scholarly journals Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae as a Curative Application for Black Vine Weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) Infesting Container-Grown Nursery Crops

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denny J. Bruck
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Speed Of Kill ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
Black Vine Weevil ◽  
Nursery Crops ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The black vine weevil (BVW), Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) is a serious pest of nursery crops. The fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (F52), is registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for BVW control. The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of a curative drench application of M. anisopliae for controlling BVW larval infestations in container-grown nursery plants and the effect of temperature on the rate of fungal growth and speed of kill. Trials evaluating the efficacy of M. anisopliae as a curative application were performed in the spring of 2004 and 2005 as well as the fall of 2006. Laboratory studies were performed to quantify the impact of temperature (10, 15, 20, 24 and 28C) on fungal growth and speed of kill. Metarhizium anisopliae applied in the greenhouse and outdoors in 2004 were 92 and 30% effective, respectively. Fungal applications to container-grown plant material maintained outdoors in the spring of 2005 were nearly 100% effective 28 days after application. Fall applications in 2006 provided statistically significant reductions in the number of live BVW larve per pot, but were not as effective as spring applications in 2005. The mean media temperature of containers maintained outdoors in the fall of 2006 dropped considerably (10–12C) over the course of the experiment and were likely the cause for the reduced efficacy. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that temperatures below 20C (68F) significantly slowed fungal growth and the speed at which M. anisopliae infected BVW larvae. In the field, drench applications of M. anisopliae were very effective at eliminating BVW larvae in container-grown nursery plants when media temperatures were adequate (> 15C (59F)). The use of M. anisopliae as a curative drench application has similar temperature-dependent limitations as the use of entomopathogenic nematodes for BVW control. Therefore, applications should occur as early in the fall as possible once egg laying has ended or in late spring just prior to pupation when media temperatures would be most conducive to fungal infection.

scholarly journals Effect of Potting Media Components on the Infectivity of Metarhizium anisopliae against the Black Vine Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denny J. Bruck
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
Larval Infection ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Media Component ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Black Vine Weevil

Abstract The black vine weevil (BVW), Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) is a serious pest of nursery crops, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. The fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (F52), has recently been registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for BVW control. The objective of this study was to determine the persistence of M. anisopliae in five common soilless potting media components (coir, fir bark, hemlock bark, peat moss and perlite), which was measured as pathogenicity against BVW larvae. Fungal granules (½ lb/yd3) were incorporated with each media component at potting and fungal persistence determined for 133 days. Experiments were performed with and without plants to determine if the presence of a plant impacted fungal persistence. Overall, the fungus persisted well in all of the potting media components tested up to 133 days post application. Persistence was somewhat lower in the first experiment, likely due to fluctuating media moisture. In the second experiment, with more stable media moisture levels, the percentage of larval infection did not drop below 88% in any media at 133 days post application. It is likely that M. anisopliae will persist well and provide high levels of BVW larval control in most of the commercial potting media used in containerized nursery production, particularly those comprised primarily of the media components tested in these studies.

scholarly journals Acoustic Detection of Black Vine Weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larval Infestations in Nursery Containers

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
R. W. Mankin ◽  
J. R. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Acoustic Detection ◽  
Acoustic System ◽  
High Likelihood ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
Black Vine Weevil ◽  
Nursery Crops

Abstract Acoustic detection systems have been developed to locate and target hidden infestations of root weevil larvae in container-grown nursery crops. Tests were conducted in laboratory and field environments with natural and artificial infestations of Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius) in containers with different nursery plants to determine whether the larvae were large enough for acoustic detection during late fall when scouting for infestation often occurs at commercial nurseries in Oregon. The rootballs of tested plants were examined to verify the presence or absence of larvae. All of the containers rated at high likelihood of infestation contained O. sulcatus larvae (29% of those tested). No larvae were found in any containers rated at low likelihood of infestation (20%). Sporadic sounds were detected but failed to exhibit periodicity suggestive of infestation in 51% of the containers (rated at medium likelihood). Fifty seven percent of these medium-rated containers were infested. Experience with the use of the acoustic system in field environments suggested improvements in user-friendliness and robustness that could improve its utility for early detection and targeting applications in commercial nurseries.

Black Vine Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Performance in Container- and Field-Grown Hosts

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Reding
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Small Field ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
Black Vine Weevil ◽  
Nursery Crops ◽  
Field Plots

The black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus F.) feeds on a variety of plant species and is a serious pest of ornamental nursery crops. The larval stage has a more restricted diet than the adult stage, but the larvae are more damaging because they feed on roots and often stunt or kill their hosts. Performance and establishment of larvae in various container- and field-grown nursery crops were examined. In trials on containerized plants, adult black vine weevil were caged with various combinations of known larval hosts. In these trials, most larvae were found in Sedum and Heuchera versus Astilbe, redbud, and Taxus. Larvae collected from Sedum weighed significantly more than those from Heuchera or Taxus. In one field trial, adult black vine weevils were released, and establishment of larvae among potential hosts was examined. In this trial, Sedum was a better host than hemlock or Rudbeckia. Based on the numbers of larvae found in the different plant species, Sedum was the best host for larvae. Another field trial examined the influence of mulch on the occurrence of larvae. The presence of mulch around small field-grown Taxus plants did not increase the numbers of larvae compared with bare soil. The presence of aged pine bark or Taxus needle mulches did not influence the occurrence of black vine weevils in field plots of young Taxus. Data from monitoring adults suggest they either emigrated from these plots within several weeks of emergence, although suitable hosts were present, or there was high mortality.

