scholarly journals Factors Influencing Revenues of the Landscape and Lawn Care Companies

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
S. K. Anil ◽  
W. J. Florkowski ◽  
J. E. Epperson ◽  
G. Landry
Keyword(s):  
Labor Cost ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Lawn Care ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Net Revenue ◽  
Revenue Models ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of key factors influencing the landscape maintenance and lawn care industry (LM/LC) sales or gross revenue as well as partial net revenue (gross revenue less labor cost). A single-equation framework was applied for the estimation of gross and partial net revenue models. Analysis showed a positive influence of labor cost on gross revenue. In comparison to individually owned firms, corporations can expect larger revenue increases. Companies with extended business experience (measured by the number of years in operation) could expect not only greater gross revenue but also greater partial net revenue. The level of education of supervisory personnel was specifically important for partial net revenue. Offers of price discounts for services enhanced gross revenue but not partial net revenue. Price discounting may help in the management of labor and cash flow in the short run, but the LM/LC company must recover overhead costs to stay in business. Population density continues to play a major role in improving the revenues of LM/LC companies.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study on the Key Factors of Intelligent Upgrade of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengxin Wang ◽  
Minghuan Shou ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Ruinan Dai ◽  
Keqian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Labor Cost ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Policy Environment ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
New Type ◽  
Made In China ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Major Industry ◽  
Made In

Promoting the intelligent upgrades of small and medium-sized enterprises is one of the important tasks of implementing “Made in China 2025” in China. As a front runner of nation-level reform, Zhejiang Province has provided much room for innovation and development, along with the emergence of a new type of ecology, accelerated formation of two ecosystems and international cooperation, and a supportive policy environment. Therefore, this paper uses 173 Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) from Zhejiang Province as the research objects, builds a binary selection model, and analyzes the dynamic and constraining mechanism of intelligent upgrades of SMEs with regard to employee qualification, technology, capital, policy environment, and so on. The study finds that: First, among three main industries, manufacturing is the major industry for the intelligent upgrades of SMEs and there are significant demonstration effects and industry heterogeneity. Secondly, the willingness to upgrade intelligently for SMEs is relatively strong. More than half of SMEs that have not intelligently upgraded show willingness to implement intelligent upgrades. Thirdly, factors such as corporate profitability, human capital quality, and industry intelligence level have significantly promoted the intelligent upgrades of SMEs, while the impact of labor cost, capital structure, government subsidies, and other variables are not significant. This conclusion still works after a number of robustness tests. Last but not least, based on the above conclusions, this paper proposes corresponding policy recommendations which are practically beneficial to the development of SMEs in China.

Impact of Share Splits on Stock Returns: Evidences from India

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-441
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Pandow ◽  
Khurshid Ahmad Butt
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
The Impact

This article empirically examines the impact of stock splits on the price movements and returns of the scrips listed on the stock market in India. The study makes use of the standard event study methodology to measure the significance of unusual yield associated with the event. To calculate the returns, the study employs market model. Also, it uses parametric tests, such as t-statistic, and non-parametric test, such as Corrado Rank Test, Generalized Rank Test and Sign Test, to check the significance and robustness of abnormal return (AR), average AR, and cumulative average AR. Indisputably, the results are somewhat different from the evidences found in developed markets. Mostly in these countries, the event witnesses unusual optimistic yields. The results suggest that there is a positive AR adjacent to the effective day (ED) of the event in the short run. However, in the long run, negative ARs in the post-effective to ED+90 days window is witnessed. Further, the analysis also suggests that share splits do not have a positive influence on the share capital of the investors. The results are based on the 10-days event and 90-days estimation window and are the main limitation of the study. Hence, the windows can be both expanded and reduced to have a better holistic impact analysis of the share splits and stock returns of the selected firms.

The economic determinants of Chinese foreign direct investment in Egypt

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany M Elshamy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) by Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs) over the period 1985-2011. Design/methodology/approach – This paper estimates a single equation model which uses long-run co-integration analysis and short-run analysis (error correction mechanism). This paper depends on annual data collected from the World Bank and the General Authority for Investment & Free zones Information & Decision Support Division for the period 1985-2011. Findings – This paper found a conventional result for market size. The author infers from the significant role played by Egyptian natural resource endowments that the institutional environment has strongly shaped Chinese FDI, leading to significant natural resources-seeking FDI. The author also finds that policy liberalisation in China has had a positive influence in stimulating Chinese FDI in Egypt. Originality/value – Despite this model being used to estimate the determinants of FDI by Chinese MNEs in several countries, this is the first time it is being used in Egypt using a time-series analysis. Moreover, this model which has been used in this paper uses both long-run and short-run analyses.

Do Community Engagement And Fairness Matter In Local Acceptance Of Wind Turbines In Tunisia?

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Community Acceptance ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Local Acceptance ◽  
The Impact

Environmental concern is considered as a significant interest for companies, government and communities. These stakeholders are conscious about the energy situation but this consciousness is not always reflected in actions of acceptance. Accordingly, this research paper sheds light on the impact of the main key factors influencing the community acceptance of wind energy projects in Tunisia. An extensive literature review about community acceptance, community engagement, fairness and perceived risks is presented. Based on previous studies, authors identify the relationships between these variables. A quantitative approach is used to test the hypotheses using responses from a sample of 265 survey respondents in Tunisia. The research results and implications are discussed. Recommendations to be considered by interest stakeholders are drawn.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF STANDARD VALUE ADDED TAX ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CEE-5 COUNTRIES: ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND SIMULATIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela SIMIONESCU ◽  
Lucian-Liviu ALBU
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Panel Vector Autoregression

