scholarly journals Association of Nematodes with Dogwood Canker and Stem Malformations on Other Trees

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Frank S. Santamour ◽  
Alice Jacot McArdle
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Green Mountain ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Flowering Dogwood ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Aphelenchoides Fragariae ◽  
Made In

Two nematodes, one stylet-bearing and allied to the Aphelenchoides fragariae complex and the non-stylet species Panagrolaimus subelongatus, were isolated from the disrupted bark on main trunks and branches of young flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) trees exhibiting symptoms of “dogwood canker” disease. Similar nematodes were isolated from burls on the trunks of Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.), Higan cherry (Prunus subhirtella Miq.), red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), whereas only the Panagrolaimus species was found in abnormal tumorous growths on the trunks of the Green Mountain cultivar of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh. ‘Green Mountain’). Nematodes were recovered 2 months after inoculation into young dogwood stems in June, 1983 but none could be detected after the inoculated trees had been subjected to winter temperatures as low as −22°C (−4°F) even though nematodes in established cankers survived under the same conditions. Inoculations made in July, 1984 into callus tissue developed after wounding in 1983 or 1984 produced canker-like symptoms but the nematodes were not reisolated in 1985. The total number of nematodes per canker was low and older cankers often yielded no nematodes, even though the canker persisted.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effects of Extract Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Chenopodium album L. on Germination of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Sanida Bektić ◽  
Samira Huseinović ◽  
Jasminka Husanović ◽  
Senad Memić
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable ◽  
Research Show ◽  
Made In

Allelopathy can have an important applicaiton in areas of agriculture, especially in integrated protection from weeds, by using of allelopathic crops in different ways. In this research allelopathic effects of invasive species acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)  and white goosefood (Chenopodium album L.) are explored on germination of   tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Water extracts of dry leaves of white goosefoot and acacia are prepared according tothe  method : Norsworthy (2003). Experiment has been made in controlled laboratory conditions. Results of this research show that acacia and white goosefood have negative allelopathy potential and they act inhibitory on germination of tomatoes. Research of allelopathy and allelopathic relationships of weed species and agricultural cultures represents a big challenge for those people who are working in food production, and at the same time can be an instrument of ecologically sustainable agriculture.

Proposed Scenario for Dieback and Decline of Acer Saccharum in Northeastern U. S. A. and Southeastern Canada

IAWA Journal ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Gregory ◽  
Mansfield W. Williams ◽  
Betty L. Wong ◽  
Gary J. Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

A sequence of events is presented that may explain the reported decline of sugar maple trees in the Northeastern United States and Southeastern Canada. The primary factor, caused by defoliation, is a severe reduction in reserve carbohydrates, especially in roots, at the beginning of the leafless period. In this respect, la te defoliators - those that defoliate in late July and early August - are much more destructive than those that defoliate in J une because it appears that carbon is being utilised in July and August by one or more sinks about as fast as it is being assimilated photosynthetically. This, in conjunction with a loss of foliage for an extended period and limited refoliation, could result in severe carbohydrate dcpletion. Limited carbohydrate reserves may not be sufficient for normal respiratory activity during the Ieafless period, or for vernal outgrowth of embryonie shoots. Late defoliation and low carbohydrate reserves also appear to reduce the ability of the trees to acclimate to low winter temperatures; hence, cold winters could result in additional shoot die back and mortality. Other factors such as drought, atmospheric pollutants, and numerous pathogens mayaiso influence carbohydrate reserves, thus contributing to decline.

scholarly journals Effects of Savanna Restoration on the Foraging Ecology of Insectivorous Songbirds

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Hartung ◽  
Jeffrey D. Brawn
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Open Canopy ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Open Versus

