scholarly journals Fertilizer Placement and Herbicide Rate Affect Weed Control and Crop Growth in Containers

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
James E. Altland ◽  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
Kathy Von Arx
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Euonymus Fortunei ◽  
Common Groundsel

Abstract Three experiments were conducted in Oregon and Mississippi to evaluate the effect of fertilizer placement and rate of herbicide application on weed control and crop growth. In Expt. 1, Osmocote 18N–2.6P–10.0K (18–6–12) controlled release fertilizer (CRF) was applied at 12 g (0.4 oz) per container (#1) either topdressed, incorporated, or dibbled (placed under the liner prior to potting); and OH2 (pendimethalin + oxyfluorfen) was applied at 0, 28, 56, or 112 kg/ha (0, 25, 50, or 100 lbs/A). Containers were overseeded with common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris). In Expt. 2, Osmocote 17N–3.0P–10.1K (17–7–12) CRF was applied at 18 g (0.6 oz) per container using the same placement methods as Expt. 1; and Rout (oryzalin + oxyfluorfen) was applied at 0, 28, 56, or 112 kg/ha (0, 25, 50, or 100 lbs/A). A hand-weeded check was also included, and containers were overseeded with prostrate spurge (Chamaesyce prostrata). In Expt. 3, containers were fertilized with either 12 g (0.4 oz) of Apex 20N–4.3P–8.4K (20–10–10) CRF or 14 g (0.5 oz) of Apex 17N–2.2P–9.2K (17–5–11) CRF using similar fertilizer placement methods; and Snapshot 2.5TG (isoxaben + trifluralin) was applied at 0, 84, or 168 kg/ha (0, 75, or 150 lb/A). Containers were overseeded with creeping woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata). Weed control improved with increasing herbicide rate. Across the three experiments, dibbling CRFs with no herbicide resulted in 85 to 97% weed control, while topdressing resulted in 19 to 85% and incorporating resulted in 55 to 88% control. With herbicides, dibbling fertilizer resulted in 89 to 99% weed control while topdressing resulted in 82 to 90% and incorporating 81 to 98%. Dibbling fertilizer resulted in greater shoot growth (growth index) of azalea (Rhododendron ‘Stewartsonian’), holly (Ilex crenata ‘Compacta’), lavender (Lavandula × intermedia ‘Grosso’), and wintercreeper euonymus (Euonymus fortunei ‘Emerald Gaiety’). In Expt. 3, incorporating CRFs resulted in higher root ratings than dibbling in lavender and euonymus. Though measurable differences in root and shoot growth were observed in all experiments, differences were economically unimportant.

scholarly journals Pretransplant Application of Goal (Oxyfluorfen) for Weed Control in Container-grown Nursery Crops

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Buxus Microphylla ◽  
Nursery Crops ◽  
Common Groundsel

Abstract No injury was observed to ‘Hershey Red’, ‘Pleasant White’ and ‘Scarlet Rose’ azalea (Rhododendron obtusum Planch.) ‘Prince of Wales’ juniper (Juniperus horizontalis Moench), ‘Helleri’ holly (Ilex crenata Thunb.) or ‘Green beauty’ boxwood (Buxus microphylla Siebold & Zucc.) following pretransplant applications of Goal (oxyfluorfen) at rates ranging from 0.6 to 4.5 kg ai/ha (0.5 to 4.0 lb/A). Acceptable control of common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) (less than one weed per pot) lasted approximately 1 month at 0.6 kg/ha (0.5 lb/A), 2 to 3 months at 1.1 kg/ha (1.0 lb/A), 3 to 4 months at 2.2 kg/ha (2.0 lb/A) and 4 months at 4.5 kg/ha (4.0 lb/A) with sprayed applications of Goal. Sprayed applications of Goal at 1.1 kg/ha (1.0 lb/A) gave equivalent weed control to a post-transplant application of Ornamental Herbicide 2, a granular formulation containing 2% oxyfluorfen and 1% pendimethalin, at 3.3 kg ai/ha (3.0 lb ai/A).

