scholarly journals Effects of Three Herbicides on the Foliage of Kurume Azaleas

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
J. Ray Frank ◽  
Charles R. Krause ◽  
C. Edward Beste
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Foliar Damage ◽  
Scanning Electron

A single foliar spray of Fusilade 2000 (fluazifop-butyl) [( ± )-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid] or PP005 (fluazifop-p-butyl) [butyl (R)-2[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoate] at 0.50 or 1.0 kg/ha (0.45 or 0.89 lb/A) caused extensive foliar damage and reduced growth of ‘Hinocrimson’ azaleas but not ‘Hershey Red.’ Poast (sethoxydim) [2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-ethylthio)-propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-l-one] at 1 kg/ha (0.89 lb/A) or less did not injure ‘Hinocrimson’ or ‘Hershey Red’ azaleas. Scanning electron microscopy observations and photographs of the upper leaf surface of the untreated control plants of both azalea varieties revealed that the epidermal cells were uniformly turgid and covered with smooth epicuticular wax. The leaf epidermal cells of ‘Hinocrimson’ azalea treated with Fusilade 2000 or PP005 at rates of 0.25 kg/ha (0.22 lb/A) or more were flaccid, the epicuticular wax was damaged, and the stomatal configurations were altered to produce cells with an ovoid pointed appearance. When ‘Hinocrimson’ foliage treated with Fusilade 2000 or PP005 was examined with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), a potassium (K) peak which was over 3 times higher than that of the untreated control plants was observed. No increase in potassium peak size was observed following EDX analysis with any ‘Hershey Red’ foliage samples.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and anatomy of three Symphytum (Boraginaceae) taxa from Turkey

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oznur Ergen Akcin ◽  
Hilal Baki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Micromorphology And Anatomy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Symphytum asperum Lepechin, S. ibericum Steven and S. sylvaticum Boiss. were examined morphologically, micromorphologically and anatomically. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine leaf surface and trichomes of these species. These species had bifacial and hypostomatous leaf types. Epidermal cells of leaves were usually polygonal or irregular in form. The pattern of anticlinical cells may vary in different species and between the upper and lower epidermis of the same species. Stomata are anisocytic and anomocytic in three species. Stomata index is 27.5 for S. sylvaticum, 24.65 for S. ibericum and 21.86 for S. asperum glandular trichomes are capitate in forms and more dense on the lower epidermis than upper epidermis. Eglandular trichomes are simple, short or long, unicellular or multicellular and thin or thick. Key words: Micromorphology, Anatomy, Symphytum DOI = 10.3329/bjb.v36i2.1496 Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(2): 93-103, 2007 (December)   

Alterations of Leaf Epicuticular Wax of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) by Applications of Herbicides and Adjuvants1

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Baysinger ◽  
H. A. Melouk ◽  
D. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Amorphous Layer ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Leaf Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Leaf surface morphology of untreated peanut leaves and peanut leaves treated with herbicides and adjuvants were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Electron micrographs revealed that the adaxial surface of untreated peanut leaves was covered with crystalline wax platelets above an amorphous layer of wax. Electron micrographs revealed that peanut leaves treated with acifluorfen plus nonionic surfactant, bentazon and lactofen with crop oil concentrate, and 2,4-DB, altered the leaf surface morphology when compared to nontreated peanut leaves. Alterations in the leaf epicuticular wax structures appeared amorphous-like rather than normal plate-like structures. Nonionic surfactant and crop oil concentrate applied alone to peanut leaves altered the epicuticular wax structures similarly to that of herbicides plus adjuvants.

Prevention of EPTC—Induced Epicuticular Wax Aggregation on Corn (Zea mays) with R-25788

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. C. Leavitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Cuticular Transpiration ◽  
Epicuticular Wax Layer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) caused an aggregation of the epicuticular wax layer of corn (Zea maysL.). R-25788 (2,2-dichloro-N,N-diallylacetamide) prevented this aggregation when applied in combination with EPTC. Neither EPTC, metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], nor R-25788 changed the weight of chloroform extractable epicuticular wax on corn leaves. EPTC apparently does not block lipid synthesis in corn as it does in other plant species. Thus R-25788 does not protect corn from EPTC or metolachlor by overcoming such a block. EPTC did affect wax arrangement on the leaf surface and caused an increase in the cuticular transpiration of corn and predisposed corn to injury from subsequent postemergence applications of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion). R-25788 protected corn against these deleterious effect.