Abstract We studied the foraging behavior of insectivorous songbirds during the breeding season at four sites in Illinois, each with restored open-canopy savanna habitat (65% mean canopy closure) and closed-canopy forests (89% mean canopy closure). We sampled and compared apparent tree species preference, foliage layer preference, and proportional use of different prey-attack maneuvers in the two habitats. In closed-canopy forests, three of nine songbird species foraged in black oak (Quercus velutina) and white oak (Q. alba) more than expected based on availability, and foraged less than expected in shade-tolerant trees such as sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and red elm (Ulmus rubra). Four species also displayed apparent preferences for black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and hackberry (Celtis occidentalis). In contrast, songbirds used tree species according to availability in open-canopy habitat. We observed apparent preferences for the shrub and subcanopy vegetation layers (0–5 m and 6–10 m) in open-canopy habitat and apparent preferences for the subcanopy and lower canopy vegetation layers (6–10 m and 11–15 m) in closed-canopy forests. Relative use of prey-attack maneuvers in open versus closed-canopy habitat was significantly different for the Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens) and the Great Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus), but not for foliage-gleaning species. These results suggest that restoration of oak savannas has important effects on the habitat use and foraging ecology of selected insectivorous birds.

scholarly journals 571 EVALUATION AND PROPAGATION OF SUPERIOR CADDO MAPLES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 513e-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Pair
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Green Mountain ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
South Central ◽  
Sugar Maples ◽  
Early Fall

In 1983, a trial was initiated to compare numerous selections of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) for adaptability to stressful conditions in south central Kansas (zone 6). Included were seedlings of Caddo maple, a southern ecotype, collected from a population native to central Oklahoma. Selected trees have shown superior resistance to scorch and leaf tatter compared to cultivars in the trade. Pre-dawn measurements indicated higher xylem water potential than `Green Mountain' and `Fairview' under drought stress. Leaf emergence of Caddo maples has been earlier in the spring, and fall color develops later than other sugar maples. Propagation of potential cultivars with early fall color has been principally by T-budding on Caddo understock in July and August, although side-veneer grafting in winter has been successful. In addition to superior summer leaf quality, growth in caliper and total height has been greater than other A. saccharum cultivars.

scholarly journals Leaf Conductance and Xylem Water Potential of Ecotypes and Cultivars of Acer saccharum and A. nigrum

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 649a-649
Author(s):  
Steve C. Yuza ◽  
Art L. Youngman ◽  
John C. Pair
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Conductance ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Green Mountain ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Old Trees

This study examined physical factors and physiological responses of five different ecotypes and cultivars of Acer saccharum and A. nigrum. The objective was to determine variations in leaf conductance and xylem water potential and correlations associated with their natural geographic distribution. Compared were two ecotypes of sugar maple, Caddo and Wichita Mountains, native to Oklahoma with cultivars Green Mountain and Legacy, plus black maple seedlings from Iowa. Measurements taken included leaf conductance, xylem water potential and soil water potential in a replicated block of 15-year-old trees. The two ecotypes had consistently higher photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance and transpiration rates than other selections. Xylem water potentials were significantly higher for Caddo maples than Green Mountain, Legacy and Acer nigrum in both predawn and midday samples. This difference in water availability can be associated with a tendency for Caddo to vary its stomatal conductance. The other tree types maintained stable stomatal conductances.

scholarly journals Height Growth and Tissue Sulfur Content of Field-Grown Tree Seedlings from Different Sulfur Dioxide Environments

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Roberts ◽  
Virginia M. Schnipke
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Flowering Dogwood

A comparison of height growth and tissue sulfur content was made for two-yr-old containerized seedlings of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), flowering crabapple (Malus coronaria (L) Mill.), flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.), Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) and white pine (Pinus strobus L.) growing in the field under different ambient sulfur dioxide (SO2) conditions. Total height and rate of height growth for crabapple, sugar maple and white pine were significantly less in the high-ambient SO2 environment compared to similar plants at the low-ambient SO2 location. Two patterns of growth were observed for seedlings at the high-ambient SO2 site. One was a delay in the period of maximum growth (crabapple and dogwood); the other a flush of growth late in the season (sugar maple, white pine and Fraser fir). The sulfur content of plants from the high-ambient SO2 site suggests that all species tested were capable of filtering some SO2 from the atmosphere, with the foliage being the most effective sorptive tissue.

