The study of the fatty acid composition of common lilac flowers of “Madame Lemoine” variety

An important place in human nutrition is occupied by omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids (FA). They have different effects on the human body and play a significant role in the appearance and the course of some diseases (for example, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, cancer, obesity, etc.). The aim. To study the qualitative composition and the quantitative content of fatty acids in Common Lilac (Syringa vulgaris) flowers of “Madame Lemoine” variety. Materials and methods. The fatty acid composition was studied by gas chromatography based on the formation of methyl esters of fatty acids and their subsequent determination. Results and discussion. The presence and the quantitative content of 15 fatty acids have been determined. Among them, 13 FA have been identified, namely 6 saturated fatty acids and 7 unsaturated fatty acids. The total amount of saturated fatty acids (54.65 %) significantly predominates over unsaturated fatty acids (34.81 %). Palmitic acid dominates among saturated FA (39.83 %). Linoleic acid has the highest percent among unsaturated FA (13.75 %). Conclusions. For the first time the composition of fatty acids in Common Lilac flowers of “Madame Lemoine” variety has been studied. The raw material accumulates saturated fatty acids in a significant number. Palmitic acid (C 16 : 0) – 39.83 % and linoleic acid (C 18 : 2) – 13.75 % are the dominant acids

Reconstruction and greening of general educational institutions

The problem of landscaping of schools today is quite acute, as greenery around educational institutions serve a functional purpose: sanitary - hygienic, protective, architectural – artistic, fire, recreational, educational. They reduce dust and air content of chemicals, noise levels, improve the microclimate of areas and premises, enrich the air with oxygen, phytoncides and light ions, soften the radiation and thermal regime, and have antibacterial properties. But, unfortunately, on the territory of most secondary schools green plantations were formed mostly spontaneously, which have now lost their purpose and need reconstruction, renovation, optimization taking into account the environmental conditions of the area around the school. Therefore, the project of reconstruction and landscaping of the secondary school №46 was just in time. The research was conducted during 2020–2021, as a result of which the climatic features, the current state of green areas of the educational institution were established, and also woody, bushy and flowering plants that are currently in satisfactory condition were identified, such as: ash-leaved maple (American) (Acer negundo L.), common lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.), scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), common rosehip (Rosa canina L.), european forsythia (Forsythia europaea Vahl.), yucca plant (Yucca filamentosa L.) and yellow daylily (Hemerocallis flava L.), privet (Ligustrum vulgare L.). However, their condition today remains unsatisfactory, so they need reconstruction and restoration, as well as sanitary pruning and topiary. Taking into account all factors, as well as taking into account the available range of plants for landscaping new school areas, and for the reconstruction of existing ones, we have identified, selected and recommended the following species range of plants: Hydrangea arborescens (Hydrangea arborescens L.), Thunberg's barberry (Berberis thunbergii L.), Vinca minor (Vinca major L.), Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.). Using just such a species composition and following the above recommendations, you can completely restore the green areas of the school, as well as create new, more modern forms of landscaping of secondary schools

Chemical Profile, Cytotoxic Activity and Oxidative Stress Reduction of Different Syringa vulgaris L. Extracts

Syringa vulgaris L. (common lilac) is one of the most popular ornamental species, but also a promising not comprehensively studied source of bioactive compounds with important therapeutic potential. Our study was designed to characterize the chemical composition and to assess the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of ethanolic extracts obtained from S. vulgaris L. flowers, leaves, bark, and fruit. The chemical profile of the ethanolic extracts was investigated using chromatographic (HPLC-DAD-ESI+, GC-MS) and spectral (UV-Vis, FT-IR) methods, while the protective effect against free radicals was evaluated in vitro by different chemical assays (DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC). The cytotoxic activity was tested on two tumoral cell lines, HeLa, B16F10, using the MTT assay. Significant amounts of free or glycosylated chemical components belonging to various therapeutically important structural classes, such as phenyl-propanoids (syringin, acteoside, echinacoside), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol derivatives) and secoiridoids (secologanoside, oleuropein, 10-hydroxy oleuropein, demethyloleuropein, syringalactone A, nuzhenide, lingstroside) were obtained for the flowers, leaves and bark extracts, respectively. Furthermore, MTT tests pointed out a significant cytotoxic potential expressed in a non-dose-dependent manner toward the tumoral lines. The performed methods underlined that S. vulgaris extracts, in particular belonging to flowers and leaves, represent valuable sources of compounds with antioxidant and antitumoral potential.

