Exploring the Characterization of biodegradable plastic “polyhyroxybutrate” (PHB) from Bacillus siamensis PHB 01 (MW440618) isolated from termite mound soil of Western Ghats of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.

The present study was aimed to explore the characterization of polyhydroxy butrate extracted from the bacterial strain under optimized conditions for the production of bioplastic. Under optimized fermentation conditions, Polyhydroxy butrate (PHB) was extracted and subjected to examine their properties via Thin Layer Chromotogram (TLC), Gas Chromotogram- Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum (FTIR). The presence of a brown spot in the TLC plate indicates the presence of hydroxylgroup which is similar to the polymer group. GC-MS analysis of extracted PHB shows peaks at the retention time of 3.8, 11.6 which is corresponding to octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, butyl -2-ethylester confirms the presence of polymeric nature in the extracted PHB. The absorption bands of FTIR at 1719–1720 cm −1 indicate the presence of C=O group of PHB. The absorption peaks at wave numbers 500-1000 cm -1 , 1055 cm -1 and 1230 cm -1 denotes (OH) group, (C–O) stretch and (C=O) ester group. From these results, it was confirmed that the extracted PHB is having the potential to replace petroleum plastic.

The UV and FTIR Fingerprint of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke Essential oil: A Eugenol-Rich Chemo Type

Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke, a member of the family Lamiaceae, is a valuable medicinal plant used both in traditional and modern medicine. It is a perennial aromatic undershrub with tremendous phytochemical polymorphism. The present study aims to assess the amount of eugenol in the essential oil (EO) of O. kilimandscharicum. Eugenol is one of the most popular phenolic compounds, which is naturally synthesized and extracted from the EO of different plant species. The fresh leaves and flowers of O. kilimandsharicum were used to extract EO using a hydrodistillation method. Ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry techniques were used to assess and quantify the chemical fingerprint of the EO and their main phytoconstituents. In this study, eugenol showed its peak absorbance to be around 282 nm in both the EO and pure eugenol spectra. The FTIR spectra of the EO and eugenol showed different functional groups determined by comparing the vibration frequencies in wave numbers of the EO and eugenol spectra with those of an IR correlation chart. Eugenol is a well-known phenolic compound with medicinal and economic value. The UV and FTIR spectra of the EO of O. kilimandsharicum proved the presence of a high amount of eugenol in the O. kilimandscharicum plant.

Двухкомпонентное бризерное решение уравнения Хироты

Using the generalized perturbation reduction method the Hirota equation is transformed to the coupled nonlinear Schr¨odinger equations. A solution of the Hirota equation in the form of the two-component vector breather oscillating with the sum and difference of the frequencies and the wave numbers which coincide with the 0π pulse of the self-induced transparency is obtained.

Synthesis Of Mg/Al Hydrotalsite-Magnetite As CN- Ion Adsorbent On Wastewater Tapioca Industry

Cyanide compounds contained in tapioca industrial wastewater are relatively high, so it is necessary to reduce cyanide levels. This study utilizes the hydrotalcite-magnetite ability to adsorption of CN- ions. The composite formation process is carried out by mixing the magnetite phase at the stage of hydrotalcite-magnetite synthesis. The characterization of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) shows reflection of the magnetite peak of 2θ 21.42°; 30,28°; 33.40°;35.65° and 37°. While the peak of hydrotalocites at an angle of 11.66° ; 23,33° ; 34,80° ; 60,92° ; and 62.21°. This result is supported by ir spectra on hydrotalocytes shown by O-H group at wave number 3441 cm-1, O=C-O at wave numbers 1359 cm-1, M-O and M-OH at wave numbers 964 cm-1, 797 cm-1 and 673 cm-1. Fe-O and Fe-OH absorption from magnetites at wave numbers 892 cm-1, 798 cm-1 and 629 cm-1. 0.4 grams of hydrotalcite-magnetite at 30 minutes of stirring absorbed 0.0490 mg/L of cyanide from tapioca liquid waste solution. The value of adsorption capacity is 0.022 mg/g and the adsorption efficiency is 87.96%. The hydrotalcite-magnetite adsorption method is superior to aerob and anaerobic methods using bacteria in the tapioca industry.

