scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and potassium on post harvest stored insect pest infestation of two garlic genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Pest Infestation

scholarly journals Comparative Experimental Effects of Intercropping and Cypermethrin on Insect Pest Infestation and Yield of Maize, Cowpea and Okra in Two Cameroonian Agro-Ecological Zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-393
Author(s):  
Patient Farsia Djidjonri ◽  
Nukenine Elias Nchiwan ◽  
Hartmut Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

The present study investigates the effect of intercropping (maize-cowpea, maize-okra, maize-okra-cowpea, okra-cowpea) compared to insecticide application on the level of infestation of insect pests and the final yield of maize, cowpea and okra. Field experiments were conducted during the 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons in the Guinean Savannah (Dang-Ngaoundere) and Sudano Sahelian (Gouna-Garoua) agro-ecological zones in Cameroon. Our experimental design was a split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block with four replications. The main factor was assigned to the use of insecticide (Cypermethrin) and sub plots were devoted for cropping systems. We compared the efficiency of intercropping to that of Cypermethrin application on the Yield of maize, cowpea and okra as influenced by insect pest damages. The comparison of monocropped sprayed by Cypermethrin to unsprayed showed that, in Dang, insect pests reduced maize yield by 37% and 24% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, whereas in Gouna, it was lower than 8% during the both years. Reduction in seed yield by insect pests on cowpea in Dang represented 47% and 50% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, whereas in Gouna, it was 55% and 63% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. For okra, insect pests reduced okra fruit yield by 25% and 44% in Dang and 23% and 28% in Gouna, respectively, in 2016 and 2017. Crop yield was lower in intercropping compared to monoculture due to competition of plants in association on different resources. Considering the total yields obtained from each intercropping, intercropping trials resulted generally in higher yields compared to mono-culture (LER > 1) in both sites and years but the respective yields were quite different. On the basis of the results obtained, we recommend maize-cowpea intercropping as a sustainable solution to reduce the infestation level of their pest insects.

scholarly journals Еffect of insect infestation on the economic value of smoked fish sold in selected markets in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
A.A. Ayeloja ◽  
F.O.A. George ◽  
W.A. Jimoh ◽  
G.L. Adebisi
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Abstract. In the present study a multistage sampling technique using semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio- economic characteristics of the respondents and on economic loss of smoked fish resulting from insect pest infestation. Smoked fishes were bought from 10 markets in Oyo state, South West of Nigeria and checked in the laboratory for the insect pests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square. Results indicated that insects at their larvae stage cause more economic loss to smoked fish than adult insects while Necrobia rufipes and Dermestes spp. are the insects found to infest the smoked fishes in this study. The insect infestation of the smoked fish leads to huge economic loss. Of all respondent groups the women dominate smoked fish business.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Water Regimes and Spacing on Insect Pest Infestation and Efficacy of Control Measures in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. A. Oso ◽  
G. O. Awe
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
And Control

Aim: Information on the influence of water availability during different seasons of rainfed or irrigated agriculture as it relates to insect pest population build-up in crops could assist in the development of integrated pest management. A study was therefore conducted to investigate effects of spacing, pest infestation and control on cucumber under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Place and Duration of Study: At the Teaching and Research Farm, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria during the 2016/2017 rainy and dry seasons. Methodology: The experiment was laid out using randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split-plot arrangement in five replications, with spacing (60 x 60 cm, 60 x 90 cm and 60 x 120 cm) as the main plot treatments and the sub-plot treatments were different pest control strategies. The pest control strategies include synthetic insecticide (Lambda-cyhalothrin), botanical insecticide (Anogeissus leiocarpus) and control. Growth parameters and yield attributes were recorded. Insect pest occurrence, their build-up and percentage infestation on cucumber and the efficacy of the management strategies were monitored. Results: The results showed that yield was enhanced in irrigated system with the widest spacing of 60 x 120 cm botanical treatment interaction. Bemisia tabaci was the most prominent insect pest attacking cucumber under irrigated system. Conclusion: Other cultural control practices such as the use of trap crops with little or no financial implication should also be added to botanical pesticides as an integrated pest management tactic for effective management and control of the pest.

