainian Carpathians are unique ecosystems in which preserved natural, protected, recreational, historical and cultural objects. That is why a comprehensive study of the forest ecosystems of the Ukrainian Carpathians is needed in order to preserve these unique treasures of our country. The Ukrainian Carpathians are characterized in ecological, educational and scientific-cognitive aspects, as a significant number of objects and monuments of nature, history, architecture and culture are concentrated here. In the region under study, there is a well-developed network of nature reserve fund, the objects of which are basic for the organization of tourist activity. The importance of virgin forests as an ecological-educational and scientific-cognitive object of the Ukrainian Carpathians is revealed. The purpose of the research was to study the forests of the Ukrainian Carpathians, as an object of ecological, educational and cognitive perception. The object of the research was the forest ecosystems within the conservation areas of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The subject of the study was the consideration of forest ecosystems as an ecological-educational and scientific-cognitive object. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to give a complete definition of the term “primaeval” forests and their varieties; to identify, establish distribution areas and forest areas in the Ukrainian Carpathians; to analyze their ecological-educational and scientific-cognitive functions. It is revealed that the centres of distribution of forest ecosystems in the Ukrainian Carpathians are nature conservation areas, namely: Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, Carpathian National Park, Uzhansky, Synevyr Verkhovyna, Cheremosky, Hutsulshchyna, Vyzhnytsya, Zacharovanyi Krai. It is stated that ecological-educational and scientific-cognitive objects in the region are natural undisturbed by the anthropogenic activity of the place. The best network of ecological-educational and scientific-educational trails is set up in the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. The most popular are the eco-routes “To Goverla Mountain from Lazeshchyna”, “Kevelsky Forests to Petros”, “Beech Forests of Velyka Ugolka”, “To Sokolino Berdo”. It is revealed that the ecological-educational and scientific-cognitive potential of the forests of the Ukrainian Carpathians is special. The primaeval forests are widespread in the Ukrainian Carpathians, and their area is about 50 thousand hectares, and much of it requires identification. Forests have a special status in Ukraine and are strictly protected in nature reserves and perform ecological-educational and scientific-cognitive functions, since within them preserved natural, intact, virgin objects and also represent the cultural heritage of the region. Key words: Ukrainian Carpathians, virgin forests, quasi-virgin forests, ancient forests, ecological-educational and scientific-cognitive objects.

scholarly journals Development of an approach to cadastral valuation of real estate in areas of possible manifestations of natural disasters and emergency situation

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-202
Author(s):  
Alexey Dubrovsky ◽  
Tamara Vereshchaka ◽  
Pavel Batin ◽  
Olesya Malygina
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Insurance Funds ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The article presents the results of studies on the adjustment of cadastral value using a new factor-the probability of an emergency or natural disaster. A new term, emergency geospatial, has been introduced for the spatial definition of an emergency. The analysis of the legal regime of lands subject to emergency situations is carried out. Conclusions are drawn about the legal definition of the geospatial boundary of the emergency situation and the impact of emergencies on real estate. The characteristic of emergency situations, as well as the probability of their occurrence is given. The connection between the emergency situation and the cadastral value of real estate is shown. The dependence of the value of real estate on their location in the geospatial probable emergency. The technological scheme of determination of cadastral value of real estate objects in the zone of manifestation of an emergency situation is developed. A geoinformation project was carried out on the territory of the city of Novosibirsk. The most probable emergencies are taken into account. The map of zones of possible manifestation of emergency situations is made. The comparison of the cost of real estate in emergency zones, with objects analogues, located outside the emergency zone. The values of the correction factor for adjusting the cadastral value are proposed. The map of distribution of correction factors for adjustment of cadastral value of real estate objects in zones of possible manifestation of emergency situations is made. Work on the adjustment of the cadastral value of real estate located in the areas of possible manifestations of emergency situations is promising. First, the zones must be taken into account in modern urban policy and as much as possible to protect real estate and the population from the manifestation of emergency situations. Secondly, the reduction of cadastral value and taxes will allow owners to invest in insurance funds and insure real estate.

scholarly journals Karol Dobrzeniecki, Prawo wobec sytuacji nadzwyczajnej. Między legalizmem a koniecznością, Toruń 2018. Recenzja

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Barut
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Moral Issue ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Interdisciplinary Character ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Philosophical Doctrine

The subject of the review is a monograph by Karol Dobrzeniecki “Law on emergency situations. Between legalism and necessity” (Toruń 2018). According to the reviewer, the nature of the work determines the distinction between an emergency situation, that is, a factual state requiring action not provided for by law and a state of emergency, i.e. a legal institution. The main purpose of the work is to analyze the relationship between the recognition of an exceptional situation only in legal terms, and its approach as a political and moral issue. The work has interdisciplinary character. Karol Dobrzeniecki, analyzing jurisprudence, political philosophical, doctrine of constitutional law, as well as constitutional, international and supranational legal regulations, points out the danger of legal "normalization" of a state of emergency, that is, the penetration of its specific solutions into the law intended for the ordinary situation, and hence blurring of the distinction between ordinary and exceptional situations. The author of the reviewed monograph believes that the exceptional situation should be assessed primarily in moral and political categories, being aware of the tragic nature of the choices made at the time.