Bud, root, and growth-regulator activity in Acer saccharum during the dormant season

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Taylor ◽  
E. B. Dumbroff
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Cytokinin Activity ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Chilling Temperatures ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Terminal Buds

Exposure of dormant sugar maple seedlings to over 2000 h of winter temperatures of 5 °C and below was required for rapid and normal growth when seedlings were transferred to a warm greenhouse and extended photoperiods. Although chilling requirements were not fully satisfied until mid-March, a resurgence of metabolic activity occurred in early February. There was a marked shift in the potential for budbreak from the axillary to the terminal buds, and a surge in root growth occurred after a period of inactivity when the ground was frozen from late December to mid-January. The water content of the buds followed a pattern similar to that of the roots. It fell to a plateau in late fall well before the soil froze but began a steady increase with the resumption of active root growth in February. Inhibitory substances present in the buds did not exhibit significant changes during the overwintering period. However, cytokinin activity was observed beginning in February at the same time that root growth and bud succulence showed upward inflections. By the beginning of April there were two distinct peaks of activity which persisted through budbreak in early May.Seedlings that were brought into the greenhouse in the fall and never exposed to chilling temperatures did not break dormancy or show significant cytokinin activity or exhibit the physiological changes that occur under normal winter conditions.

IgE-vermittelte Allergie gegen Robinienholz (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) – eine Fallbeschreibung

Pneumologie ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kespohl ◽  
R Merget ◽  
M Gellert ◽  
T Brüning ◽  
M Raulf-Heimsoth
Keyword(s):  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

Productivity and Environmental Role of Forest Shelterbelts of Robinia pseudoacacia L. of the Kuban Lowland

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
V.V. Tanyukevich ◽  
◽  
S.V. Tyurin ◽  
D.V. Khmeleva ◽  
A.A. Kvasha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Young Growth

Works on protective afforestation are carried out in order to protect agricultural land from degradation processes, as well as to improve the microclimate of land. The research purpose is to study the bioproductivity and environmental role of Robinia pseudoacacia L. forest shelterbelts in the conditions of the Kuban lowland. The approved and generally accepted methods of forest valuation, forest land reclamation, botany, and mathematical statistics were applied. Plantings were created according to the standard technology for the steppe zone of the Russian Federation. The area of forest shelterbelts is 62.4 ths ha, including 5 % of the young growth (I state class), 80 % of middle-aged forest plantings (II state class), 10 % of maturing plantings (II state class), 5 % of mature and overmature plantings (III state class). Living ground cover is formed by the following species: Koeleria pyramidata L., Poa pratensis L., Festuca pratensis H., Elytrígia repens L., Dactylis glomerata L., and Phlum pratense L. Aboveground phytomass is 100–300 g/m2; height is 25–32 cm. Plantings are characterized by the quality classes: young growth – I and II; middle-aged and maturing – III; mature and overmature – IV. At the age of natural maturity (70 years), the Robinia trunk reaches the average height of 15.1 m with the average diameter of 22.1 cm. The total stock of wood reaches 18, (ths m3), including (ths m3): young growth – 68 (ths m3); middleaged plantings – 14,871 (ths m3); maturing plantings – 2,187 (ths m3); mature and overmature plantings – 1,314 (ths m3). Aboveground phytomass in young growth is 20.2 t/ha; in mature and overmature plantings it is 391.2 t/ha. In the region it is estimated at 17,070 ths t, including (ths t): young growth – 64; middle-aged plantings – 13,753; maturing plantings – 2,032; mature and overmature plantings – 1,221. The share of stem mass reaches 84.5–80.8 %; woody greenery – 4.2–1.5 %; branches – 11.3–17.7 %. Recalculation coefficients of the stock into aboveground phytomass are the following for: young growth – 0.936; mature and overmature forest shelterbelts – 0.929. Phytosaturation of forest shelterbelts varies within 0.314–2.474 kg/m3. Forest shelterbelts have accumulated 8,534 ths t of carbon, which is estimated at 145.1 mln dollars. The sphere of application of the research results is the Krasnodar Krai forestry, which is recommended to create an additional 60 ths ha of forest shelterbelts, which will provide a normative protective forest cover of arable land of 5 % and annual carbon sequestration up to 3.4 t/ha.

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