scholarly journals Evaluation of Weed Control and Phytotoxicity of Preemergence Herbicides Applied to Container-grown Herbaceous and Woody Plants

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
David Staats ◽  
James E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Common Lilac ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Abstract Six different preemergence herbicides were used with eight different plant species to evaluate weed control efficacy and possible phytotoxicity. The species used were Stachys byzantina C. Koch (lamb's ears), Campanula persicifolia L. (peachleaf bellflower), Achillea millefolium L. ‘Summer Pastel’ (common yarrow), Coreopsis lanceolata L. (Lance coreopsis), Gypsophila pacifica Kom. (baby's breath), Wisteria sinensis Sims (Chinese wisteria), Syringa vulgaris L. (common lilac), Phlox paniculata L. (perennial phlox), Dahlia Cav. x hybrida (garden dahlia). Herbicides were applied to the soil surface at rates of lx and 2x as recommended by the label. The herbicides and rates were as follows: Pennant (Dual) 7.8 Liquid, 4.6, 9.1 kg ai/ha (4, 8 lb ai/A); Gallery 75DF, 1.1, 2.3 kg ai/ha (1, 2 lb ai/A); Ronstar 2G, 4.5, 9.0 kg ai/ha (4, 8 lb ai/A); Rout 3G, 3.4, 6.8, 13.6 kg ai/ha (3, 6, 12 lb ai/A); Surflan AS, 2.3, 4.6 kg ai/ha (2, 4 lb ai/A); and Treflan 5G, 4.5, 9.0 kg ai/ha (4, 8 lbs ai/A). Weed seeds of Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. (yellow foxtail), Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. (barnyardgrass), Poa annua L. (annual bluegrass), Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (shepherdspurse), Senecio vulgaris L. (common groundsel), and Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed) were sown on the soil surface. Two control treatments (no herbicide and no weed seeds applied, or no herbicide but with weed seeds) also were evaluated. Plants were grown in #1 black plastic containers in a medium of clay loam soil, plaster sand and sphagnum peat (1:1:2 by vol). Weed counts at the end of the season indicated that weed control was variable according to the herbicide used. Rout and Ronstar at both the lx and 2x rates controlled over 99% of the weeds (compared to the control treatment with weeds). Weed control for the other herbicides were as follows: Surflan lx = 92%, Surflan 2x = 95%, Pennant lx = 93%, Pennant 2x = 98%, Gallery lx = 35%, Gallery 2x = 43%, Treflan 1x = 88%, and Treflan 2x = 96%. Evaluations also indicated that herbicides utilizing oryzalin resulted in phytoxicity or stunting to Phlox (appearance declined 88% at the 1x rate and 93% at the 2x rate compared to the control treatment), Gypsophila (dry weights for Surflan 1x was 27% less and Surflan 2x was 39% less compared to the control treatment), and Stachys (appearance declined 55% for 1x rate and 60% at the 2x rate). Gallery (isoxaben) resulted in stunting in Stachys (dry weights for Gallery 1x were 75% less compared to control plants and Gallery 2x was 80% less).

scholarly journals Weed Control and Phytotoxicity Following Preemergence Herbicide Applications to Container-grown Herbaceous Plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
James E. Klett ◽  
David Staats ◽  
Teri Howlett ◽  
Matthew Rogoyski
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Fort Collins ◽  
Setaria Glauca ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Abstract Effectiveness of five preemergence herbicides was determined for four container-grown ornamental crops. Herbicides tested were Barricade (prodiamine); BroadStar (flumioxazin); Gallery (isoxaben); Scotts Ornamental Weedgrass Control (Scotts OWC) (pendimethalin); and Treflan (trifluralin). Four herbaceous plant species were utilized in this trial, namely, Guizhou sage (Artemisia lactiflora Wall. (Guizhou group)); hopflower oregano (Origanum libanoticum Boiss.); Daghestan sage (Salvia daghestanica Sosn.); and skullcap (Scutellaria resinosa Torr.). The seven weed species evaluated in this trial were annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.); barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.); yellow foxtail grass (Setaria glauca L.); purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.); common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.); redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.); and annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.). Two controls, one with weeds and one without were also evaluated. The experiment was conducted in two locations: Fort Collins and Grand Junction, Colorado. Weed control levels varied across a range of herbicide treatments and ornamental species. Where differences among herbicides were observed, BroadStar and Treflan tended to be more effective than the other herbicides, while Gallery, Scotts OWC and Barricade, were less effective. Plants treated with Gallery often resulted in decreased dry weights; however, no visual phytotoxicity symptoms were observed with any herbicide treatments. Daghestan sage and skullcap were the crop species most adversely effected.

