scholarly journals Chromosome Characterization of Festival Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa D. var. Festival) Result of Polyploidization

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganies Riza Aristya ◽  
Rezika Alyza
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Mutation ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars ◽  
Chromosome Characterization

Strawberry is fruit commodities which originating from the member of Rosaceae and has been widely cultivated in several countries of the world including Indonesia. One of the strawberry cultivars which consumed and cultivate in Indonesia is the strawberry Festival (Fragaria x ananassa D. var. Festival), which was developed in the area of Banyuroto, Magelang. In order to improve the quality and quantity of strawberry plants, polyploidization using colchicine has been employed in previous studies. The objectives of this research were study the chromosome character which include number, size, shape, and karyotype of normal strawberries and treatment strawberries with colchicine (0.05% 36 hours of root and leaf induction, 0.05% 24 hours of root and leaf induction, 0.05% 36 hours of leaf induction, 0.01% 36 hours of root and leaf induction). The results of this research shown that chromosome number difference and degree of ploidy between Fragaria x ananassa var Chandler in America with Fragaria x ananassa var. Festival in Indonesia due to natural mutation. While Festival strawberry control and treatment colchicine have same number chromosome is 2n=4x=28M and there are a difference long sleeve and short sleeve chromosome that may affect the content of chromosome expression and phenotype character are produced. The analysis of flow cytometry showed that treatment strawberry with colchicine has two peaks with intensity fluorescence equal to strawberry control so that it can be interpreted that the ploidy number of strawberries treatment with colchicine is tetraploid.

scholarly journals CHROMOSOME NUMBER AND TIME PERIOD OF MITOTIC CYCLE OF FESTIVAL AND CALIFORNICA STRAWBERRY CULTIVARS (Fragaria x ananassa AND Fragaria vesca)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Ganies Riza Aristya ◽  
Rezika Alyza ◽  
Rosyidatul Khoiroh ◽  
Budi Setiadi Daryono
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Genomics Research ◽  
Strawberry Cultivar ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Seed Propagation ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

<p>The cultivated strawberries, Fragaria x ananassa and Fragaria vesca, are the most economically-important softfruit species. F x ananassa and F vesca, both diploid (2n=2x=14) relatives of the commercial octoploid strawberry, are an attractive model for functional genomics research in Rosaceae. Its small genome size, short reproductive cycle, and facile vegetative and seed propagation make F. x annassa and F.vesca a promising candidates for forward and reverse genetics experiments. In order to determine their genetic differences in more detail, chromosome characterization of the two strawberry cultivars was investigated. A method used for chromosome slides in this research was a squash method with modification in pre-treatment. The result showed Fragaria x ananassa had (2n = 4x = 28) chromosome number is 28 and Fragaria vesca had (2n = 2x = 14) chromosome number is 14. The time of mitotic that both strawberry cultivars was similar at 7 to 8.30 am. In addition, mixoploid cells were found in both strawberry cultivar indicating that these cultivars had been treated by mutagenic agents for a breeding program.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong> : Fragaria, chromosome, mitotic</p>

Preparation and Characterization of NH2-Terminal Fibrinogen Bβ Fragments from N-DSK of Human Fibrinogen

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 016-021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Birken ◽  
G Agosto ◽  
B Lahiri ◽  
R Canfield
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Cnbr Cleavage ◽  
Two Peaks

SummaryIn order to investigate the early release of NH2-terminal plasmic fragments from the Bβ chain of fibrinogen, substantial quantities of Bβ 1-42 and Bβ 1-21 are required as immunogens, as radioimmunoassay standards and for infusion into human volunteers to determine the half-lives of these peptides. Towards this end methods that employ selective proteolytic cleavage of these fragments from fibrinogen have been developed. Both the N-DSK fragment, produced by CNBr cleavage of fibrinogen, and Bβ 1-118 were employed as substrates for plasmin with the finding of higher yields from N-DSK. Bβ 1-42 and Bβ 1-21 were purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography on SP-Sephadex using volatile buffers. When the purified preparation of Bβ 1-42 was chromatographed on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, two peaks of identical amino acid composition were separated, presumably due either to pyroglutamate or to amide differences.

scholarly journals The absence of the caffeine synthase gene is involved in the naturally decaffeinated status of Coffea humblotiana, a wild species from Comoro archipelago

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Raharimalala ◽  
Stephane Rombauts ◽  
Andrew McCarthy ◽  
Andréa Garavito ◽  
Simon Orozco-Arias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Illegitimate Recombination ◽  
Recombination Mechanism ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Caffeine Synthase ◽  
The World ◽  
Decaffeinated Coffee ◽  
Chromosome Level