Molecular Structure, Vibrational Spectral Studies, NLO Properties and frontier molecular investigations of 2-Chloro-6-Fluoro Benzaldehyde by DFT

Benzaldehyde and its derivatives are the simplest in aromatic aldehydes and have wide range of use in different industries. Due to this reason, there exist a vast field of study of substituted benzaldehydes. Quantum mechanical calculations of geometries, energies, vibrational wave numbers and thermodynamic constants have been performed with Gaussian 09 program package using the beece-3-Lee-Yang-Parr- (B3LYP) functional supplemented with the standard 6-31G (DP). The optimized geometrical parameters obtained by computational methods. The thermodynamic properties as heat capacity, entropy and enthalpy of the titled compounds are derived also dipole moment, Polarizability and hyperpolarizability are calculated along with brief study of HOMO-LUMO is done.

Dimensionless wave numbers evolution of a three spans simply supported beam when the intermediate supports are moving along the whole beam

Continuous beams simply supported with several intermediate supports are very common in engineering achievements everywhere. The paper shows the evolution of the dimensionless wave number in 3D format, respectively of the eigenfrequencies for a continuous beam with three openings when the intermediate supports take any position inside the beam. The frequency equation for calculating the dimensionless wave number is presented and the modal function is given with an example for the case where the eigenfrequency has the maximum value at fist vibration mode.

Clustering in massive neutrino cosmologies via Eulerian Perturbation Theory

We introduce an Eulerian Perturbation Theory to study the clustering of tracers for cosmologies in the presence of massive neutrinos. Our approach is based on mapping recently-obtained Lagrangian Perturbation Theory results to the Eulerian framework. We add Effective Field Theory counterterms, IR-resummations and a biasing scheme to compute the one-loop redshift-space power spectrum. To assess our predictions, we compare the power spectrum multipoles against synthetic halo catalogues from the QUIJOTE simulations, finding excellent agreement on scales k ≲ 0.25 h Mpc-1. One can obtain the same fitting accuracy using higher wave-numbers, but then the theory fails to give a correct estimation of the linear bias parameter. We further discuss the implications for the tree-level bispectrum. Finally, calculating loop corrections is computationally costly, hence we derive an accurate approximation wherein we retain only the main features of the kernels, as produced by changes to the growth rate. As a result, we show how FFTLog methods can be used to further accelerate the loop computations with these reduced kernels.

Characterization of cellulose acetate functional groups synthesized from corn husk (Zea mays)

The use of masks is very important to reduce transmission of the COVID 19 virus. Therefore, an innovation is needed from mask materials is that are environmentally friendly, have good filtration quality and have anti-virus agents. An alternative way to provide masks with good filterability using a raw material of cellulose acetate. Cellulose acetate has fibrils that are bonded together so that it can form dense fibers. Fiber is a semipermeable layer that functions as a particle filtration. Therefore, this study aims to get cellulose from corn husks via delignification. The research method consisted of extracting cellulose from corn husks and further synthesizing cellulose acetate. FTIR results showed an absorption peak at wave numbers 3349 cm-1, 1728 cm-1, 1252 cm-1, and 1031 cm-1. These peaks indicated the presence functional groups of OH, C=O, aryl ether, and C-O. This functional group indicates a cellulose acetate compound.

