scholarly journals Height Growth and Tissue Sulfur Content of Field-Grown Tree Seedlings from Different Sulfur Dioxide Environments

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Roberts ◽  
Virginia M. Schnipke
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Flowering Dogwood

A comparison of height growth and tissue sulfur content was made for two-yr-old containerized seedlings of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), flowering crabapple (Malus coronaria (L) Mill.), flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.), Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) and white pine (Pinus strobus L.) growing in the field under different ambient sulfur dioxide (SO2) conditions. Total height and rate of height growth for crabapple, sugar maple and white pine were significantly less in the high-ambient SO2 environment compared to similar plants at the low-ambient SO2 location. Two patterns of growth were observed for seedlings at the high-ambient SO2 site. One was a delay in the period of maximum growth (crabapple and dogwood); the other a flush of growth late in the season (sugar maple, white pine and Fraser fir). The sulfur content of plants from the high-ambient SO2 site suggests that all species tested were capable of filtering some SO2 from the atmosphere, with the foliage being the most effective sorptive tissue.

Biomass allocation and multiple resource limitation in tree seedlings

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1521-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Canham ◽  
A.R. Berkowitz ◽  
V.R. Kelly ◽  
G.M. Lovett ◽  
S.V. Ollinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Soil Resource ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Aboveground Growth ◽  
Soil Resource Availability

We conducted a greenhouse experiment to determine how differences among tree species in allocation of biomass to roots versus shoots affected their responses to different combinations of light, water, and soil nutrients. Across a full range of light levels, we were specifically interested in examining the sensitivity of tree seedlings to additional reductions in aboveground growth due to soil resource limitation, and the relative sensitivity of seedlings to water versus nutrient stress under different light regimes. The four tree species used in our experiment included two species that are the most common initial tree invaders of abandoned agricultural lands (old fields) in the Hudson Valley (red maple (Acerrubrum L.) and white pine (Pinusstrobus L.)) and two species that are less frequently found in old fields, but that are dominant forest species, and are noted for their tolerance of either light stress or water stress (sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) and red oak (Quercusrubra L.), respectively). At the lowest light levels (2% of full sun), there was no effect of variation in soil resource availability on shoot growth of any of the four species. At the 9% full sun light level, red maple seedlings showed clear evidence of simultaneous limitation by light, water, and nitrogen. At higher light levels (20–100% of full sun), all four species responded to variation in at least one of the two soil resources. The four species showed two contrasting patterns of allocation of biomass to roots. Red maple and white pine responded to an increase in soil resource availability by reducing relative allocation to roots and increasing aboveground growth. Sugar maple and red oak had much more conservative root allocation patterns: root allocation was high (58–75% of added biomass allocated to roots) and did not vary in response to soil resource availability. Allocation to roots was affected more strongly by variation in soil nitrogen availability than it was by soil moisture availability.

scholarly journals Association of Nematodes with Dogwood Canker and Stem Malformations on Other Trees

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Frank S. Santamour ◽  
Alice Jacot McArdle
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Green Mountain ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Flowering Dogwood ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Aphelenchoides Fragariae ◽  
Made In

Two nematodes, one stylet-bearing and allied to the Aphelenchoides fragariae complex and the non-stylet species Panagrolaimus subelongatus, were isolated from the disrupted bark on main trunks and branches of young flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) trees exhibiting symptoms of “dogwood canker” disease. Similar nematodes were isolated from burls on the trunks of Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.), Higan cherry (Prunus subhirtella Miq.), red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), whereas only the Panagrolaimus species was found in abnormal tumorous growths on the trunks of the Green Mountain cultivar of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh. ‘Green Mountain’). Nematodes were recovered 2 months after inoculation into young dogwood stems in June, 1983 but none could be detected after the inoculated trees had been subjected to winter temperatures as low as −22°C (−4°F) even though nematodes in established cankers survived under the same conditions. Inoculations made in July, 1984 into callus tissue developed after wounding in 1983 or 1984 produced canker-like symptoms but the nematodes were not reisolated in 1985. The total number of nematodes per canker was low and older cankers often yielded no nematodes, even though the canker persisted.

scholarly journals Effect of Rootball Size On Growth, Leaf Nitrogen Content, and Total Stem Nonstructual Carbohydrate Content Of Landscapesized Sugar Maple

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 606a-606
Author(s):  
J. Roger Harris ◽  
Patricia Knight ◽  
Jody Fanelli
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
American Association ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content

Two rootball sizes as well as a nontransplanted control were randomly assigned to Acer saccharum Marsh. (sugar maple) trees in four adjacent nursery rows at Waynesboro Nurseries in Waynesboro, Va. One size (75 cm in diameter) corresponded to the American Association of Nurserymen standards. The other rootball size was 90 cm in diameter. Trees were transplanted just before bud swell or during shoot elongation. Rootball size had no effect on height, stem diameter, or twig growth, total nonstructual leaf nitrogen content (LNC), or total stem nonstructual carbohydrate (TNC). Height growth was reduced by 81%, stem diameter growth by 71%, and twig growth by 82% for trees transplanted before bud swell compared to nontransplanted trees. LNC was 25% more on transplanted trees than on nontransplanted trees, presumably due to a dilution effect. TNC was 20% higher on transplanted compared to nontransplanted trees. Growth was severely curtailed on late-transplanted trees for all characteristics measured compared to all other treatments.

