Silicon reduces aluminum content in tissues and ameliorates its toxic effects on potato plant growth

ABSTRACT: Aluminum (Al) is highly toxic to plants, causing stress and inhibiting growth and silicon (Si) is considered beneficial for plants. This chemical element has a high affinity with Al. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Si to mitigate the toxic effects of Al on potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) plants and assess whether this behavior is different among genotypes with differing degrees of sensitivity to Al. Potato plants of the genotypes SMIJ319-7 (Al-sensitive) and SMIF212-3 (Al-tolerant) were grown for fourteen days in nutrient solution (without P and pH 4.5±0.1) under exposure to combinations of Al (0 and 1.85mM) and Si (0, 0.5 and 1.0mM). After this period, shoot and roots of the two genotypes were collected to determine Al content in tissues and assess morphological parameters of root and shoot growth. Roots of both genotypes accumulated more Al than shoots and the Al-tolerant genotype accumulated more Al than the sensitive one, both in roots and in shoot. Furthermore, the presence of 0.5 and 1.0mM Si together with Al reduced the Al content in shoot in both genotypes and in roots of the Al-tolerant genotype, respectively. Si ameliorated the toxic effects of Al with regard to number of root branches and leaf number in both potato genotypes. Si has the potential to mitigate the toxic effects of Al in potato plants regardless of Al sensitivity.

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The use of 19F in Medicine in Poland and in the World

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac126.85618572 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 8561-8572

Keyword(s):

Chemical Element ◽

Chemical Activity ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Large Impact ◽

High Chemical ◽

High Affinity ◽

The World ◽

Living Organisms ◽

Very High ◽

High Chemical Activity

Fluorine is a chemical element belonging to the group of halogens. Due to its many properties, it has been used in various fields of medicine, mainly in dentistry, pharmacology, oncology, and radiology. It is an element that occurs naturally in the environment with a very high chemical activity. In addition, it has a high affinity for calcium or magnesium [1], which may have a large impact on the body's functioning when a higher dose of fluoride is taken. Moreover, fluorine is an element that has toxic effects, not only on living organisms but also on the environment. Fluoride-based preparations are widely used in several areas of medicine. This paper presents the use of fluoride in its various branches of medicine.

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Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro (Toxicity Test of several Biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) in Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) by In Vitro)

JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ◽

10.35799/jbl.9.2.2019.24416 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Ghea Dotulong ◽

Stella Umboh ◽

Johanis Pelealu

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

In Vitro Toxicity ◽

Potato Plants ◽

Colony Diameter ◽

In Vitro Toxicity Test

Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro (Toxicity Test of several Biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) in Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) by In Vitro) Ghea Dotulong1*), Stella Umboh1), Johanis Pelealu1), 1) Program Studi Biologi, FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi: [email protected] Diterima 9 Juli 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasi 10 Agustus 2019 Abstrak Tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) adalah salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang sering mengalami penurunan dari segi produksi dan produktivitasnya, akibat adanya serangan penyakit layu yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi toksisitas beberapa fungisida nabati dalam mengendalikan penyakit Layu Fusarium (F. oxysporum) pada tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode umpan beracun. Data dianalisis dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan Analisis Varian (ANAVA) yang dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan metode BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Hasil Penelitian, diperoleh nilai toksisitas fungisida nabati tertinggi yaitu pada ekstrak daun sirsak dengan nilai HR (69,44%), kategori berpengaruh, ditandai dengan diameter koloni 2,75 cm (100ppm) dan yang terendah toksisitasnya yaitu pada ekstrak daun jeruk purut dengan nilai HR (49,81%), kategori cukup berpengaruh ditandai dengan diameter koloni 3,75 cm (25ppm). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang diujikan maka semakin tinggi toksisitas dari fungisida nabati yang diberikan.Kata Kunci: fungisida nabati, Fusarium oxysporum, tanaman kentang, In Vitro Abstract Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the horticulture plants which often decreases in terms of production and productivity, due to the attack of wilt, one of which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of several biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (F. oxysporum) in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Vitro. The research method used was the In Vitro method with the poison bait method. Data were analyzed by Completely Randomized Design with Variant Analysis (ANAVA), followed by the BNT method. The results showed that the highest biofungicide toxicity value was soursop leaf extract with HR values (69.44%), influential categories, characterized by colony diameter 2.75 cm (100ppm) and the lowest toxicity, namely in kaffir lime leaf extract with a value of HR (49.81%), quite influential category was characterized by colony diameter of 3.75 cm (25ppm). The higher the concentration tested, the higher the toxicity of the biofungicide given.Keywords: biofungicides, Fusarium oxysporum, Potato Plants, In Vitro.