RESEARCH ON METHODS TO COMPLETE JOINT TASKS BY GOVERNING BODIES AND FORCES OF CIVIL DEFENSE IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 122-138
Author(s):  
S. Poteryayko ◽  
K. Bielikova ◽  
Yu. Pereverzin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
State System ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Joint Actions ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Definition Of

At present, the imperfections in the process of forming, coordinating and interacting of the components of the security and defense sector in solving joint tasks, in particular in the field of civil defense, remain unresolved. The scientific article addresses the problematic issue of achieving effective joint actions by forces involved in the elimination of the consequences of emergencies and defining rational methods of accomplishing tasks. Main areas of conducting scientific research in this issue are: substantiation of the necessity for further modernization of the state civil defense system; development of algorithms for managerial decision making in the process of response to emergencies of different nature; definition of directions of institutional development of the unified state system of civil defense; improving the legal and regulatory support for interaction between the components of the security and defense sector; analysis of the main tasks of the unified state system of civil defense, its components, as well as the modes of functioning. A scientific problem which is researched not enough in searching ways to improve methods of performing joint tasks of civil defense forces in emergency situations has been identified.  To conduct analysis of regulations and prior scientific researches and identify the methods to perform joint tasks of civil defense forces in emergencies. The scientific article determines that the methods of performing joint tasks by the authorities and civil defense forces in an emergency situation depend on its type, nature, scale and other features, available civil defense forces for prevention or elimination of consequences, actions (decisions) of the authorities, on which the tasks regarding preventing or eliminating the consequences of emergency are vested. Depending on the nature of the emergency situation and its level, the head of the emergency management team determines the approximate membership of the civil defense forces which is required to eliminate the consequences of the emergency situation, plans to involve the civil defense forces to eliminate the consequences of the emergency situation, taking into account the necessary and available civil defense forces, determines the order of their joint actions. Civil defense forces have a complicated structure for subordination and functionality. When determining the forces of civil defense, the order of the tasks fulfillment and methods of joint actions in emergency situations the following should be taken into account: - particularity of the emergency situation and the possible nature of its development; - the functionality of the necessary and available civil defense forces; - quantity of emergency units and their potential; - the necessary and possible time of involving the existing and additional civil defense forces; - subordination and ability to provide emergency response divisions; - the necessary time for elimination of the emergency situation to minimize the consequences, and its possible development. The main methods of joint actions of civil defense forces are recommended in the article, in particular: - simultaneous appliance of the available civil defense forces to eliminate the consequences of emergency situation in a certain territory (area); - simultaneous application of civil defense forces to eliminate the consequences of the emergency situation with the definition of sectors (fields) of responsibility; - consistent appliance of civil defense forces with different functionally to eliminate the consequences of the emergency situation at the determined territory (area); - consistent appliance of the similar civil defense forces with the rotation of the rescue divisions (services). The further direction of scientific research on these issues is to compose a model of methods of the actions of the joint units in emergency situations and their interaction.

scholarly journals Innovative projects and programmes for the strategic development of the municipality

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 02149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
City District ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

The relevance of the matter is caused by the fact that the essence of strategic planning consists in the definition of the priority sphere of social-and-economic development of the city district taking into account the external environment factors and available resources. It is necessary to prove the organization of the chosen project or programme, including sources and mechanisms of resources attraction, applied technologies, technical means, etc. within strategic management. The main document in the sphere of complex social-and-economic development of the municipal unit is the strategic plan that allows formulating the perspective purposes of the development, choosing alternative options of the municipality, thereby attracting investments into the projects and programmes. The subject of the research is the “City district Podolsk”. Some problems of strategic planning of investment projects and programmes, which are necessary for the improvement of activity of the “city district Podolsk”, are studied. The objective of the research is to develop recommendations on the strategic planning of activity of the “City district Podolsk”. Calculations for three investment programmes are made for the identification of the most successful direction of strategic development of the “City district Podolsk” by the means of formulas of the indicator of efficiency and coefficient of competitiveness. The achieved results can be used for creation of the Draft of the strategic development plan for the “City district Podolsk” till 2022.

scholarly journals Three-block model of contracting "subject of the contract – organizational structure of construction – risk distribution"

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (47) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
O. Meneilyuk ◽  
O. Nikiforov ◽  
L. Lukashenko
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Risk Allocation ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Construction Risk ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Contracting Model ◽  
The Impact