AbstractCaffeine is the most consumed alkaloid stimulant in the world. It is synthesized through the activity of three known N-methyltransferase proteins. Here we are reporting on the 422-Mb chromosome-level assembly of the Coffea humblotiana genome, a wild and endangered, naturally caffeine-free, species from the Comoro archipelago. We predicted 32,874 genes and anchored 88.7% of the sequence onto the 11 chromosomes. Comparative analyses with the African Robusta coffee genome (C. canephora) revealed an extensive genome conservation, despite an estimated 11 million years of divergence and a broad diversity of genome sizes within the Coffea genus. In this genome, the absence of caffeine is likely due to the absence of the caffeine synthase gene which converts theobromine into caffeine through an illegitimate recombination mechanism. These findings pave the way for further characterization of caffeine-free species in the Coffea genus and will guide research towards naturally-decaffeinated coffee drinks for consumers.

scholarly journals KD determination from time-resolved experiments on live cells with LigandTracer and reconciliation with end-point flow cytometry measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Spiegelberg ◽  
Jonas Stenberg ◽  
Pascale Richalet ◽  
Marc Vanhove
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
End Point ◽  
Titration Curves ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractDesign of next-generation therapeutics comes with new challenges and emulates technology and methods to meet them. Characterizing the binding of either natural ligands or therapeutic proteins to cell-surface receptors, for which relevant recombinant versions may not exist, represents one of these challenges. Here we report the characterization of the interaction of five different antibody therapeutics (Trastuzumab, Rituximab, Panitumumab, Pertuzumab, and Cetuximab) with their cognate target receptors using LigandTracer. The method offers the advantage of being performed on live cells, alleviating the need for a recombinant source of the receptor. Furthermore, time-resolved measurements, in addition to allowing the determination of the affinity of the studied drug to its target, give access to the binding kinetics thereby providing a full characterization of the system. In this study, we also compared time-resolved LigandTracer data with end-point KD determination from flow cytometry experiments and hypothesize that discrepancies between these two approaches, when they exist, generally come from flow cytometry titration curves being acquired prior to full equilibration of the system. Our data, however, show that knowledge of the kinetics of the interaction allows to reconcile the data obtained by flow cytometry and LigandTracer and demonstrate the complementarity of these two methods.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Empirical Characterization of Water as a Factor: Examples and Related Issues with the World Trade Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Ignacio Cazcarro ◽  
Albert E. Steenge
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Model ◽  
Selection Of

This article originates from the theoretical and empirical characterization of factors in the World Trade Model (WTM). It first illustrates the usefulness of this type of model for water research to address policy questions related to virtual water trade, water constraints and water scarcity. It also illustrates the importance of certain key decisions regarding the heterogeneity of water and its relation to the technologies being employed and the prices obtained. With regard to WTM, the global economic input–output model in which multiple technologies can produce a “homogeneous output”, it was recently shown that two different mechanisms should be distinguished by which multiple technologies can arise, i.e., from “technology-specific” or from “shared” factors, which implies a mechanism-specific set of prices, quantities and rents. We discuss and extend these characterizations, notably in relation to the real-world characterization of water as a factor (for which we use the terms technology specific, fully shared and “mixed”). We propose that the presence of these separate mechanisms results in the models being sensitive to relatively small variations in specific numerical values. To address this sensitivity, we suggest a specific role for specific (sub)models or key choices to counter unrealistic model outcomes. To support our proposal we present a selection of simulations for aggregated world regions, and show how key results concerning quantities, prices and rents can be subject to considerable change depending on the precise definitions of resource endowments and the technology-specificity of the factors. For instance, depending on the adopted water heterogeneity level, outcomes can vary from relatively low-cost solutions to higher cost ones and can even reach infeasibility. In the main model discussed here (WTM) factor prices are exogenous, which also contributes to the overall numerical sensitivity of the model. All this affects to a large extent our interpretation of the water challenges, which preferably need to be assessed in integrated frameworks, to account for the main socioeconomic variables, technologies and resources.

Polarized light-scattering profile-advanced characterization of nonspherical particles with scanning flow cytometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 79A (7) ◽  
pp. 570-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry I. Strokotov ◽  
Alexander E. Moskalensky ◽  
Vyacheslav M. Nekrasov ◽  
Valeri P. Maltsev
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Advanced Characterization ◽  
Nonspherical Particles

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun Polycaprolactone Blended with Chitosan-Gelatin Complex Nanofibrous Mats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongfang Qian ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Laijiu Zheng ◽  
Ruoyuan Song ◽  
Yuping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Nanofibrous Scaffolds ◽  
Two Peaks

Design and fabrication of nanofibrous scaffolds should mimic the native extracellular matrix. This study is aimed at investigating electrospinning of polycaprolactone (PCL) blended with chitosan-gelatin complex. The morphologies were observed from scanning electron microscope. As-spun blended mats had thinner fibers than pure PCL. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the degree of crystallinity. The intensity at two peaks at 2θof 21° and 23.5° gradually decreased with the percentage of chitosan-gelatin complex increasing. Moreover, incorporation of the complex could obviously improve the hydrophilicity of as-spun blended mats. Mechanical properties of as-spun nanofibrous mats were also tested. The elongation at break of fibrous mats increased with the PCL content increasing and the ultimate tensile strength varied with different weight ratios. The as-spun mats had higher tensile strength when the weight ratio of PCL to CS-Gel was 75/25 compared to pure PCL. Both as-spun PCL scaffolds and PCL/CS-Gel scaffolds supported the proliferation of porcine iliac endothelial cells, and PCL/CS-Gel had better cell viability than pure PCL. Therefore, electrospun PCL/Chitosan-gelatin nanofibrous mats with weight ratio of 75/25 have better hydrophilicity mechanical properties, and cell proliferation and thus would be a promising candidate for tissue engineering scaffolds.

