Machined titanium disc decontamination using photodynamic therapy: an in vitro study

ObjectiveThis study investigated less invasive protocols that do not injure peri-implant tissues during implant surface decontamination and evaluated, in vitro, the efficacyof microbiological decontamination of machined surface titanium discs with photodynamic therapy.MethodsForty eight titanium disc contaminated with 10μL of a Streptococcus sanguinis suspension were randomly divided into groups: 1) titanium disc contaminated with Ss (titanium disc suspension) without treatment; 2) titanium disc suspension rinsed with saline solution; 3) titanium disc suspension rinsed with 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate; 4) titanium disc suspension treated with Photosensitizer Methilene Blue; 5) titanium disc suspension treated with Photosensitizer Methilene Blue associated with laser diode; 6) titanium disc suspension treated with diode laser. After the treatments, the titanium disc were submersed in 3mL of sterile brain-heart infusion broth under aerobic conditions at 37ºC for 48 hours. Three petri plates were seeded per sample and maintained under aerobic conditions at 37ºC for 48 hours, after which the number of colony forming units per milliliter was counted.ResultsThe Kruskal-Wallis test complemented by Dunn test showed that chlorhexidine digluconate eliminated titanium disc contamination (p<0.05). All the other groups (2, 4, 5, 6) had fewer colony-forming units than group 1 (p<0.05).ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, Photodynamic Therapy reduced titanium disc contamination but was not better than 0.2 % chlorhexidine digluconate rinsing.Indexing terms: Chlorhexidine. Implant. Laser. Titanium.

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Microbial Adhesion on Different Bracket Types in vitro

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/092908-507.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 79 (5) ◽

pp. 915-921 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Janvan Gastel ◽

Marc Quirynen ◽

Wim Teughels ◽

Martine Pauwels ◽

Wim Coucke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Microbial Adhesion ◽

Type D ◽

High Adhesion ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Pigmented Bacteria

Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that there are differences in total bacterial counts and capacity for biofilm formation between seven different bracket types. Material and Methods: By means of an in vitro experiment, seven commercially available bracket systems (Damon [A], Clarity [B], Mystique [C], Speed [D], Victory MBT [E], Micro-loc [F], and Generus [G]) were compared. A total of 25 premolar brackets of each bracket system were incubated in brain heart infusion medium containing the saliva and bacteria of two orthodontic patients. After 72 hours, the amounts of aerobe and anaerobe bacteria were determined by counting the colony-forming units (CFU). The CFU ratio (aerobe/anaerobe) also was calculated, and the black pigmented bacteria were analyzed. Results: Significant differences between the different bracket types in terms of biofilm formation were found. Bracket types can be arbitrarily divided into low, intermediate, and high plaque-retaining brackets. The group with low adhesion consists of bracket types E, F, and G; the group with high adhesion of bracket types A, B, and C; and type D exhibits intermediate adhesion. The group with high microbial adhesion (A, B, and C) did present significantly lower CFU ratios (aerobe/anaerobe) than were exhibited by the other bracket systems (P < .05). Conclusion: The hypothesis is accepted. Orthodontic brackets serve as different loci for biofilm formation; in this in vitro study, significant differences were noted between the different types of brackets.

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Biomimetic Implant Surface Functionalization with Liquid L-PRF Products: In Vitro Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/9031435 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marco Lollobrigida ◽

Manuela Maritato ◽

Giuseppina Bozzuto ◽

Giuseppe Formisano ◽

Agnese Molinari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autologous Blood ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Adjunctive Treatment ◽

Machined Surface ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Platelet Rich Fibrin

Objective. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) clots and membranes are autologous blood concentrates widely used in oral surgical procedures; less is known, however, about the liquid formulations of such products. The aim of this in vitro study is to assess the behavior of different implant surfaces when in contact with two liquid leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) products.Methods. Six commercial pure titanium discs, of 9.5 mm diameter and 1.5 mm thickness, were used. Three of these samples had a micro/nano-rough surface; three were machined. Three different protocols were tested. Protocols involved the immersion of the samples in(1)a platelets, lymphocytes, and fibrinogen liquid concentrate (PLyF) for 10 minutes,(2)an exudate obtained from L-PRF clots rich in fibronectin and vitronectin for 5 minutes, and(3)the fibronectin/vitronectin exudate for 2 minutes followed by immersion in the PLyF concentrate for further 8 minutes. After these treatments, the samples were fixed and observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).Results. Under microscopic observation,(1)the samples treated with the PLyF concentrate revealed a dense fibrin network in direct contact with the implant surface and a significant number of formed elements of blood;(2)in the samples treated with the fibronectin/vitronectin exudates, only a small number of white and red blood cells were detectable; and(3)in samples exposed to the combined treatment, there was an apparent increase in the thickness of the fibrin layer. When compared to the machined surface, the micro/nano-rough samples showed an overall increased retention of fibrin, leading to a thicker coating.Conclusions. Liquid L-PRF products promote the formation of a dense fibrin clot on micro/nano-rough implant surfaces in vitro. The adjunctive treatment of surfaces with the fibronectin/vitronectin exudate could provide support to contact of the fibrin with the surface, though it is not essential for the clot formation. Further studies are necessary to better elucidate the properties and benefits of liquid L-PRF products.