Efficacy of lemongrass essential oil and citral in controlling Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a post-harvest cowpea insect pest

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela de Souza Alves ◽  
Ivana Mello Campos ◽  
Diego de Mello Conde de Brito ◽  
Cristiane Martins Cardoso ◽  
Emerson Guedes Pontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Lemongrass Essential Oil

scholarly journals Gene Pyramiding for Sustainable Crop Improvement against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Dormatey ◽  
Chao Sun ◽  
Kazim Ali ◽  
Jeffrey A. Coulter ◽  
Zhenzhen Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Pest Infestation

Sustainable agricultural production is endangered by several ecological factors, such as drought, extreme temperatures, excessive salts, parasitic ailments, and insect pest infestation. These challenging environmental factors may have adverse effects on future agriculture production in many countries. In modern agriculture, conventional crop-breeding techniques alone are inadequate for achieving the increasing population’s food demand on a sustainable basis. The advancement of molecular genetics and related technologies are promising tools for the selection of new crop species. Gene pyramiding through marker-assisted selection (MAS) and other techniques have accelerated the development of durable resistant/tolerant lines with high accuracy in the shortest period of time for agricultural sustainability. Gene stacking has not been fully utilized for biotic stress resistance development and quality improvement in most of the major cultivated crops. This review emphasizes on gene pyramiding techniques that are being successfully deployed in modern agriculture for improving crop tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses for sustainable crop improvement.

scholarly journals Gene Pyramiding for Sustainable Crop Improvement against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Dormatey ◽  
Chao Sun ◽  
Kazim Ali ◽  
Jeffrey A Coulter ◽  
Zhenzhen Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Pest Infestation

Sustainable agricultural production is endangered by several ecological factors such as drought, extreme temperatures, excessive salts, parasitic ailments, and insect pest infestation. These challenging environmental factors may have adverse effects on future agriculture production in many countries. In modern agriculture, conventional crop breeding techniques alone are inadequate for achieving the increasing population’s food demand on a sustainable basis. The advancement of molecular genetics and related technologies are promising tools for the selection of new crop species. Gene pyramiding through marker assisted selection (MAS) and other techniques have accelerated the development of durable resistant/tolerant lines with high accuracy in the shortest possible period of time for agricultural sustainability. Gene stacking has not been fully utilized for biotic stress resistance development and quality improvement in most of the major cultivated crops. This review emphasizes on gene pyramiding techniques that are being successfully deployed in modern agriculture for improving crop tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses for sustainable crop improvement.

scholarly journals Economic Impact of a Potential Expansion of Pest Infestation: Apple Maggot in Washington State

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-659
Author(s):  
Suzette P. Galinato ◽  
R. Karina Gallardo ◽  
David M. Granatstein ◽  
Mike Willett
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
Production Areas

Apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella) is an insect pest of apple (Malus domestica) that is currently limited in extent in the commercial production areas of Washington State thanks to a quarantine program. We estimate the costs to the Washington economy if this pest were to spread more widely. Apple maggot control costs are related to the pressure of codling moth (Cydia pomonella), the most prevalent insect pest in commercial apple production in Washington State. It was found that the losses for the Washington apple industry’s range from $510 million to $557 million, depending on the codling moth pressure. Our findings underscore the importance of an efficient quarantine program that minimized the risk of spreading the pest along with additional costs associated with quarantined areas.

scholarly journals Management of Blue Gum Chalcid (Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) infestation on different species of Eucalyptus trees in Kalu district, Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-214
Author(s):  
Tigabu Redae Alle ◽  
Adane Tesfaye Lema ◽  
Seid Muhie Dawud
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Leptocybe Invasa ◽  
Control Application ◽  
Blue Gum

The recently introduced chalcid pest known as the Blue Gum Chalcid (BGC) (L. invasa) is currently one of the major insect pests of Eucalyptus tree species in Ethiopia. A research was conducted in Kalu district, South Wollo, Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia, the main objective of which was to evaluate the effectiveness of synthetic insecticides, hoeing and water showering options against BGC. Two parallel experiments were conducted in the nursery and in the field. Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. saligna, E. viminalis, E. citrodora and E. globulus were considered in the nursery at Chorisa. One to three-year old E. camaldulensis plantations were considered at Tikuro plantation site. At the nursery, seven treatments and at the field 10 treatments were tested in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications from January to February 2019, where treatments were applied 3 times at 15-day intervals. Results from the 1-year old plantation revealed that application of Dimethoate 40%, Carbofuran 3G and Dimethoate 40% + hoeing followed by Carbofuran 3G + hoeing and Thiamethoxam 25WG were effective in checking the BGC insect pest infestation. In the 3-year old plantation, Carbofuran 3G significantly reduced the infestation followed by Dimethoate 40%. At the nursery, Dimethoate 40% and Carbofuran 3G reduced the infestation followed by Carbofuran 3G + Dimethoate 40% and thiamethoxam 25WG. Water showering and hoeing did not reduce BGC infestation in all cases at the field plantations. Treatments that received synthetic insecticides and hoeing had low infestation, the reason for which was the insecticide rather than the hoeing, because the hoeing alone didn’t differ from the control. Application of Dimethoate 40% and Carbofuran 3G with hoeing and weeding activities were recommended to manage and limit BGC insect pest infestations.