scholarly journals Effects of Short Interval Cyclic Flooding on Growth and Survival of Three Native Shrubs

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie L. Dylewski ◽  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
Kenneth M. Tilt ◽  
Charlene LeBleu
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Calcined Clay ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Substrate Level ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Native Shrubs

The effect of short interval cyclic flooding on root and shoot growth of ‘Shamrock’ inkberry holly (Ilex glabra), ‘Henry's Garnet’ sweetspire (Itea virginica), and ‘Winterthur’ possumhaw (Viburnum nudum) was studied in a greenhouse in Auburn, AL. Liners (4.4 inches long) of each species were planted into trade 1-gal pots in 1 pine bark:1 peat by volume (PB:P) or fine textured calcined clay (CC). ‘Shamrock’ inkberry holly and ‘Henry's Garnet’ sweetspire were planted 18 Apr. 2008; the experiment was repeated with the addition of ‘Winterthur’ possumhaw on 16 June 2008. Plants were flooded to substrate level for 0 (non-flooded), 3, or 7 days. Flooding cycles were repeated at least five times with 7 days of draining between each flood cycle. During draining, plants received no irrigation. Non-flooded plants were watered as needed. Flooded plants for all species except ‘Winterthur’ possumhaw showed decreased root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and final growth index when compared with non-flooded plants. Survival was higher in CC than PB:P for both experiments. All plants maintained good visual quality and shoot growth. As a result, overall, these plants seemed tolerant of flooding despite differences in growth.

scholarly journals STATUS OF HERBICIDE RESISTANCE IN WEEDS AND THE WAYS TO MITIGATE IT FROM GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Sovit Parajuli ◽  
Aayush Raj Dhakal ◽  
Sandip Paudel ◽  
Sudip Regmi ◽  
Om Prakash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
The World ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Common Groundsel

Survivability of a few plants with natural resistance after herbicide application and their reproduction followed by herbicide application on each successive generation results in herbicide resistance and this phenomenon is rampant in present day agricultural fields. The study design is thus, focused on the overall status of herbicide resistance weeds and their distribution, mechanism of herbicide resistance in weed biotypes and the practices that are adopted and need to be adopted in order to curb the resistance development mechanism. The first herbicide resistance evidence was identified in triazine resistant to common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris). However, herbicide resistance was reported against 2,4-D from Hawaii as early as 1957. Currently, 512 unique cases (species×site of action) of herbicide resistant weeds with 262 species are on light globally. Herbicide-resistant weeds have been reported in 70 countries across 92 crops, with 619 scientists from around the world contributing new cases of exposure.Wheat is the crop with the highest evidence of herbicide resistant weeds, followed by maize and rice. The sharp increase in resistant weeds from the 1980s to 2020 directs the trend as a “growing peril” on agriculture that must be addressed timely and prudently.

scholarly journals Weed Control in Newly Planted Azaleas

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Beste ◽  
J. Ray Frank
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Common Groundsel

Goal (oxyfluorfen) [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] or Ronstar (oxadiazon) [2-tert-butyl-4(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] each at 2.2 kg ai/ha (2.0 lb/A) controlled 87% and 70% of the summer annual weeds in newly planted liners of ‘Hershey Red’ azaleas (Rhododendron obtusum Planck) when applied at planting in June 1980 and reapplied in March 1981. Ronstar at 4.5 kg/ha (4.0 lb/A) controlled 80% or more of Pennsylvania bittercress (Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl.), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata L.), common yellow woodsorrel (Oxalis stricta L.), and common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.). Devrinol (napropamide) [2-(a-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide] applied at 4.5 or 9.0 kg/ha (4.0 or 8.0 lb/A) was the only effective treatment for controlling common chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo] (81%). Goal at 2.2 kg/ha (2.0 lb/A) and Devrinol at 9.0 kg/ha (8.0 lb/A) were the most effective treatments for controlling large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.]. No significant differences were observed in size of the azaleas after two years.

