scholarly journals Variability between socio-cultural groups and generations of traditional knowledge of the use of Euphorbia poissonii Pax in Benin

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbodja Houéhanou François GBESSO ◽  
Jhonn Logbo ◽  
Jacques Evrard Charles Aguia Daho
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Scorpion Sting ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Cultural Importance Index ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Derivatives Of

This study was conducted in the Municipality of Savalou to assess endogenous knowledge related to the use of Euphorbia poissonii in the Mahi and Nago ethnic groups. The survey was conducted through individual interviews with 112 people. The Relative Frequency, the Use Value, Fidelity and Cultural Importance index were used to assess the importance of each use. Correspondence analysis (CA) was used to describe the relationship between the categories of use and ethnicities and between the parts used of the plant and the ethnics groups. The analysis showed that the plant, Euphorbia poissonii, falls under three levels of major medicinal use, including: medicinal use of the stem, sap and leaf, which is the most common practice of the Mahi sociocultural group (UV=1.58) like Nago (UV=1.35). It helps to effectively treat measles (FL=23.08), incurable wounds (FL=22.30) and scorpion sting (FL=22.30). Powder, infusion and decoction are the forms of preparation of the products most used by the skin. The two socio-cultural groups all hold and effectively various knowledge of the use of different derivatives of the plant. The importance and increasing use of Euphorbia poissonii puts this plant under various pressures and threats from the population and it has no conservation measures to this day. Finally, this study not only alerts but also provides a scientific basis to define strategies for the conservation and protection of this neglected species.

Folk medicines of Bafra (Samsun-Turkey)

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Karcı ◽  
İlhan Gürbüz ◽  
Galip Akaydın ◽  
Tuğba Günbatan
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Ethnobotanical Knowledge ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Quantitative Indices ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
Informant Consensus ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Cultural Importance Index

AbstractObjective:In this study, determination and documentation of folk medicines that are being used by indigenous people in Bafra was aimed.Materials and methods:Scientific trips were organised to the region and folk medicines were identified by interviewing individuals which have knowledge of folk medicine. One hundred and fifty-five plant samples were collected during the study. Obtained data were statistically analysed by using four quantitative indices; “informant consensus factor”, “use value”, “relative frequency of citation” and “cultural importance index”.Results:Fifty-three genera and 62 taxa belonging 33 families were recorded to be used in the treatment of different diseases. The usage of five species (Conclusion:Once again, the present investigation has highlighted the gradual reduction in the use of folk medicines, and ethnobotanical knowledge has been falling into oblivion rapidly. Therefore, ethnobotanical inventory surveys should be undertaken throughout Turkey before this important cultural heritage becomes lost.

scholarly journals Woody species associated with coffee production systems in southern Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
Héctor Ramiro Ordoñez-Jurado ◽  
Marbel Cerón ◽  
Dayana Lizeth Martinez O
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
Cultural Importance Index ◽  
Productive Systems

In the coffee zone of the town La Unión- Nariño, native or introduced trees are associated with the productive systems of the farms, mainly because they provide shade for coffee crops, where particular aspects such as species biodiversity and silvicultural management are unknown. With the aim of knowing the woody species of common use and the cultural importance, a semi structured survey was applied to 100 coffee growers who were selected at random and aleatorily distributed in three altitudinal ranges: (m.a.s.l.): I (<1500), II (1500-1800) and III (> 1800). Species richness was determined for each chosen range; for diversity between ranges, the Jaccard Index (JI) and the Cultural Importance Index (CI) were used. The latter was determined by adding up the intensity of use (IU), frequency of citation (FC), and use value (UV). In the three altitude ranges evaluated, 59 tree species were found. These were distributed in 32 botanical families and 46 genera. The fabaceae family was the most representative, followed by rutaceae, myrtaceae and bignoniaceae; 45.8% of the species were introduced. Among the altitudinal ranges, a low degree similarity was found; ranks I and II shared 24 species, which is equivalent to 33.8% of their floristic composition. As for ranges I and III, they had an even lower degree of similarity: 24.2%; only 17 species were shared. The species I. densiflora had the highest percentage of CI, with 32.92%, followed by C. sinensis with 31.98%; then the species T. gigantea and P. americana with 30.49% and 26.27% respectively. These species were of great importance to coffee growers due to the positive impact they have on the family economy and their contribution to the environmental well-being of production systems.

scholarly journals Ethnomedicinal Plant Knowledge of the Karen in Thailand

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Methee Phumthum ◽  
Henrik Balslev ◽  
Rapeeporn Kantasrila ◽  
Sukhumaabhorn Kaewsangsai ◽  
Angkhana Inta
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Plant Knowledge ◽  
Informant Consensus ◽  
Hill Tribe ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Cultural Importance Index ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Plant Uses ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Families