Area Studies and Desire: Towards a Genealogy

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Hye-Joon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
Western Area ◽  
The World ◽  
38Th Parallel ◽  
The One

Area studies, as a newly fashionable field of academic research, needs to recognize its less likely precedents if it is going to secure for itself a fresh start. The question of “desire” is relevant here because it indicates the less value-free aspects in its genealogy. As shown in Emma Bovary's embellished representation of Paris at her provincial home, an understanding of an area often reflects the particular needs and desires of the one who understands that area. Such restricted and restricting views of an area repeats itself outside the world of literary fictions, as is shown by the example of Guizot's picture of Europe in which his own country is given a privileged place as the very center of Western civilization itself. An instructive case showing the thin line between the projected desire of one who strives to know a geographical area and the scientific purity of the labor itself is further offered by Napoleon Bonaparte's heavy reliance on Orientalist scholarship in his invasion of Egypt. Moving further east from Egypt to China, we witness the denigrating remarks on China made by the great German thinkers of the past century, Hegel and Weber. Although their characterization of Chinese culture could find echoes in unbiased empirical research, they reveal all the same the trace of Europeans' desire to affirm their superiority over the supposedly inferior and false civilization of the East. Similarly, the Americans who divided the Korean peninsular at the 38th Parallel, with unquestioning confidence in their knowledge of the area and in the justice of their action, rightfully deserve their place in the tradition of Western area studies of serving the needs to dominate, control and exploit an objectified overseas territory. He assumed that words had kept their meaning, that desires still pointed in a single direction, and that ideas retained their logic; and he ignored the fact that the world of speech and desires has known invasions, struggles, plundering, disguises, ploys. From these elements, however, genealogy retrieves an indispensable restraint: it must record the singularity of events outside of any monotonous finality; it must seek them in the most unpromising places, in what we tend to feel is without history—in sentiments, love, conscience, instincts; it must be sensitive to their recurrence, not in order to trace the gradual curve of their evolution, but to isolate the different scenes where they engaged in different roles. — Michel Foucault, “Nietzsche, Genealogy, History” (Foucault 139–40).

T2050 Immunophenotypic Characterization of the Cellular Infiltrate During Murine Experimental Colitis Using Multiparameter Flow Cytometry

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. S-621
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Zins ◽  
Tamas Ordog ◽  
Michael R. Bardsley ◽  
Gianrico Farrugia ◽  
Joseph H. Szurszewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Multiparameter Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cellular Infiltrate

scholarly journals A Karyological Study in Some Species of Coffea L. and in the Closest Relative Psilanthus travancorensis (Wight & Arn.) J.-F. Leroy

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neiva Izabel PIEROZZI ◽  
Thalita C. BORGHI ◽  
Maria Bernadete SILVAROLLA
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Secondary Constriction ◽  
Karyological Study ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Centromeric Position ◽  
Karyotype Formula ◽  
Orcein Staining ◽  
Nor Band ◽  
Chromosome Characterization

Chromosome characterization were carried out in Coffea kapakata A. Chev (Bridson), C. racemosa Lour., C. salvatrix Swynn. & Philipson and in Psilanthus travancorensis (Wight & Arn.) J.-F. Leroy (2n=22) by employing the conventional acetic orcein technique as well as by C- and NOR-banding aiming further comparative studies. Although C. canephora and C. dewevrei have already been studied and depict a C-band karyotype, they have also been included for further comparisons, since NOR-banding and some other morphometric data have not been obtained yet. However, there were observed some differences among the species regarding chromosomal morphometry. The karyotype formula obtained was 3m+6sm+2sms for C. salvatrix and P. travancorensis, 1M +2m + 6sm + 2sms for C. kapakata and 2M +1m + 6sm + 2sms for C. racemosa. All species displayed a moderate karyotype asymmetry and according to Stebbins system, C. canephora, C. dewevrei, C. kapakata and C. racemosa were classified as 3B while C. salvatrix and P. travancorensis were classified as 2A. Among the four indices used to assess karyotype asymmetry, Paszko AI index along with Stebbins were best suited to individualize the species. C-bands were preferentially situated at a pericentromeric/centromeric position. Two pairs of chromosomes, with secondary constriction and satellite segments, were observed in all the species following acetic orcein staining. C. racemosa and C. salvatrix showed NOR-band in both pairs, while only one chromosome pair carrying NOR-band was seen in C. canephora, C. dewevrei, C. kapakata and P. travancorensis. Data on chromosome morphometry, asymmetry indices and NOR-banding were suitable for the characterization of the species.

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