scholarly journals Качество зерна пшеницы разных сортов в зависимости от зараженности амбарным долгоносиком (Sitophilus granarius L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 394-401
Author(s):  
N. O. Yashchuk ◽  
L. M. Matseiko ◽  
A. V. Bober
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
Grain Unit

<p><span lang="EN-US">We considered the influence of varietal features of wheat grain on the degree of its infection by granary weevil and the change of quality indices grain of crop at the pest infestation. We stidued the samples of grain of winter wheat of soft varieties of Oriyka, Zluka, Forest song and spring durum Kharkovskaya 27 variety. Our study consisted in determining the technological and sowing parameters of wheat grains of different varieties after the 1 month of storage (after passing the post-harvest ripening) and after 12 months of storage (after infection of grain by granary weevil). After passing the post-harvest ripening, the wheat grain of all studied varieties was suitable for technological, seed and fodder purposes and grain Kharkovskaya 27 for the food purposes. After 12 months of storage, the most populated barn weevil was wheat grain of winter soft variety Forest song (more than 3000 pieces in one kilogram in obvious form and 34 % in hidden form). The least infected was grain of spring wheat durum Kharkovskaya 27 (about 500 pieces in one kilogram). The difference in the infection of the wheat grain of the studied varieties is explained by the different hardness of the grain. After 12 months of storage, the population with a granary weevil of wheat grains of all studied varieties promoted an increase in the moisture content and content of foreign materials and carried out to decrease in the characteristics of </span><span lang="EN-GB">grain-unit</span><span lang="EN-US">, energy of germination, germinating ability, content of protein and gluten.</span><span lang="EN-US">In the varieties of Oriyka, Zluka and Kharkovskaya 27 energy of germination and germinating ability decreased from 3 till 10 % compared to the initial indices. We observed the most significant decrease in the sowing indices in the variety of Forest song: by 58% less than the initial value of the energy of germination and by 51 % less than germinating ability. We concluded that the wheat grain of the spring durum Kharkovskaya 27 was the most resistant to infection of granary weevil and the preservation of technological quality indicators was.</span></p>

scholarly journals Essential Oils as Post-Harvest Crop Protectants against the Fruit Fly Drosophila suzukii: Bioactivity and Organoleptic Profile

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bedini ◽  
Francesca Cosci ◽  
Camilla Tani ◽  
Erika Carla Pierattini ◽  
Francesca Venturi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Low Concentrations

The essential oils extracted from mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruits, and from tea tree (Maleleuca alternifolia (Maiden and Betche) Cheel) leaves have been chemically analyzed and tested for their bioactivity against D. suzukii. Besides, to estimate consumers’ acceptability of the essential oil (EO) treatments, we evaluated their impact on the organoleptic characteristics of the EO-treated fruits. The main chemical constituents of the two EOs were 1,8-cineole and 4-terpineol for M. alternifolia (22.4% and 17.6% of the total components, respectively), and limonene (83.6% of the total components) for C. reticulata. The behavioral tests indicate that the two EOs are able to deter D. suzukii oviposition and that D. suzukii shows positive chemotaxis to low concentrations of the EOs and negative chemotaxis when the EO concentration increases. While no negative effects on the organoleptic profiles were detected for fruits treated with C. reticulata EO, the olfactory profile of fruits treated with M. alternifolia EO was so negative that they were defined as “not suitable for consumption” by panellists. Overall, our findings indicate that the use of EOs for the post-harvest protection of small fruits is feasible, provided that the essential oils are selected not only for their bioactivity against the insect pest but also for their affinity with the consumers’ sensorial system.

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