scholarly journals Propagation of Anemone x hybrida by Root Cuttings

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques B. Dubois ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Barry Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Constant Ratio ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Regeneration Time ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution ◽  
Shoot Emergence

Abstract Stock plants of Anemone x hybrida Paxton ‘Honorine Jobert’ and ‘Richard Ahrens’ were grown in 3.8 liter (#1) containers for 30 weeks beginning in April, and fertilized daily with a complete nutrient solution providing 10, 40, 80 or 150 mg/liter (ppm) nitrogen (N), in a constant ratio of 1 ammonium: 2 nitrate. At the end of 30 weeks (November), 4-cm-long root cuttings were harvested from the stock plants and treated with the potassium salt of indolebutyric acid (K-IBA) at 0, 100, 500 or 1000 mg/liter (ppm), then placed in cell packs containing a pine bark-based substrate, one cutting per cell. The containers were arranged under intermittent mist in a heated greenhouse. Overall, 91% of the cuttings regenerated a complete plant. There were cultivar differences in regeneration, and the highest K-IBA concentration was inhibitory to ‘Honorine Jobert’. Nitrogen nutrition of the stock plants, K-IBA treatment of the root cuttings, and fresh weight of the root cuttings, had no significant effect on percent regeneration. Time to shoot emergence was reduced by higher rates of N applied to the stock plants, and increased at the highest concentration of K-IBA in ‘Honorine Jobert’, but not in ‘Richard Ahrens’. Dry weights of the regenerated plants increased with increasing weight of the cuttings from which they originated. They were related linearly to rate of N applied to the stock plants in ‘Honorine Jobert’, and quadratically in ‘Richard Ahrens’, with maximum plantlet weight predicted at 114 mg/liter (ppm) N. At the observed optimal rate of N applied to the stock plants, dry weights of the regenerated plants increased with increasing K-IBA concentration, in a quadratic manner. Maximum plantlet weight is predicted at 459 mg/liter (ppm) K-IBA in ‘Honorine Jobert’, and at 425 mg/liter (ppm) in ‘Richard Ahrens’.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Nutrition of Containerized Anemone x hybrida

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques B. Dubois ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Constant Ratio ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Single Crown ◽  
Top Dry Weight ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution ◽  
Propagation Material

Abstract Uniform single crown plantlets of Anemone x hybrida Paxton ‘Margarete’ were grown in 3.8-liter (#1) containers filled with a substrate of composted pine bark:sand (8:1 by vol). Plants were fertilized three times weekly for 15 weeks with a complete nutrient solution at nitrogen application rates (NARs) of 10, 40, 80, 150 or 300 mg/liter (ppm) nitrogen (N), in a constant ratio of 1 ammonium:2 nitrate. All other nutrients were held constant. Leaf area, top dry weight, and root dry weight increased with increasing NAR until reaching a plateau at a NAR of 144 ± 21 mg/liter (ppm), 158 ± 28 mg/liter (ppm), and 119 ± 30 mg/liter (ppm), respectively. The proportion of fine roots to thick roots was unaffected, and production of propagation material (root cuttings) reached a plateau at a NAR of 108 ± 28 mg/liter (ppm). Leaf concentrations of N, P, and K at maximum leaf area were 4.7%, 0.5%, and 3.5%, respectively.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Inula germanica L. from the Seedlings Explants

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina TREJGELL ◽  
Monika KAMIŃSKA ◽  
Karolina LISOWSKA ◽  
Andrzej TRETYN
Keyword(s):  
Solid Medium ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
First Year ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Regenerated Plants

This is the first communication of micropropagation system for Inula germanica using seedling explants germinated in vitro. The development of this system gives the possibility of future reintroduction of I. germanica providing a way to stabilize or re-establish its population. Shoot tips and fragments of cotyledons, hypocotyls and roots were isolated from ten-day-old seedlings. Explants were put on MS medium containing 1.0 mg l-1 benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg l-1 naphthaleneacetic acid and cultured under continuous white fluorescent light (45 μmol.m-2.s-1) at 26 ± 1 °C. The highest percentage of shoot organogenesis (83.3%) was recorded for hypocotyl, while the highest average number of shoots per explant (12.0) was recorded for shoot tips. In subsequent subcultures, multiplication rate decreased to 3.0-4.9 shoots per explant. Less than 19% shoots were able to root on the solid medium without auxins. The highest rooting efficiency (69.3%) was recorded for solid medium supplemented with indolebutyric acid, but growth of roots was inhibited. The percentage of rooted shoots (62.2%) and number of roots per shoot (2.4 per shoot) into the liquid medium were comparable to medium with 0.1 mg·l-1 indolebutyric acid. showing a positive impact on the process of acclimatization. The regenerated plants were able to flowering in the first year after acclimatization. Developed micropropagation system for I. germanica is efficient and can be a useful tool for the active protection of this species.