Perspectives of the advanced functional using of some ornamental bushy crops

The authors present the results of the collection’s formation of some ornamental shrubs, long-term phenological observations of them and the selection of the best forms and breeding hybrids in the Left-Bank Lisosteppe of Ukraine. In particular, the characteristic of the vegetation of 20 varieties of common lilac collection is given. The estimation of the terms and duration of the crop flowering enable to divide its varieties into groups of early, average and late flowering. The high decorative value of most of the strains has been described as well as their resistance to low temperatures and pests. The additional analysis of the latest literature data has shown the significant yield of aromatic substances in the common lilac plant, with the predominance of alkanes and lilac alcohol. The results have been presented of 70 rose cultivars of adaptation to the growing zone conditions. There are 20 promise varieties of the crop, which are characterized by high decorative value, resistance to pathogens and low temperatures and duration of flowering. The characteristics of the new variety of roses of the floribunda group – Olexandra has been given created by the authors. Along side with the high decorative value, different types of the rose plant provide the significant yield of aromatic substances with the domination of alkanes, monoterpenes and 2-phenylethanol. The analysis of the literature data also has shown the presence of aromatic substances in the jasmine and mock-orange plants. The first is characterized with esters based on benzene, cis-jasmon and isophytol, the second – with some sesquiterpenes and epi-13-manol. The further research included the phenological evaluation of the of white cedar and juniper collection. The best selected forms were characterized with decorativeness, resistance to frost, pests and pathogens. The literature data have shown, that the aromatic complex of the crops cultures includes mainly monoterpenes and their derivatives – alcohols and ketones. As a result, it was concluded that it is necessary to expand research with ornamental bushy crops in the direction of evaluating of their aromatic properties.

Comparative introduction study of Syringa vulgaris L. cultivars in the conditions of a moderately continental, continental and conditionally subtropical climate of the Mediterranean type

The article presents the results of a comparative introduction study and cultivar evaluation of 7 of common lilac cultivars in the collections of three botanical gardens (the Nikita Botanical Gardens, the Central Siberian Botanical Garden and the Donetsk Botanical Garden) located in zones with conditionally subtropical, temperate continental and continental climate. It is established that the cultivars retain their decorative features in the conditions of introduction and show ecological plasticity, increasing their growing season with an increase in the vegetation period, as well as reducing the area of the leaf blade with a decrease in the average annual precipitation.

Sowing Green Seed Without Stratification Does Not Shorten Juvenility or Increase Plant Size in Common Lilac (Syringa vulgaris)

Common lilac is an important flowering shrub that accounts for ≈$20 million of sales in the U.S. nursery industry. Cultivar improvement in common lilac has been ongoing for centuries, yet little research has focused on shortening the multiple-year juvenility period for lilacs and the subsequent time required between breeding cycles. The practice of direct-sowing of immature “green” seed has been shown to reduce juvenility in some woody plants, but it has not been reported for common lilac. This study investigated the effects of seed maturity [weeks after pollination (WAP)], pregermination seed treatment (direct-sown vs. cold-stratified), and postgermination seedling chilling on the germination percentage, subsequent plant growth, and time to flower on lilac seedlings. All seedlings were derived from the female parent ‘Ludwig Spaeth’ and the male parent ‘Angel White’. Seeds harvested at 15 and 20 WAP resulted in 58% (sd ± 9.9%) and 80% (sd ± 9.0%) germination, respectively, which were similar to that of dry seed collected at 20 WAP with stratification (62% ± 4.2%). Seedlings from the green seed collected at 15 and 20 WAP were also approximately three-times taller than those of dry seed groups DS1, DS2, and DS3 after the first growing season. Over the next two growing seasons, there were no differences in seedling height across all treatments. Flowering occurred at the beginning of the fourth season and without differences among treatments. These results indicate that the collection and direct sowing of immature, green seed can be used to successfully grow lilac seedlings, but that they do not reduce the juvenility period. However, this method can provide more vegetative growth in year one to observe early vegetative traits such as leaf color, and it can provide more material for DNA extraction to support molecular research.

New microsatellite marker tools for genotype identification and analyses of genetic relationships in two ornamentals, the popular common lilac (Syringa vulgaris) and the invasive garden escapee Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera)

ABSTRACTNowadays, high-throughput sequencing technologies are widely available. Yet, it is practical to have an access to simpler and cheaper, yet effective low-throughput analyses as well. For that purpose, species-specific microsatellites, also called simple sequence repeats (SSR), are valuable, multi-purpose types of markers. In the present study, we introduce new sets of SSR markers for two ornamental plant species, the popular common lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) (16 markers) and the invasive garden escapee Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera Royle) (259 markers). The markers were developed as a by-product of a genotyping-by-sequencing project producing a large amount of DNA sequence data. Both the frequency of SSRs and the success rate for marker development were considerably greater in I. glandulifera when compared to S. vulgaris. The new markers will contribute to the characterization of germplasm and to other types of genetic analyses on these two species.

Biotechnological basis for application of growth regulators for rooting of green cuttings of trees and shrubs in a greenhouse with a misting system

This article presents data on the rooting of green cuttings of the studied species of ornamental trees and shrubs in a greenhouse with a misting system. We accounted the number of days from planting to the root formation and the number of rooted cuttings for each replication during our performance. We studied the influence of root formation stimulants on the rooting rate of various types of ornamental deciduous, flowering and coniferous plants. The effect of application of root formation stimulants is confirmed by the formation of a high-quality root system that is superior in length to those that were vegetated without “Kornevin”. However, the use of root formation stimulants is not advisable on shrubby cinquefoil, common privet and common lilac “Mademoiselle Casimir Perier”, because there is practically no increase in the rooting rate of cuttings in these plant species, compared to the control plants.