The work contains the results of developing the contracting model for the enterprise of the full investment and construction cycle, depending not only on the subject of the agreement, but also on the organizational structure of construction and risk allocation. The wide range of services that need to be implemented by the company of the full investment and construction cycle, as well as the variety of organizational forms of implementation of this process lead to varying degrees of uncertainty in each case. This often hinders the formalization of contracts between the participants in the construction. Therefore, it is important to develop a tool for contracting, which includes assessing the organizational structure of construction and emerging risks. A compact and adequate model for this was not found in the studied sources. As a result of research it is established that the existing approaches to the contractштп determine the subject of the agreement as the main factor. The analysis of risk classifications in construction allowed to offer an approach based on the allocation of risks of internal and external environment with the distribution of responsibilities between managers and contractors. The developed classification of possible contract subject in construction made it possible to establish that one of the main factors of pricing, managing the implementation of the agreement and reducing the impact of risks, is the choice of measurement of the contract subject: the ratio of costs and revenues of the contractor / hours worked / physical unit of measurement of work performed. Both classifications served as a basis for the development and use of a three-block contracting model: the definition of the contract subject and its characteristics; determination of the organizational structure of construction as an external environment for the agreement implementation; formalizing the distribution of risks by establishing a legal scheme and pricing as tools for agreement managing. The introduction of such an instrument will reduce the excess cost of covering risks and accelerate capital turnover in the execution of transactions.

scholarly journals Emergency and disaster through the eyes of a non-mathematician

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
V.P. Miroshnychenko
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Natural Man ◽  
Definition Of

Background. It is our personal desire and interest to study this topic in more details with the help of competent sources, in connection with frequent natural and man-made emergencies that bring great material losses and human casualties. In accordance with this goal, the following tasks have been defined: to consider the semantic meaning of the known formulations of emergency situations and stages of their development; on the basis of the analysis, to formulate a generalized concept of an emergency; to determine the mechanism for the development of an emergency and catastrophe (catastrophic process); to draw conclusions about the role of an emergency in the development of disasters. Results. There is no universally accepted definition of an emergency. The paper presents a generalized formulation of an emergency situation, close to the most common formulations used in the Western countries. The proposed model of the catastrophe development mechanism made it possible to formulate its definition. An emergency situation and disasters are interconnected, and in this interconnection the leading role is assigned to an emergency situation, which defines a disaster as a function of its potential stage. The latter always exists; therefore, the occurrence of disasters is the norm for our natural and man-made environment. It is proposed to bring the wording of an emergency in accordance with its definition, to introduce into the general characteristics of emergency situations the stages of its development, which take place in all classification options. The expediency of such a proposal is explained by the wide information content of our concept of “emergency stage”, which implies the objectivity of the development of the process and the implementation of various organizational measures. The presented mechanism for the development of disasters is applicable for all types of disasters: biological, social, natural, man-made and environmental, and is universal. To prevent or stop any catastrophe development, it is enough to influence any of its three components.

Typologization of security regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Denis Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Procedural Understanding ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Understanding

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.

Antonio Negri

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Diran
Keyword(s):  
Critical Distance ◽  
Middle Voice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Antonio Negri

Agamben describes his posture as a reader as one of seeking a text’s Entwicklungsfähigkeit, or capacity for elaboration.1 In examining Agamben’s practices of reading, we can attend to the opposite phenomenon: the counter-elaboration that a text, in having being read by the philosopher, performs upon Agamben’s own thought. This reciprocal elaboration might constitute a paradigm for Agamben’s use of reading, according to his own idiosyncratic definition of use as an event in the middle voice, in which (according to a definition of Benveniste) the subject ‘effects an action only in affecting itself (il effectue en s’affectant)’ (UB 28). With this definition in mind, we could say that Agamben effects a text (he writes) only to the extent that he is also affected by another text (he reads). This is why Agamben’s position as a reader proves particularly important to any assessment of his work, quite aside from the problem of influence or intellectual genealogy. For this same reason, however, assessing Agamben’s relation to Antonio Negri – a figure with whom, by most measures, he is at odds – poses an unexpected challenge: how can Agamben’s thought be a use of Negri? Answering this question means not only assessing the critical distance between the two thinkers, but also taking this distance as a measure, in the Spinozan sense, of mutual affection.

The Autobiographical Subject and the Death Penalty

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187
Author(s):  
E. S. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
First Person ◽  
Philosophical Investigation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Why does writing of the death penalty demand the first-person treatment that it also excludes? The article investigates the role played by the autobiographical subject in Derrida's The Death Penalty, Volume I, where the confessing ‘I’ doubly supplements the philosophical investigation into what Derrida sees as a trend toward the worldwide abolition of the death penalty: first, to bring out the harmonies or discrepancies between the individual subject's beliefs, anxieties, desires and interests with respect to the death penalty and the state's exercise of its sovereignty in applying it; and second, to provide a new definition of the subject as haunted, as one that has been, but is no longer, subject to the death penalty, in the light of the worldwide abolition currently underway.

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