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Isolation and identification of IAA producing endosymbiotic bacteria from Gracillaria corticata (J. Agardh)

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2016.12.0012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 5179

Author(s):

Ilahi Shaik* ◽

P. Janakiram ◽

Sujatha L. ◽

Sushma Chandra

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Culture Filtrate ◽

Indole Acetic Acid ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

High Salinity ◽

Saline Soils ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽

Root And Shoot Growth

Indole acetic acid is a natural phytohormone which influence the root and shoot growth of the plants. Six (GM1-GM6) endosymbiotic bacteria are isolated from Gracilaria corticata and screened for the production of IAA out of six, three bacterial strains GM3, GM5 and GM6 produced significant amount of IAA 102.4 µg/ml 89.40 µg/ml 109.43 µg/ml respectively. Presence of IAA in culture filtrate of the above strains is further analyzed and confirmed by TLC. As these bacterial strains, able to tolerate the high salinity these can be effectively used as PGR to increase the crop yield in saline soils.

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The Influence of Aluminum Content on Oxidation Resistance of New-Generation ODS Alloy at 1200 °C

Metals ◽

10.3390/met10111478 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1478 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luděk Stratil ◽

Vít Horník ◽

Petr Dymáček ◽

Pavla Roupcová ◽

Jiří Svoboda

Keyword(s):

Oxidation Resistance ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Aluminum Content ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽

Oxide Dispersion Strengthened ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Al Content ◽

Α Al2o3 ◽

New Generation ◽

Ods Alloy

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the effect of aluminum content on the oxidation resistance of new-generation of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy at 1200 °C. Three grades of the alloy of chemical composition Fe-15Cr-xAl-4Y2O3 with different Al contents x = 0.3 wt.%, 2.0 wt.% and 5.5 wt.% are prepared by mechanical alloying. The alloys are consolidated by high temperature rolling followed by heat treatment. To study the oxidation resistance the samples are isothermally aged in the air for 1 h, 4 h, 16 h and 64 h at 1200 °C. The oxidation kinetics, composition and formation mechanism of the oxide layers are analyzed. The weight gain of prepared steels is estimated. The kinetics of oxidation is studied on metallographic cross-sections of the exposed samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis. The oxides on the surfaces are identified by X‑ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The Al content significantly enhances the oxidation resistance of the alloy. For a sufficiently high Al content in the alloy a compact oxide layer of α‑Al2O3 on the surface is formed, which significantly suppresses further oxidation process.

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The influence of plant growth regulators on root and shoot growth of containerized trees following root removal

The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.1080/14620316.1998.11510985 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 353-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G. Percival ◽

J. Gerritsen

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Root And Shoot Growth

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Effect of sand grain shape on root and shoot growth of wheat seedlings

Geoderma ◽

10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.10.022 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 265 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. Lipiec ◽

A. Siczek ◽

A. Sochan ◽

A. Bieganowski

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Grain Shape ◽

Wheat Seedlings ◽

Root And Shoot Growth

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Circadian regulation of grapevine root and shoot growth and their modulation by photoperiod and temperature

Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1016/j.jplph.2018.01.006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 222 ◽

pp. 86-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kare P. Mahmud ◽

Bruno P. Holzapfel ◽

Yann Guisard ◽

Jason P. Smith ◽

Sharon Nielsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Circadian Regulation ◽

Root And Shoot Growth

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Genotypic differences in root and shoot growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under different salinity levels

Hereditas ◽

10.1111/j.1601-5223.2010.02133.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 147 (3) ◽

pp. 114-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H. Bchini ◽

M. Ben Naceur ◽

R. Sayar ◽

H. Khemira ◽

L. Ben Kaab-Bettaeïb

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Genotypic Differences ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Salinity Levels

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Response of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) to plant density and phosphorus fertilizer under dryland conditions

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600035930 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 119-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I. P. S. Ahlawat ◽

C. S. Saraf

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Plant Density ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Phosphate Fertilizer ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽

Total N ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Plant Densities

SUMMARYField studies were made for 2 years on a sandy loam soil under dryland conditions of north-west India with three pigeon-pea varieties in relation to plant density and the application of phosphate fertilizer. Varieties Pusa Ageti and P4785 with better developed root system and profuse nodulation had higher grain and stalk yield, and higher N and P yield than Prabhat. Root and shoot growth and root nodulation were adversely affected with increasing plant densities in the range 50 × 103 and 150 × 103 plants/ha. Stalk and total N and P yield increased with increasing plant density. Plant density of 117 × 103 plants/ha produced maximum grain yield of 1·53 t/ha. Phosphorus fertilizer promoted root and shoot growth, intensity and volume of nodulation and increased grain, stalk, N and P yield. The effect of plant density on grain yield was more pronounced in the presence of phosphate fertilizer. The economic optimum rate of P ranged between 22·1 and 23·1 kg/ha under different plant densities.

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