Biosynthesis and characterization of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) via Antidesma bunius L. fruit extract

Biosynthesis of ZnFe2O4 via Antidesma bunius L fruit extract has been carried out. In this synthesis, Zn(NO3)2.6H2O and Fe(NO3)3.9H2O were used which act as precursors of Zn2+ and Fe3+ ions with a coefficient ratio of 1:2 using the coprecipitation method with variations in calcination temperatures of 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C. The precursor used is NaOH. XRD data showed that there are diffraction peaks of ZnFe2O4 in all samples but at a calcination temperature of 700,°C the diffraction peaks of ZnFe2O4 with high intensity are more visible at 2Θ = 31.78°, 34.42°, 35.2°, 36.22°, 56.61° this peak corresponds to the peak ZnFe2O4 diffraction (JCPDS 22-1012) in addition there is also a peak of ZnO at 2Θ = 31.7°, 34.4°, 36.2°, 47.5°, 62.8°, 66.5° and 69.2° (JCPDS 36-1451). FTIR analysis showed that the Zn-O stretching group was at wave numbers 837 cm-1, 870 cm-1, 1058 cm-1, 1065 cm-1, and 1350 cm-1. The Zn-O-Zn strain is found at wave numbers 1350 cm-1, 1633 cm-1, and 1634 cm-1, respectively. The appearance of these bonding groups proves that the synthesis of ZnFe2O4 has been formed.

Characterization of Physical Properties for Activated Carbon from Garlic Skin

Abstrak. Karbon aktif yang berasal dari biomassa telah menjadi bahan material dasar yang sudah digunakan secara luas untuk berbagai aplikasi eperti penyerapan, absorben, elektroda, penyimpan energi, dan aplikasi lainnya. Oleh karena itu perlu untuk pengoptimalkan sumber mentah karbon aktif berbiaya rendah dan memiliki porositas yang tinggi. Biomassa kulit bawang putih sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan karbon aktif melalui proses pra-karbonisasi, aktivasi kimia dengan aktivator KOH dan ZnCl2 dengan masing-masing kosentrasi sebesar 0,25 M, 0,5 M, dan 0,75 M dan tanpa aktivator kimia. Proses karbonisasi dengan suhu 600°C dialiri gas nitrogen dan diaktivasi fisika dengan suhu 850°C. Penyusutan massa karbon sebesar 29,4%. Nilai densitas dari elektroda karbon untuk aktivator KOH dengan kosentrasi 0,5M yaitu 0,64 g.cm-3dan untuk aktivator ZnCl2 dengan kosentrasi 0,5M yaitu 0,71 g.cm-3. Gugus fungsi yang dimiliki elektroda kulit bawang putih diidentifikasi sebagai C-C, C C (alkuna), C-H (alkana), dan (O-H) yaitu pada bilangan gelombang 1600 cm-1, 1500 cm-1, 2950 cm-1 dan 2900-3600 cm-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada aktivator KOH dan ZnCl2 dengan kosentrasi 0,5 M kondisi terbaik untuk variasi guna menunjang pengoptimalkan sumber mentah karbon aktif dan bisa digunakan dalam berbagai apliasi yang lebih luas. Abstract. Activated carbon derived from biomass has become a basic material that has been used widely for various applications such as absorption, absorbent, electrodes, energy storage, and other applications. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the raw source of activated carbon which is low cost and has high porosity. Garlic skin biomass as a basic material for making activated carbon through a pre-carbonization process, chemical activation with KOH and ZnCl2 activators with concentrations of 0,25 M, 0,5 M, and 0,75 M respectively and without chemical activators. The carbonization process with a temperature of 600°C is flowed with nitrogen gas and is physically activated at a temperature of 850°C. Shrinkage of carbon by 29.4%. The density value of the carbon electrode for the KOH activator with a concentration of 0.5M is 0.64 g.cm-3 and for the ZnCl2 activator with a concentration of 0,5M is 0,71 g.cm-3. The functional groups possessed by the garlic skin electrode were identified as C-C, C = C (alkynes), C-H (alkanes), and (O-H), namely at the wave numbers 1600 cm-1, 1500 cm-1, 2950 cm-1 and 2900-3600 cm-1. The results showed that the KOH and ZnCl2 activators with a concentration of 0.5 M were the best conditions for variation in order to optimize the raw source of activated carbon and could be used in a wider variety of applications.