scholarly journals Control of Hay-Scented Fern by Mowing

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avril L. de la Crétaz ◽  
Matthew J. Kelty
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Frond Length

Abstract Hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) is a native species that can invade and dominate the forest understory, after thinning and intensive deer browsing. Fern colonies form a dense cover 60 to 80 cm high that intercepts light and inhibits tree seedling regeneration. Hay-scented fern can be controlled with herbicides, but some landowners (both public and private) seek alternative methods. We investigated mowing as a possible method of fern control. We tested different mowing schedules and measured the response of ferns (frond length and density) and of natural regeneration and planted seedlings. Mowing the ferns twice in one growing season (first in June when the fern fronds had reached their full height and again in August) led to a significant reduction in frond length during the next two growing seasons compared to untreated controls. Mowing four times over 2 years reduced both length and density of ferns. Mean density of naturally established tree seedlings was four times greater on these treatment plots compared to controls, but with great variability among plots. Red oak (Quercus rubra) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seedlings planted the year after mowing showed greater survival and height growth compared to controls.

scholarly journals Growth of Sugar Maple Taxa in Tennessee

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 812E-812
Author(s):  
W.T. Witte ◽  
R.J. Sauve ◽  
P.C. Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Group Of Seven

Commercially available Acer saccharum cultivars, and some closely related species accessions (floridanum, leucoderme, macrophyllum, and nigrum `Greencolumn'), were established as 10 single-plant replications in a cultivar trial at the TSU–NCRS in 1993 and Spring 1994. Plants were regularly fertilized and drip irrigation was begun Summer 1993. Growth data were recorded each fall and height and caliper increment calculated for the 1994 season. In the group with most height growth were: `Bonfire', `Majesty', nigrum `Greencolumn', leucoderme, `Sweet Shadow', `Fairview', and macrophyllum. These, except for `Fairview' and macrophyllum, differed significantly from a group of seven slower growing cultivars. With some exceptions, cultivars with the most height growth tended to have the most caliper growth, while those with the least height growth tended to have the least caliper growth. Data will also be presented on insect and disease ratings.

Decay of birdseye sugar maple (Acer Saccharum) and curly red maple (Acer Rubrum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-297
Author(s):  
Tara Lee Bal ◽  
Katherine Elizabeth Schneider ◽  
Dana L. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Maple

Growth responses of seven major co-occurring tree species of the northeastern United States to elevated CO2

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1479-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Bazzaz ◽  
J. S. Coleman ◽  
S. R. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
White Pine ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Harvard Forest ◽  
Paper Birch

We examined how elevated CO2 affected the growth of seven co-occurring tree species: American beech (Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh.), paper birch (Betulapapyrifera Marsh.), black cherry (Prunusserotina Ehrh.), white pine (Pinusstrobus L.), red maple (Acerrubrum L.), sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.), and eastern hemlock (Tsugacanadensis (L.) Carr). We also tested whether the degree of shade tolerance of species and the age of seedlings affected plant responses to enhanced CO2 levels. Seedlings that were at least 1 year old, for all species except beech, were removed while dormant from Harvard Forest, Petersham, Massachusetts. Seeds of red maple and paper birch were obtained from parent trees at Harvard Forest, and seeds of American beech were obtained from a population of beeches in Nova Scotia. Seedlings and transplants were grown in one of four plant growth chambers for 60 d (beech, paper birch, red maple, black cherry) or 100 d (white pine, hemlock, sugar maple) under CO2 levels of 400 or 700 μL•L−1. Plants were then harvested for biomass and growth determinations. The results showed that the biomass of beech, paper birch, black cherry, sugar maple, and hemlock significantly increased in elevated CO2, but the biomass of red maple and white pine only marginally increased in these conditions. Furthermore, there were large differences in the magnitude of growth enhancement by increased levels of CO2 between species, so it seems reasonable to predict that one consequence of rising levels of CO2 may be to increase the competitive ability of some species relative to others. Additionally, the three species exhibiting the largest increase in growth with increased CO2 concentrations were the shade-tolerant species (i.e., beech, sugar maple, and hemlock). Thus, elevated CO2 levels may enhance the growth of relatively shade-tolerant forest trees to a greater extent than growth of shade-intolerant trees, at least under the light and nutrient conditions of this experiment. We found no evidence to suggest that the age of tree seedlings greatly affected their response to elevated CO2 concentrations.

High light intensity stress as the limiting factor in micropropagation of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amritpal S. Singh ◽  
A. Maxwell P. Jones ◽  
Mukund R. Shukla ◽  
Praveen K. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Intensity Stress

Impact of Deer Browsing on Regeneration in Mixed Stands in Southern New England

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Kittredge ◽  
P. Mark S. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Browsing preferences by white-tailed deer were evaluated for 6 tree species in northeastern Connecticut. Deer density averaged 23/mile². Deer exhibited no species-specific preferences for seedlings greater than 19 in. For seedlings less than 19 in., hemlock and black birch were preferred. Red maple, sugar maple, and white pine seedlings were avoided. Red oak seedlings were neither preferred nor avoided. A much higher proportion of seedlings greater than 19.7 in. in height was browsed, regardless of species. Browsing preferences for species in the smaller seedling class, combined with a lack of preference for species in the larger class may result in future stands with less diverse tree species composition. Deer densities in excess of 23/mile² may be incompatible with regeneration of diverse forests in southern New England. North. J. Appl. For. 12(3):115-120.

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