The Thai Karen, the largest hill-tribe in Thailand, guard substantial ethnomedicinal plant knowledge, as documented in several studies that targeted single villages. Here, we have compiled information from all the reliable and published sources to present a comprehensive overview of the Karen ethnomedicinal plant knowledge. Our dataset covers 31 Karen villages distributed over eight provinces in Thailand. We used the Cultural Importance Index (CI) to determine which species were the most valuable to the Karen and the Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) to evaluate how well distributed the knowledge of ethnomedicinal plants was in various medicinal use categories. In the 31 Karen villages, we found 3188 reports of ethnomedicinal plant uses of 732 species in 150 plant families. Chromolaena odorata, Biancaea sappan, and Tinospora crispa were the most important medicinal plants, with the highest CI values. The Leguminosae, Asteraceae, Zingiberaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae, and Menispermaceae were the families with the highest CI values in the mentioned order. A high proportion of all the 3188 Karen use reports were used to treat digestive, general and unspecified, musculoskeletal, and skin disorders.

scholarly journals Using Measurable Indices to Evaluate the Cultural Importance of Socio-religious Plants: Comparative Data from the Three States of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Kavi K. Oza ◽  
Suchitra Chatterjee ◽  
Shrey Pandya ◽  
Vinay M. Raole
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Cultural Importance Index ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
Specific Culture

The aim of the present study is to do the balancing between the science and cultural practices in an increasingly complex developing society and policy on the traditional knowledge landscape. Various quantitative indices are proposed to determine the cultural importance of socio-religious and ethnobotanically valuable plants as a tool for the evaluation of cultural heritage. These indices were applied to an ethnobotanical, sociocultural survey of plants and plant parts traditionally used and consumed in the selected study area. Selected plants were grouped into seven use categories for further analysis. The cultural value index (CV), use value index (UV), the relative frequency of citation (RFC), relative importance (RI), and cultural importance index (CI) were calculated for different plant species cited by 45 informants in different traditional societies from the studied states. The calculated values of the cultural importance of plants through diverse indices generated interesting variations from three regions of India. There were eight common species through all the three states. Among these eight species Butea monosperma shows the highest values from Rajasthan and Ziziphus jujube shows the lowest values from Gujarat region. While Nelumbo nucifera, Vigna mungo, and Nymphaea lotus were also portrayed high calculated values in the CI, RI, and CVs. The combined use of these indices makes it possible to quantify the role which has given to a particular plant within a specific culture in one or many festivals in general or religious rituals.

scholarly journals Ethnobotany and Agrobiodiversity: Valuation of Plants in the Homegardens of Southwestern Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory W. Whitney ◽  
Joseph Bahati ◽  
Jens Gebauer
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Food System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Quantitative Ethnobotany ◽  
Conservation Movement ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Cultural Importance Index ◽  
Southwestern Uganda ◽  
High Diversity

Homegardens are species-rich agroforestry systems with a high diversity of associated traditional knowledge. These systems are an important part of food security for rural marginalized poor around the world, particularly in the humid tropics. Despite the high diversity and cultural importance, little is known about the livelihood-relevant plant diversity contained in the homegardens of southwestern Uganda. Here we employ the quantitative ethnobotany indices use reports (UR) and the cultural importance index (CI) to describe the importance of plants and plant types in the region’s homegardens. Data is based on inventories of 102 homegardens in the Greater Bushenyi from 2014 and reveals 225 useful plant species in 14 different use categories with 3,961 UR, 54% for food, 15% for economic uses, and 11% for medicine. The findings highlight the importance of homegarden plants for subsistence farming households and indicate that they are important places for conservation of botanical agrobiodiversity that should be considered part of the conservation movement in Uganda. Efforts to conserve both botanical and food system diversity in the extremely rich but rapidly deteriorating regional socio-cultural and ecological systems should consider homegardens for their role in conservation of plants and preservation of traditional knowledge.