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An In Vitro Analysis of Sodium Hypochlorite Decontamination for the Reuse of Implant Healing Abutments

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00273 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Almehmadi

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Bacterial Culture ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Sem Images ◽

Streptococcus Sanguis ◽

Implant Dentistry ◽

Vitro Analysis

Abstract The re-use of healing abutments (HAs) has become common practice in implant dentistry for economic concerns and the aim of this in-vitro study was to assess the effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in decontamination of HAs. 122 HAs (Used and sterilized n=107; New n=15) were procured from 3 centers, of which 3 samples were discarded due to perforation in sterilization pouch. For sterility assessment, the used HAs (n=80) were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), bacterial isolates were identified in 7 samples. Also, 24 used HAs were stained with Phloxine B, photographed and compared to new HAs (n=5). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) assessed the differences between the two sets of HAs, following which the 7 contaminated HAs along with 24 used HAs from staining experiment (Total=31) were subsequently treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and SEM images were observed. About 8.75% of HAs tested positive in bacterial culture; Streptococcus sanguis, Dermabacter hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Aspergillus species were isolated. Phloxine B staining was positive for used and sterilized HAs when compared to controls. The SEM images revealed deposits in the used HAs and although treatment with NaOCl eliminated the contamination of cultured HAs, the SEM showed visible debris in the HA thread region. This in-vitro study concluded that SEM images showed debris in used HAs at screw-hole and thread regions even though they tested negative in bacterial culture. The treatment with NaOCl of used HAs showed no bacterial contamination but the debris was observed in SEM images. Future studies on the chemical composition, biological implications, and clinical influence is warranted before considering the reuse of HAs.

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Macrophagic Inflammatory Response Next to Dental Implants with Different Macro- and Micro-Structure: An In Vitro Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11125324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 5324

Author(s):

Maria Menini ◽

Francesca Delucchi ◽

Domenico Baldi ◽

Francesco Pera ◽

Francesco Bagnasco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Dental Implants ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Optimal Outcomes ◽

Negative Controls ◽

Inflammatory Effect

(1) Background: Intrinsic characteristics of the implant surface and the possible presence of endotoxins may affect the bone–implant interface and cause an inflammatory response. This study aims to evaluate the possible inflammatory response induced in vitro in macrophages in contact with five different commercially available dental implants. (2) Methods: one zirconia implant NobelPearl® (Nobel Biocare) and four titanium implants, Syra® (Sweden & Martina), Prama® (Sweden & Martina), 3iT3® (Biomet 3i) and Shard® (Mech & Human), were evaluated. After 4 h of contact of murine macrophage cells J774a.1 with the implants, the total RNA was extracted, transcribed to cDNA and the gene expression of the macrophages was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in relation to the following genes: GAPDH, YWHAZ, IL1β, IL6, TNFα, NOS2, MMP-9, MMP-8 and TIMP3. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with negative controls. (3) Results: No implant triggered a significant inflammatory response in macrophages, although 3iT3 exhibited a slight pro-inflammatory effect compared to other samples. (4) Conclusions: All the samples showed optimal outcomes without any inflammatory stimulus on the examined macrophagic cells.

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In Vitro Effect of Photodynamic Therapy with Different Lights and Combined or Uncombined with Chlorhexidine on Candida spp.

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13081176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1176

Author(s):

Vanesa Pérez-Laguna ◽

Yolanda Barrena-López ◽

Yolanda Gilaberte ◽

Antonio Rezusta

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Photodynamic Treatment ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Vitro Effect

Candidiasis is very common and complicated to treat in some cases due to increased resistance to antifungals. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising alternative treatment. It is based on the principle that light of a specific wavelength activates a photosensitizer molecule resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species that are able to kill pathogens. The aim here is the in vitro photoinactivation of three strains of Candida spp., Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and Candida krusei ATCC 6258, using aPDT with different sources of irradiation and the photosensitizer methylene blue (MB), alone or in combination with chlorhexidine (CHX). Irradiation was carried out at a fluence of 18 J/cm2 with a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp emitting in red (625 nm) or a white metal halide lamp (WMH) that emits at broad-spectrum white light (420–700 nm). After the photodynamic treatment, the antimicrobial effect is evaluated by counting colony forming units (CFU). MB-aPDT produces a 6 log10 reduction in the number of CFU/100 μL of Candida spp., and the combination with CHX enhances the effect of photoinactivation (effect achieved with lower concentration of MB). Both lamps have similar efficiencies, but the WMH lamp is slightly more efficient. This work opens the doors to a possible clinical application of the combination for resistant or persistent forms of Candida infections.

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