Weed Management in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Grown in Two Row Spacings

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Miller ◽  
Lyle M. Carter ◽  
Charles Carter
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Loam Soil

Tillage plus trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) and prometryn [2,4-bis (isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine] and tillage plus trifluralin and fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] applied as soil-incorporated preplanting treatments were compared with tillage alone in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) grown in 51-cm and 102-cm rows on fine sandy loam soil. Over 3 yr, cotton grown in 51-cm rows yielded 15% more than cotton grown in 102-cm rows. Final cotton emergence was not altered by weed-control treatment or by planting pattern. Weed-control treatments with herbicides provided essentially complete, season-long control of grass and broadleaf weeds. At cotton layby, more weeds were in no-herbicide plots with 51-cm rows compared with 102-cm rows, but at cotton harvest numbers of weeds in both row patterns were essentially equal.

Subsurface Application and Shallow Incorporation of Herbicides on Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Wiese ◽  
E. B. Hudspeth
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Loam Soil

In a 3-year study on four soil types, subsurface application just ahead of a planter with a device that removed the top from the bed, applied a band of spray, and covered the band with soil reduced weed control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) obtained with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron), 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methylmercapto-s-triazine (prometryne), 3-(hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylurea (norea), dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA), and 1,1-dimethyl-3(α,α,α,-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea (fluometuron) compared to applications on the soil surface. This machine improved weed control with α,α,α,-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin). Shallow incorporation, with two helical blades, after planting increased weed control with trifluralin, diuron, and DCPA by 10% or more over the surface applications. This incorporator increased weed control obtained with prometryne and norea 5%. Very shallow incorporation, with metal tines, after planting improved weed control obtained with trifluralin and DCPA 18 and 11%, respectively. Weed control with norea was increased 7%, but metal tines did not appreciably affect weed control obtained with prometryne, diuron, or fluometuron. Compared to surface applications, incorporation increased cotton injury with diuron, norea, prometryne, and fluometuron on sandy loam soil.

scholarly journals Response of Dianthus barbatus L. To Preemergence Herbicides

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Julie A. Jacobson ◽  
James E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Dianthus Barbatus ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Common Groundsel

Six different preemergence herbicides including one herbicide combination were applied to container-grown Dianthus barbatus L. (Sweet William) and evaluated for their effects on weed control, plant growth and phytotoxicity. Napropamide (Devrinol 10G), oryzalin (Surflan 40.4% AS), oxyfluorfen + oryzalin (Rout GS-3G), oxadiazon (Ronstar 2G), metolachlor (Dual 8EC), simazine (Princep 4G) and Dual and Princep were applied to container-grown Sweet William and studied for a growing season. Weed seeds sown were yellow foxtail, annual bluegrass, common groundsel, common chickweed, and creeping woodsorrel. Devrinol, Surflan, and Rout GS resulted in the best weed control without affecting the overall growth of Sweet Wiliam or resulting in any phytotoxicity at rates applied. Dual and Princep resulted in phytotoxicity at all rates applied on Sweet William to a degree that would make the plants unsalable.

scholarly journals Weed Control with Landscape Fabrics

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
Bonnie Lee Appleton
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Abstract Six polypropylene landscape fabrics were compared with black plastic and preemergence herbicides for weed control. Large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] shoots and roots and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) shoots penetrated all of the fabrics tested and developed into large plants. In greenhouse studies, black plastic plus mulch, and pennant (metolachlor) [2-chloro-N-(2ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] at 4.5 kg ai/ha (4.0 lb/A) plus mulch provided equal, or greater control of large crabgrass than the landscape fabrics. In the field study, more time was required to hand-weed landscape fabrics covered with mulch than uncovered fabrics. When covered with mulch, hand-weeding time and weed shoot fresh weights were similar for black plastic, surflan (oryzalin) [4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide] at 2.2 kg/ha (2.0 lb/A), and the landscape fabrics.