Isolation and identification of IAA producing endosymbiotic bacteria from Gracillaria corticata (J. Agardh)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5179
Author(s):  
Ilahi Shaik* ◽  
P. Janakiram ◽  
Sujatha L. ◽  
Sushma Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Indole acetic acid is a natural phytohormone which influence the root and shoot growth of the plants. Six (GM1-GM6) endosymbiotic bacteria are isolated from Gracilaria corticata and screened for the production of IAA out of six, three bacterial strains GM3, GM5 and GM6 produced significant amount of IAA 102.4 µg/ml 89.40 µg/ml 109.43 µg/ml respectively. Presence of IAA in culture filtrate of the above strains is further analyzed and confirmed by TLC. As these bacterial strains, able to tolerate the high salinity these can be effectively used as PGR to increase the crop yield in saline soils.

scholarly journals Integrating Economics in the Critical Period for Weed Control Concept in Corn

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Keller ◽  
Geoffroy Gantoli ◽  
Jens Möhring ◽  
Christoph Gutjahr ◽  
Roland Gerhards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Crop Growth Stages

The effect of weed interference on corn yield and the critical period for weed control (CPWC) were determined in Germany and Benin. Treatments with weed control starting at different crop growth stages and continuously kept weed-free until harvest represented the “weed-infested interval.” Treatments that were kept weed-free from sowing until different crop growth stages represented the “weed-free interval.” Michaelis–Menten, Gompertz, logistic and log–logistic models were employed to model the weed interference on yield. Cross-validation revealed that the log–logistic model fitted the weed-infested interval data equally well as the logistic and slightly better than the Gompertz model fitted the weed-free interval. For Benin, economic calculations considered yield revenue and cost increase due to mechanical weeding operations. Weeding once at the ten-leaf stage of corn resulted already profitable in three out of four cases. One additional weeding operation may optimize and assure profit. Economic calculations for Germany determined a CPWC starting earlier than the four-leaf stage, challenging the decade-long propagated CPWC for corn. Differences between Germany and Benin are probably due to the higher yields and high costs in Germany. This study provides a straightforward method to implement economic data in the determination of the CPWC for chemical and nonchemical weed control strategies.

Effect of sand grain shape on root and shoot growth of wheat seedlings

Geoderma ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lipiec ◽  
A. Siczek ◽  
A. Sochan ◽  
A. Bieganowski
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Circadian regulation of grapevine root and shoot growth and their modulation by photoperiod and temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kare P. Mahmud ◽  
Bruno P. Holzapfel ◽  
Yann Guisard ◽  
Jason P. Smith ◽  
Sharon Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Circadian Regulation ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

scholarly journals Silicon reduces aluminum content in tissues and ameliorates its toxic effects on potato plant growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athos Odin Severo Dorneles ◽  
Aline Soares Pereira ◽  
Liana Verônica Rossato ◽  
Gessieli Possebom ◽  
Victória Martini Sasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Element ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Aluminum Content ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Tolerant Genotype

ABSTRACT: Aluminum (Al) is highly toxic to plants, causing stress and inhibiting growth and silicon (Si) is considered beneficial for plants. This chemical element has a high affinity with Al. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Si to mitigate the toxic effects of Al on potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) plants and assess whether this behavior is different among genotypes with differing degrees of sensitivity to Al. Potato plants of the genotypes SMIJ319-7 (Al-sensitive) and SMIF212-3 (Al-tolerant) were grown for fourteen days in nutrient solution (without P and pH 4.5±0.1) under exposure to combinations of Al (0 and 1.85mM) and Si (0, 0.5 and 1.0mM). After this period, shoot and roots of the two genotypes were collected to determine Al content in tissues and assess morphological parameters of root and shoot growth. Roots of both genotypes accumulated more Al than shoots and the Al-tolerant genotype accumulated more Al than the sensitive one, both in roots and in shoot. Furthermore, the presence of 0.5 and 1.0mM Si together with Al reduced the Al content in shoot in both genotypes and in roots of the Al-tolerant genotype, respectively. Si ameliorated the toxic effects of Al with regard to number of root branches and leaf number in both potato genotypes. Si has the potential to mitigate the toxic effects of Al in potato plants regardless of Al sensitivity.

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