The value added tax (VAT), as an instrument of fiscal policy, might have an important role on economic growth. This study analyzes the impact of standard VAT rate on economic growth in five Central and Eastern European countries (CEE-5) (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania). Different types of panel data models (random effect model, dynamic panel and panel vector-autoregression) over 1995–2015 indicated a positive influence of VAT rate on economic growth. There is a bilateral Granger causality between economic growth and VAT rate. The Bayesian linear models indicate a positive effect of VAT rate on GDP rate only for Hungary. On short-run, the other countries register lower GDP rates when VAT rates increase. Some simulations of economic growth for 2016 and 2018 were made for each CEE-5 country under different assumptions regarding VAT rate values.

scholarly journals Impact of Lawn-care Firm Characteristics on Pesticide Expenditures

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1084-1086
Author(s):  
W.J. Florkowski ◽  
E.E. Hubbard ◽  
G.W. Landry ◽  
T.R. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Lawn Care ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Statistical Relationships ◽  
Commercial Landscape ◽  
The Impact

Using three types of pesticides is related to selected lawn-care firm characteristics. The data were collected through a survey of 95 randomly selected firms, which yielded 68 usable questionnaires. From that number, 50 firms specializing in lawn-care services other than mowing were selected. Statistical relationships were formulated using herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide expenditures as dependent variables. In estimated relationships, the impact of variables significantly different from zero (i.e., firm's gross revenue, number of commercial customers serviced, annual labor cost, and size of the treated commercial landscape) was in the same direction but differed in magnitude. In general, commercial account additions and firm size (measured by gross revenue) increased pesticide expenditures. Pesticide expenditures decreased, however, as the labor cost and the size of the treated commercial landscape increased. The firm's perception of pesticide regulations had no impact in the specified relationships.

scholarly journals A Faster Kind of Photojournalism?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (s2) ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Interview Study ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Visual Expertise ◽  
Interactive Process ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
News Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Editorial Processing ◽  
Lower Image Quality

AbstractThis article examines factors influencing the editorial processing of photographs, the impact of photojournalistic practices on those processes as well as perceptions of images. Perspectives on visual gatekeeping and the news value of photographs were applied to a newsroom and interview study with a specific focus on photographs for the main news section of a Swedish newspaper. Findings identified routines, publication formats and resources as key factors, with some challenges posed by mobile publication formats and a focus on routine news. Photo editors were found to have a key function asserting expertise in a shared and interactive process. Yet changing routines and a reduced visual expertise on weekends were found to result in some lower image quality. While the ‘observed moment’ appeared to remain a photojournalistic ideal among visual gatekeepers, there were divergent perceptions found of the current and future functions of the news photograph.

Computer Language: Impact on Information Systems Development

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Peter Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Systems Development ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Information Systems Development ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Computer Language ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Software Developers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Generation Computer ◽  
The Impact

The impact of a particular computer language on the process of developing an information system is not well understood. This paper explores the issues through interviews with 16 software developers who changed, or considered changing, from a third to a fourth generation computer language. The conclusion is that there can be considerable costs in hardware, inflexibility and project planning errors incurred by changing to a fourth generation language. The benefits are unlikely to compensate for the costs of changing languages. The key factors influencing the productivity of software developers emerged as social, not technical.

The relationship between LNG price, LNG revenue, non-LNG revenue and government spending in China: An empirical analysis based on the ARDL and SVAR model

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110536
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Hao
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Svar Model ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Tax Hypothesis ◽  
The Impact

The present paper examines the dynamic relationship between liquefied natural gas (LNG) price, LNG revenue, non-LNG revenue and government spending (GOVS) in China using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and structural vector auto-regressive (SVAR) model. The goal of carrying out ARDL and SVAR together is to consolidate and strengthen the consistency of the results obtained from both approaches. ARDL results show that a positive influence relationship between both short-run and long-run LNG prices, LNG revenue, non-LNG revenue and GOVS, but there was no significant relationship between LNG price and GOVS. The SVAR also substantiates the results of ARDL test and provides further insight which shows that long-run fiscal synchronization hypothesis is evidenced between the LNG revenue and GOVS, while spend-tax hypothesis exists in the long-run between GOVS and non-LNG revenue. It is also evidenced that there is a complementary relationship between LNG revenue and non-LNG revenue, but this complementary role is stronger than the substitution role. Since non-LNG revenue has a greater impact on GOVS in the short-run, and the impact of LNG prices and LNG revenue on GOVS in the long-run increases over time, thus, GOVS mitigates the direct impact of non-LNG revenue to some extent, and that an appropriate allocation of spending in the non-LNG industry will have a positive impact on the development of the market economy supporting the Keynesian and spend-tax hypothesis.

scholarly journals Exploring the Impact of Airlines Service Quality on Customer Loyalty: Evidence from Taiwan

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Mei Chen ◽  
Hsian-Ming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Structure Equation Modeling ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper tries to explore what are the key factors to influence customers to choose an airline. The research assesses the service quality, brand image, perceived value and customer loyalty on Taiwan-based airlines. The study analyzes the data by applying structure equation modeling (SEM) from valid 560 questionnaires surveyed in the airports. To validate the measurement model, this study checks scale reliability, overall model fit, and validity using the CFA technology. Moreover, the two major indicators including convergence validity and discriminate validity were employed to assess scale validity. Many prior studies had proved that brand image has a positive influence on perceived value, this study had validated that perceived value has also a positive influence on brand image. The brand image assists in the relation between service quality and loyalty, and perceived value strengthens their relationship. Furthermore, brand image and perceived value mediate the effect of service quality on customer loyalty to display a distal effect. The strategic implications for the effects of service quality lead to repurchase intention and loyalty inclination, which are contributed to both scholarly advancement of knowledge and the state of managerial practice.

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