scholarly journals Influence of Winter Rye and Preemergence Herbicides on Weed Control in No-tillage Zucchini Squash Production

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alan Walters ◽  
Scott A. Nolte ◽  
Bryan G. Young
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Residue Biomass ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

The influence of `Elbon', `Maton', and `Wheeler' winter rye (Secale cereale) with or without herbicide treatments on weed control in no-tillage (NT) zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo) was determined. `Elbon' or `Maton' produced higher residue biomass, greater soil coverage, and higher weed control compared with `Wheeler'. Although winter rye alone did not provide sufficient weed control (generally <70%), it provided substantially greater redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) control (regardless of cultivar used) compared with no winter rye at both 28 and 56 days after transplanting (DAT). No effect (P > 0.05) of winter rye cultivar on early or total squash yield was detected. Although applying clomazone + ethalfluralin to winter rye residues improved redroot pigweed control compared with no herbicide, the level of control was generally not adequate (<85% control) by 56 DAT. Treatments that included halosulfuron provided greater control of redroot pigweed than clomazone + ethalfluralin, and redroot pigweed control from halosulfuron treatments was similar to the weed-free control. However, regardless of year or cover crop, any treatment with halosulfuron caused unacceptable injury to zucchini squash plants which lead to reduced squash yield (primarily early yields). Insignificant amounts of squash injury (<10% due to stunting) resulted from clomazone + ethalfluralin in no-tillage plots during either year. Treatments with clomazone + ethalfluralin had early and total yields that were similar to those of the weed-free control, although this herbicide combination provided less weed control compared with the weed-free control.

scholarly journals Weed Control and Phytotoxicity of Preemergence Herbicides Applied to Container-grown Herbaceous Plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Staats ◽  
David Hillock ◽  
James E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Five preemergence herbicides were applied to seven herbaceous perennials to evaluate weed control efficacy and phytotoxicity. Different species were used each year. The species used during 1992 were coneflower (Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. `Goldstrum'), common foxglove (Digitalis purpurea L. `Excelsior'), Shasta daisy (Leucanthemum ×superbum Bergmans `Alaska'), Stokes's aster (Stokesia laevis Greene `Blue Danube'), and avens (Geum Quellyon Sweet `Mrs. Bradshaw'). The species used in 1993 were woolly yarrow (Achillea tomentosa L.) and woolly thyme (Thymus pseudolanuginosus Ronn.). The herbicides and rates were napropamide (Devrinol 10G) at 4 and 8 lb a.i./acre; metolachlor (Pennant 5G) at 4 and 8 lb a.i./acre; oxyfluorfen+oryzalin (Rout 3G) at 3 and 12 lb a.i./acre; trifluralin (Treflan 5G) at 4 and 8 lb a.i./acre; and oxadiazon (Ronstar 2G) at 4 and 8 lb a.i./acre. Plants were grown in no. 1 containers and weed seeds were sown onto the substrate surface. Two control treatments, no herbicides but with weeds (weedy control), and no weeds or herbicides (weed-free control) also were evaluated. Weed control was effective and similar for all herbicides tested. Napropamide at 8 lb a.i./acre caused stunting in foxglove (20% to 45% less growth compared to weed-free control). Oxyfluorfen + oryzlain at 12 lb a.i./acre caused severe phytotoxicity (≈80% to 95% of plant injured) and stunted the growth (70% to 80% less growth, sometimes plant death) of woolly yarrow. Woolly thyme was stunted by all herbicides when applied at the recommended rates (42% to 97% less growth compared to control) except for oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen + oryzlain. Woolly thyme appeared to be more susceptible to phytotoxicity due to its less-vigorous growth habit and shallow, adventitious roots that were in contact with the herbicide.