Evaluation of Epicuticular Wax Removal from Whole Leaves with Chloroform

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 706-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Bewick ◽  
Donn G. Shilling ◽  
Robert Querns
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
American Black ◽  
Scanning Electron

Leaves of torpedograss and American black nightshade were extracted with chloroform at room temperature. A 2-s dip was sufficient to remove most of the epicuticular wax from torpedograss. However, epicuticular hydrocarbon weight represented only 6.4% of the total extract weight and 6.94μg g−1fresh weight of chlorophyll were found in the 2-s extract. This represented 25% of the chlorophyll detected in the 232-h extract. In American black nightshade, epicuticular hydrocarbons continued to be removed from the leaf surface up to 6 h of extraction. Epicuticular hydrocarbons represented 0.6% of total extract weight. In the 6-h extract, 4.02μg g−1fresh weight of chlorophyll were found. This represented 17% of the chlorophyll detected in the 232-h extract. Evaluation of leaf surfaces using scanning electron microscopy indicated that epicuticular wax was being removed from torpedograss leaves up to 1 h. However, there was little visible evidence for wax extraction from the surface of American black nightshade leaves.

Sem Studies of Co-Cr-Mo Surgical Implant Alloy Corrosion Behavior

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
Ann Chidester Van Orden ◽  
John L. Chidester ◽  
Anna C. Fraker ◽  
Pei Sung
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of small variations in the composition on the corrosion behavior of Co-Cr-Mo alloys has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and electrochemical measurements. SEM and EDX data were correlated with data from in vitro corrosion measurements involving repassivation and also potentiostatic anodic polarization measurements. Specimens studied included the four alloys shown in Table 1. Corrosion tests were conducted in Hanks' physiological saline solution which has a pH of 7.4 and was held at a temperature of 37°C. Specimens were mechanically polished to a surface finish with 0.05 µm A1203, then exposed to the solution and anodically polarized at a rate of 0.006 v/min. All voltages were measured vs. the saturated calomel electrode (s.c.e.).. Specimens had breakdown potentials near 0.47V vs. s.c.e.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

Use of SEM, X-ray analysis and TEM to localize Fe3+ reduction in roots

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 392-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Wergin ◽  
P. F. Bell ◽  
Rufus L. Chaney
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Young Root ◽  
Insoluble Precipitate ◽  
Uptake And Transport ◽  
Scanning Electron

In dicotyledons, Fe3+ must be reduced to Fe2+ before uptake and transport of this essential macronutrient can occur. Ambler et al demonstrated that reduction along the root could be observed by the formation of a stain, Prussian blue (PB), Fe4 [Fe(CN)6]3 n H2O (where n = 14-16). This stain, which is an insoluble precipitate, forms at the reduction site when the nutrient solution contains Fe3+ and ferricyanide. In 1972, Chaney et al proposed a model which suggested that the Fe3+ reduction site occurred outside the cell membrane; however, no physical evidence to support the model was presented at that time. A more recent study using the PB stain indicates that rapid reduction of Fe3+ occurs in a region of the root containing young root hairs. Furthermore the most pronounced activity occurs in plants that are deficient in Fe. To more precisely localize the site of Fe3+ reduction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to examine the distribution of the PB precipitate that was induced to form in roots.

Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Analyses of Dental Tissues from a Hibernator

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
M. L. Zimny ◽  
A. C. Haller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Bone Minerals ◽  
Apical Tooth ◽  
Scanning Electron

During hibernation the ground squirrel is immobile, body temperature reduced and metabolism depressed. Hibernation has been shown to affect dental tissues varying degrees, although not much work has been done in this area. In limited studies, it has been shown that hibernation results in (1) mobilization of bone minerals; (2) deficient dentinogenesis and degeneration of alveolar bone; (3) presence of calculus and tears in the cementum; and (4) aggrevation of caries and pulpal and apical tooth abscesses. The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of hibernation on dental tissues employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and related x-ray analyses.

Scanning Electron Microscopy and x-ray analysis of microparticles and early hydration effects

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 692-693
Author(s):  
Yun Lu ◽  
David C. Joy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Early Hydration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Chemical Wastes ◽  
Scanning Electron

High resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) were performed to investigate microparticles in blended cements and their hydration products containing sodium-rich chemical wastes. The physical appearance of powder particles and the morphological development at different hydration stages were characterized by using high resolution SEM Hitachi S-900 and by SEM S-800 with a EDX spectrometer. Microparticles were dispersed on the sample holder and glued by 1% palomino solution. Hydrated bulk samples were dehydrated by acetone and mounted on the holder by silver paste. Both fracture surfaces and flat cutting sections of hydrating samples were prepared and examined. Some specimens were coated with an 3 nm thick Au-Pd or Cr layer to provide good conducting surfaces. For high resolution SEM S-900 observations the accelerating voltage of electrons was 1-2 KeV to protect the electron charging. Microchemical analyses were carried out by S800/EDS equipped with a LINK detector of take-off angle =40°.

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