Infrared spectra and substituent effects in 2-(3-, and 4-substituted phenylmethylene)-1,3-cycloheptanediones

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 586-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Perjéssy ◽  
Pavol Hrnčiar ◽  
Ján Šraga
Keyword(s):  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Vibrational Coupling ◽  
Wave Numbers ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Stretching Vibrations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Effect Of Structure

The wave numbers of the fundamental C=O and C=C stretching vibrations, as well as that of the first overtone of C=O stretching vibration of 2-(3-, and 4-substituted phenylmethylene)-1,3-cycloheptanediones and 1,3-cycloheptanedione were measured in tetrachloromethane and chloroform. The spectral data were correlated with σ+ constants of substituents attached to phenyl group and with wave number shifts of the C=O stretching vibration of substituted acetophenones. The slope of the linear dependence ν vs ν+ of the C=C stretching vibration of the ethylenic group was found to be more than two times higher than that of the analogous correlation of the C=O stretching vibration. Positive values of anharmonicity for asymmetric C=O stretching vibration can be considered as an evidence of the vibrational coupling in a cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl system similarly, as with derivatives of 1,3-indanedione. The relationship between the wave numbers of the symmetric and asymmetric C=O stretching vibrations indicates that the effect of structure upon both vibrations is symmetric. The vibrational coupling in 1,3-cycloheptanediones and the application of Seth-Paul-Van-Duyse equation is discussed in relation to analogous results obtained for other cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.

Private and Public Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 574-592
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Law And Economics ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Private Law ◽  
General Criterion ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Ordering ◽  
Public Rights ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Derivatives Of

This chapter explores the relationship between private and public law. In civil law countries, the public-private distinction serves as an organizing principle of the entire legal system. In common law jurisdictions, the distinction is at best an implicit design principle and is used primarily as an informal device for categorizing different fields of law. Even if not explicitly recognized as an organizing principle, however, it is plausible that private and public law perform distinct functions. Private law supplies the tools that make private ordering possible—the discretionary decisions that individuals make in structuring their lives. Public law is concerned with providing public goods—broadly defined—that cannot be adequately supplied by private ordering. In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, various schools of thought derived from utilitarianism have assimilated both private and public rights to the same general criterion of aggregate welfare analysis. This has left judges with no clear conception of the distinction between private and public law. Another problematic feature of modern legal thought is a curious inversion in which scholars who focus on fields of private law have turned increasingly to law and economics, one of the derivatives of utilitarianism, whereas scholars who concern themselves with public law are increasingly drawn to new versions of natural rights thinking, in the form of universal human rights.

On derivatives of fuzzy multi-dimensional mappings and applications under generalized differentiability

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
M. Miri Karbasaki ◽  
M. R. Balooch Shahriari ◽  
O. Sedaghatfar
Keyword(s):  
Linear Function ◽  
Level Set ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Continuous Linear ◽  
Generalized Differentiability ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Dimensional Mapping

This article identifies and presents the generalized difference (g-difference) of fuzzy numbers, Fréchet and Gâteaux generalized differentiability (g-differentiability) for fuzzy multi-dimensional mapping which consists of a new concept, fuzzy g-(continuous linear) function; Moreover, the relationship between Fréchet and Gâteaux g-differentiability is studied and shown. The concepts of directional and partial g-differentiability are further framed and the relationship of which will the aforementioned concepts are also explored. Furthermore, characterization is pointed out for Fréchet and Gâteaux g-differentiability; based on level-set and through differentiability of endpoints real-valued functions a characterization is also offered and explored for directional and partial g-differentiability. The sufficient condition for Fréchet and Gâteaux g-differentiability, directional and partial g-differentiability based on level-set and through employing level-wise gH-differentiability (LgH-differentiability) is expressed. Finally, to illustrate the ability and reliability of the aforementioned concepts we have solved some application examples.

scholarly journals Permutation Matrices, Their Discrete Derivatives and Extremal Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-740
Author(s):  
Richard A. Brualdi ◽  
Geir Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Permutation Matrix ◽  
Permutation Matrices ◽  
Discrete Derivative ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Extremal Properties

AbstractFor a permutation π, and the corresponding permutation matrix, we introduce the notion of discrete derivative, obtained by taking differences of successive entries in π. We characterize the possible derivatives of permutations, and consider questions for permutations with certain properties satisfied by the derivative. For instance, we consider permutations with distinct derivatives, and the relationship to so-called Costas arrays.

Soil Shear Strength Characteristic in Slope Disintegration Area

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 735-739
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Zhang ◽  
Shu Wen Ding ◽  
Shuang Xi Li
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Direct Shear Test ◽  
Shear Test ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Soil Mechanic ◽  
Direct Shear ◽  
Soil Cohesion ◽  
Soil Shear Strength ◽  
The Relationship

Development of slope disintegration is close to soil mechanic characteristics such as shear strength indices. Soil grain diameter and water content were tested. Soil direct shear test was conducted to analyze the relationship between shear strength indices and the influencing factors. The experimental data indicate that clay content and the range affect soil cohesion value and the scope. Soil cohesion increases with bulk density before 1.6g/cm3. But it decreases when the bulk after that. The results could provide a scientific basis for control of slope disintegration.

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