scholarly journals Weed Control in Tomato through Mulching Approaches

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Zabihullah Rahmani ◽  
Shah Mahmoud Faqiri ◽  
Ahmad Jawid Muradi
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
And Control

The objective of this study is to evaluate effect of different types of mulches on weed control and yield of tomato in the farm of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation Department were conducted in the year 2019. The method for study is completely randomized block design with three replications and four treatments such as transparent plastic, black plastic, barley straw and control (without mulch). According to the study, the control treatment, black plastic mulches were a significant effect on the number of weeds and yield of tomatoes. The maximum yields were 48.05 (ton/ha) in black plastic and the minimum yields were 19 (ton/ha) in control mulch. The present work suggests that the application of different types of mulches can be an effective method to reduce the number of weeds in a tomato farm. The black plastic mulch is recommended due to increase in the yield of tomato and also an effective practice on controlling the weeds.

scholarly journals 014 Weed Control and Productivity of Field-grown Cut Flowers

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 443B-443
Author(s):  
E. Jay Holcomb ◽  
Tracey L. Harpster ◽  
Robert D. Berghage ◽  
Larry J. Kuhns
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Crop Plant ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

A set of studies was established in Summer 1998 to determine the tolerance of field-grown cut flower species to specific preemergence herbicides, the effectiveness of weed control by those materials, and to determine if productivity of cut flowers is affected either by the herbicides or by colored mulches. Pendimethalin provided excellent early season weed control, but poor late-season control. It consistently caused injury at 4 lb a.i./A and sometimes at the 2 lb a.i./A rate. Oryzalin provided good to excellent weed control, but slightly injured celosia and zinnia when applied at 4 lb a.i./A. Napropamide provided excellent early season weed control, but marginally acceptable weed control later in the season. Though napropamide caused some injury to celosia early in the season when applied at the high rate, no injury to any of the plants was observed later in the season. Prodiamine and trifluralin were the overall safest of the herbicides, but they provided the weakest weed control. OH-2 was very effective when placed on the soil surface, but was less effective when placed on an organic mulch. The organic mulch was designed to keep the OH-2 particles from splashing on to the crop plant and injuring the plants. OH-2 tended to be safer placed on a mulch than on the soil surface, but statice was slightly injured even when a mulch was used.

scholarly journals (187) Zucchini and Yellow Squash Variety Evaluation Results

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1030E-1031
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Infante-Casella ◽  
Mel Henninger
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Flying Saucer ◽  
Extension Center

Zucchini and straightneck yellow squash are important crops for vegetable farmers. Variety choices change from year to year, based on breeding programs that try to find disease tolerance or resistance by developing new lines. A study was conducted at the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Bridgeton, N.J., to determine yield and quality of 14 zucchini, 6 yellow squash, and 5 specialty squash varieties. Squash were seeded on 17 May 2004, at 30 inches between holes into black plastic mulch on high raised beds. Rows were spaced 60 inches apart. Drip irrigation was used for supplying water and fertigation. Prefar4E at a rate of 5 qt/acre applied on the soil surface just before laying plastic was used for preemergent weed control. Five days after planting, Sandea75WF at a rate of 1 oz/acre and Gramoxone Max 3SC at a rate of 1.5 pt/acre were applied with a backpack sprayer between the rows for added weed control. Admire was applied in the seed hole at a rate of 24 oz/acre after planting using a backpack sprayer for control of aphids and cucumber beetle. Harvests began on 22 June 2004, and were continued 3 times weekly for 5 weeks for a total of 15 harvests. Zucchini varieties `Revenue', `Cashflow', `Justice III', `Spineless Beauty', `Senator', `HMX-2724', and `EXT 04629728' had statistically higher yields than did `Radiant', `Wildcat', `Payroll', `HMX-2723', `Lynx', `Tigress', and `Independence II'. Varieties are listed in values from highest yielding to lowest yielding, respectively. All yellow squash varieties had statistically similar yield values. These included `General Patton', `Cougar', `Sunray', `XPT1832', `Goldbar', `Sunbar'. Specialty varieties evaluated included `Zephyr', `Starship', `Magda', `Flying Saucer', and `Costata Romanesco'

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