scholarly journals THE KINETICS OF PENETRATION

1933 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. V. Osterhout
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Constant Ratio ◽  
Ionic Activity ◽  
Activity Product ◽  
Exponential Decrease ◽  
Monomolecular Reactions ◽  
Aqueous Layer ◽  
Kinetics Of

An organic potassium salt, KG, passes from an aqueous phase, A, through a non-aqueous layer, B, into a watery solution, C. In C it reacts with CO2 to form KHCO3. The ionic activity product (K) (G) in C is thus kept at such a low level that KG continues to diffuse into C after the concentration of potassium becomes greater in C than in A. Hence potassium accumulates in C, the osmotic pressure rises, and water goes in. A steady state is eventually reached in which potassium and water enter C in a constant ratio. The rate of entrance of potassium (with no water penetrating into C) may fall off in a manner approximately exponential. But water enters and may produce an exponential decrease in concentration. This suggests that the kinetics may be treated like that of two consecutive monomolecular reactions. Calculations made on this basis agree very well with the observed values. The rate of penetration appears to be proportional to the concentration gradient of KG in the non-aqueous layer and in consequence depends upon the partition coefficients which determine this gradient. Exchange of ions (passing as such through the non-aqueous layer) does not seem to play an important rôle in the entrance of potassium. The kinetics of the model may be similar to that of living cells.

scholarly journals 201 Growth and Flowering of Zephyra elegans D. Don Grown in Greenhouse or Growth Chamber

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 476F-476
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Hye Kim ◽  
Kiyoshi Ohkawa
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
New Product ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Growth Cycles ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Flowering Control ◽  
Shoot Emergence

As a new product in the floricultural market, Zephyra elegans D. Don, shows great potential. It is a new product, so there is little known about its physiology. In this study, the growth cycles and the effects of day/night temperatures on flowering control of this new product were investigated. Stems elongated gradually during the growing season but more slowly after flowering. Original corm fresh weight decreased with increasing daughter corm fresh weight. Druing the growing season, the original corm dies after producing usually one daughter corm. The high ambient temperature of summer adversely effected shoot emergence. The optimum day/night temperature regimes for shoot emergence was 15/10 °C and for growth and flowering it was 20/15 °C. Under these conditions, it is possible to produce Zephyra elegans D. Don year-round.

scholarly journals Influence of Indolebutyric Acid Potassium Salt on Propagation of Semi-hardwood Stem Cuttings of Bougainvillea

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 983D-983
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Cerveny ◽  
James L. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Napthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Primary And Lateral Roots

Bougainvillea glabra is a tropical species with reportedly difficulty to propagate. Previous research has shown the importance of talc-based rooting hormones when propagating Bougainvillea, yet little has been published on the efficacy of liquid-based formulations. Therefore, our objective was to determine the optimum concentration of indolebutyric acid potassium salt (KIBA) needed to effectively root semi-hardwood stem cuttings of Bougainvillea `California Gold' and `Helen Johnson'. Sub-terminal cuttings measuring 6.5 cm were harvested from stock plants of Bougainvillea on 3-week intervals from 6 June to 8 Aug. and repeated 6 Sept. to 8 Nov. 2005. Cuttings were dipped 0.5 cm in a solution of 0, 1500, 3000, or 6000 mg·L-1 KIBA or in a 1500-mg·L-1 solution containing indolebutyric acid (IBA) 1%: napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 0.5% and propagated under mist. Cuttings were evaluated for percent survival, rooting quality (1 = poor; 5 = best), and number of primary and lateral roots 5 weeks after planting (WAP). Differences in `California Gold' for percent survival, average rank, and number of roots were determined not significant at P ≤ 0.05. However, application of rooting hormone to `Helen Johnson' increased rooting quality, number of primary roots, and number of lateral roots by up to 24%, 53%, and 50%, respectively. Results indicated rooting performance was generally improved with application of KIBA; therefore, cuttings of Bougainvillea may benefit from a 1500-mg·L-1 solution. KIBA was also found to be as effective as the industry standard liquid formulation. Growers will have to consider the availability and cost of KIBA when propagating Bougainvillea.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PHYSIOCHEMICAL FACTORS ON REGENERATION OF CYMBOPOGON POLYNEUROS STAPF VIA CALLUS CULTURE AND SUBSEQUENT CHROMOSOMAL STABILITY

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
Anath Bandhu Das
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
The Individual

In vitro regeneration of Cymbopogon polyneuros Stapf was obtained through callus culture using leaf base, node, and root as explants. Callus was induced from different explants with 2–5 mg/1 α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 1–2 mg/1 kinetin in Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium. High frequency shoots were noticed from leaf-base callus supplemented with 3.5 mg/1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), L-arginine, adenine, and a low level of NAA (0.2 mg/1). About 80–85 shoot buds were obtained from ca. 200 mg of callus per culture. The individual shoots produced root in the presence of 0.5–3 mg/1 indole 3-butyric acid or its potassium salt. Regenerated plants were cytologically and phenotypically stable. Regenerants were transplanted into soil and subsequently transferred to the field.

SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING AND NITROGEN NUTRITION EFFECTS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF FOREVER YOURS ROSES

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. ARMITAGE ◽  
M. J. TSUJITA
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Flower Yield ◽  
Keeping Quality

Supplemental lighting and nitrogen nutrition affected growth, flowering, flower yield, foliar nitrogen content, and flower keeping quality of Rosa hybrida ’Forever Yours.’ Light treatments consisted of ambient light and ambient light supplemented with high pressure sodium lamps at intensities of 105 and 158 μEm−2 sec−1 18 h/day (7.4 and 10.8 klx). Three nitrogen levels, 100, 200, and 400 ppm, were applied with each irrigation. Supplementary light of 105 μEm−2 sec−1 increased yield, stem length, fresh weight, and stem grade but caused decreased foliar N and keeping quality. Lighting at 158 μEm−2 sec−1 increased flower yield, but decreased days to flowering, stem length, fresh weight, foliar N, keeping quality, and stem grade. Nitrogen levels of 100 and 200 ppm were insufficient to maintain foliar N content at optimum levels in lighted roses, but 200 ppm N resulted in better keeping quality compared with 100. Nitrogen alone, however, had little effect on yield and quality. Increasing the nitrogen level to 400 ppm resulted in higher foliar N content in the lighted treatments but failed to have a significant effect on the yield or quality of roses.

scholarly journals Vegetative Propagation of Oconee Azalea (Rhododendron flammeum) by Stem Cuttings and Mound Layering

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Jeff R. Jones ◽  
Anthony V. LeBude ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Large Root ◽  
Nursery Crops

Abstract Deciduous azaleas (Rhododendron L.) offer a range of desirable ornamental characteristics and can be valuable nursery crops. Availability in the nursery trade, however, can be limited by the lack of effective propagation protocols. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to develop and optimize vegetative propagation protocols for Oconee azalea, Rhododendron flammeum (Michx.) Sarg., utilizing stem cuttings or in-field mound layering. An optimal method for producing rooted stem cuttings with large root systems (> 20 cm2) was to collect softwood stem cuttings from hedged stock plants followed by treatment with 10,000 ppm of the potassium salt (K-salt) of indolebutyric acid (K-IBA). Mound layering was also effective. Fifty percent of the stems on each mound resulted in rooted layers and approximately six layers were produced per mound regardless of mounding season (March or June), with or without wounding, or application of 5000 ppm K-IBA to stems prior to mounding in June. Both softwood cuttings and mound layering can be utilized to produce high quality plants.

scholarly journals Propagation of Heptacodium jasminoides Airy-Shaw by Softwood and Semi-hardwood Cuttings

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin Chin Lee ◽  
T.E. Bilderback
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Salt Formulation ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Softwood and semi-hardwood two node cuttings of Heptacodium jasminoides from basal and middle stem sections rooted better than terminal sections. Basal and middle softwood cuttings exhibited greater rooting (65 and 55% resp.) than terminal cuttings (42%). Basal softwood cuttings produced more roots (7.0) than terminal cuttings (3.8). Root length and rootball diameter were not different among the three cutting positions. Semi-hardwood basal cuttings produced an average of 53.5 roots, while middle and terminal cuttings produced 25.8 and 19.7, resp. Cuttings treated with the potassium salt formulation of indolebutyric acid (K-IBA) exhibited increased rooting, greater root number and length, and greater rootball diameter in softwood cuttings. Semi-hardwood cuttings treated with K-IBA rooted in higher percentages and produced more roots than untreated cuttings.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Nutrition of Containerized Thuja x ‘Green Giant’

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Jason J. Griffin ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
N Application ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution

Abstract Rooted stem cuttings of ‘Green Giant’ arborvitae (Thuja L. x ‘Green Giant’) were grown in 3.8 liter (#1) plastic containers containing a pine bark: sand (8:1 by vol) substrate. Plants were fertilized three times weekly for 15 weeks with a complete nutrient solution at N application rates (NARs) of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, or 320 mg/liter (ppm) supplied as ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). Both shoot and root dry weights were significantly affected by NAR. Maximum shoot weight, as predicted by a quadratic plateau model, was reached at a NAR of approximately 100 mg/liter (ppm), representing a 200% increase over controls [0 mg/liter (ppm) N]. Maximum and minimum root dry weights occurred at 0 mg/liter (ppm) N and approximately 50 mg/liter (ppm) N, respectively, representing a 37% decrease. Root length decreased 36% at a NAR of approximately 50 mg/liter (ppm). Root diameter (root area ÷ root length) increased before reaching a plateau at approximately 130 mg/liter (ppm) N indicating that root length decreased faster than root area at low N concentrations. Shoot concentrations of N, P, Mg, and S were maximized at approximately 71,41,48, and 52 mg/liter (ppm) N, respectively. Uptake of K and Ca were unaffected by N concentrations.

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