Practical Guide to Determine the Impact of Radon and Other Radionuclides on Water Treatment Processes

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1255-1264
Author(s):  
K. L. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Packed Tower ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Radioactivity Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Removal

During treatment of groundwater, radon is often coincidentally removed by processes typically used to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs)-for example, processes such as liquid-phase granular activated carbon (LGAC) adsorption and air stripping with vapor-phase carbon (VGAC). The removal of radon from drinking water is a positive benefit for the water user; however, the accumulation of radon on activated carbon may cause radiologic hazards for the water treatment plant operators and the spent carbon may be considered a low-level radioactive waste. To date, most literature on radon removal by water treatment processes was based on bench- or residential-scale systems. This paper addresses the impact of radon on municipal and industrial-scale applications. Available data have been used todevelop graphical methods of estimating the radioactivity exposure rates to facility operators and determine the fate of spent carbon. This paper will allow the reader to determine the potential for impact of radon on the system design and operation as follows.Estimate the percent removal of radon from water by LGAC adsorbers and packed tower air strippers. Also, a method to estimate the percent removal of radon by VGAC used for air stripper off-gas will be provided.Estimate if your local radon levels are such that the safety guidelines, suggested by USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), of 25 mR/yr (0.1 mR/day) for radioactivity exposure may or may not be exceeded.Estimate the disposal requirements of the waste carbon for LGAC systems and VGAC for air stripper “Off-Gas” systems. Options for dealing with high radon levels are presented.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature, CO2 and O2 on motility and mobility of Anisakidae larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiyan Guan ◽  
Inge Van Damme ◽  
Frank Devlieghere ◽  
Sarah Gabriël
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

AbstractAnisakidae, marine nematodes, are underrecognized fish-borne zoonotic parasites. Studies on factors that could trigger parasites to actively migrate out of the fish are very limited. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of different environmental conditions (temperature, CO2 and O2) on larval motility (in situ movement) and mobility (migration) in vitro. Larvae were collected by candling or enzymatic digestion from infected fish, identified morphologically and confirmed molecularly. Individual larvae were transferred to a semi-solid Phosphate Buffered Saline agar, and subjected to different temperatures (6 ℃, 12 ℃, 22 ℃, 37 ℃) at air conditions. Moreover, different combinations of CO2 and O2 with N2 as filler were tested, at both 6 °C and 12 °C. Video recordings of larvae were translated into scores for larval motility and mobility. Results showed that temperature had significant influence on larval movements, with the highest motility and mobility observed at 22 ℃ for Anisakis spp. larvae and 37 ℃ for Pseudoterranova spp. larvae. During the first 10 min, the median migration of Anisakis spp. larvae was 10 cm at 22 ℃, and the median migration of Pseudoterranova spp. larvae was 3 cm at 37 ℃. Larval mobility was not significantly different under the different CO2 or O2 conditions at 6 °C and 12 ℃. It was concluded that temperature significantly facilitated larval movement with the optimum temperature being different for Anisakis spp. and Pseudoterranova spp., while CO2 and O2 did not on the short term. This should be further validated in parasite-infected/spiked fish fillets.

scholarly journals Effect of extreme cold temperatures on quasi-static indentation and impact behavior of woven carbon fiber epoxy composite sandwich panels with nomex honeycomb core

2021 ◽  
pp. 109963622199387
Author(s):  
Mathilde Jean-St-Laurent ◽  
Marie-Laure Dano ◽  
Marie-Josée Potvin
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Composite Sandwich Panels ◽  
Composite Sandwich ◽  
Static Indentation ◽  
Nomex Honeycomb ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
The Impact

The effect of extreme cold temperatures on the quasi-static indentation and the low velocity impact behavior of woven carbon/epoxy composite sandwich panels with Nomex honeycomb core was investigated. Impact tests were performed at room temperature, –70°C, and –150°C. Two sizes of hemispherical impactor were used combined to three different impactor masses. All the impact tests were performed at the same initial impact velocity. The effect of temperature on the impact behavior is investigated by studying the load history, load-displacement curves and transmitted energy as a function of time curves. Impact damage induced at various temperatures was studied using different non-destructive and destructive techniques. Globally, more damages are induced with impact temperature decreasing. The results also show that the effect of temperature on the impact behavior is function of the impactor size.

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