scholarly journals Stock Plant Nutrition Influences the Adventitious Rooting of ‘Rotundifolia’ Holly Stem Cuttings

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-85
Author(s):  
William H. Rein ◽  
Robert D. Wright ◽  
Dale D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Percent Moisture ◽  
Growth Activity ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Treatment Design

Abstract Containerized stock plants of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Rotundifolia’ were liquid-fertilized at least three times per week with nitrogen (N) at five rates (25, 50, 100,200, and 300 mg N/l) and in two forms (100% NH4NO3 or 50% NH4NO3 + 50% urea) in a factorial treatment design. Phosphorus and potassium were included in a constant ratio with N (100 N:15 P:50 K). Leaf and stem percent N levels were suboptimal at the lowest fertilizer rate and excessive at the highest fertilizer rate. Percent rooting of stem cuttings decreased linearly with fertilizer rate. With increasing fertilizer rates, total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) levels increased in leaves and remained constant in stems. Stem cutting percent moisture increased and was highly correlated with fertilizer rate. The form of N applied made no statistical difference in these trends. The decrease in percent rooting with increasing fertilizer rates was attributed to increases in shoot growth activity and decreased tissue maturation.

scholarly journals Propagation Medium Moisture Level Influences Adventitious Rooting of Woody Stem Cuttings

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Rein ◽  
Robert D. Wright ◽  
John R. Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Species Incidence ◽  
Propagation Medium

Stem cuttings of Blue Rug juniper (Juniperus horizontalis Moench `Wiltonii'), `Hino-Crimson' azalea [Rhododendron (Lindl.) P1anch `Hino-Crimson'], and `Helleri' holly (Ilex crenata Thunb. `Helleri') were propagated in 1 peat: 1 perlite (v/v) at one of five moisture levels based on medium dry weight (125%, 250%, 375%, 500%, or 625%). Cutting survival and percentage of rooted cuttings were highest at the highest medium moisture level in all three species. Incidence of cutting basal rot was not directly related to medium moisture level, but more to the growth stage of the stock plant. Midday xylem water potential (ψ) of cuttings for each species was highest in the wettest propagation medium and lowest in the driest medium. During propagation, stem cutting ψ below - 2.0 MPa occurred even in the wettest medium tested, and frequently reached - 4.0 MPa in cuttings in the driest treatment (125%). Basal water uptake by cuttings was highest in the wettest medium moisture level. Water uptake was highest during the first few days after insertion, and thereafter decreased until root emergence.

INFLUENCE DE LA FUMURE, DU CHARGEMENT ET DE L’ALIMENTATION A LA MOULEE SUR LA PRODUCTIVE HERBAGERE ET BOVINE DES PATURAGES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-725
Author(s):  
J. L. DIONNE ◽  
G. LALANDE ◽  
J. GENEST ◽  
C. FERNET
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The influence of chemical fertilizers, stocking rate and meal supplementation on herbage and beef production was determined in a 3-yr pasture experiment. A stocking rate of 2.47 heads/ha was compared to one of 4.94 heads/ha. At the latter stocking rate, some of the steers were fed meal while on pasture. The fertilizer rates used were 1,121, 2,242 and 3,363 kg/ha of 10–10–10. All factors were combined in a factorial way. The fertility level of the soils was increased due to chemical fertilizer applications and at the highest rate, an excessive buildup of K occurred in soils. Phosphorus and potassium levels in soils were also increased at the highest stocking rate. An increase in fertilizer rate increased the total dry matter production of the herbage by 28%. Most of the increase in dry matter yields was accounted for by the harvesting of herbage surpluses obtained on the pastures fertilized with the highest rate of 10–10–10 and where the stocking rate was 2.47 heads/ha. At the stocking rate of 4.94 heads/ha, it was impossible to maintain the pasture dry matter production to meet the feed requirements of the grazing steers during the complete pasture season, even when the highest fertilizer rate was used. In the second half of the season, the daily body weight gains of the steers decreased by 50%. Feeding meal to the steers from mid-August compensated for the herbage shortage. The growth rate was markedly increased, while the carcasses had a thicker fat cover and a larger eye of lean. Finishing steers on grass pastures exclusively was possible at the stocking rate of 2.47 heads/ha. The maximum fertilizer rate appears to be at 200 kg/ha of each of N, P2O5 and K2O. The optimum rate would be half of this quantity.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Nutrition of Containerized Eastern Redcedar. II. Influence of Stock Plant Fertility on Adventitious Rooting of Stem Cuttings

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Henry ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
L. Eric Hinesley
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Eastern Redcedar ◽  
N Level ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Rooting Response

Hardwood stem cuttings of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.), taken from containerized stock plants fertilized weekly with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, or 640 ppm N, were treated with 7500 ppm IBA and placed under intermittent mist for 12 weeks. Foliar starch and sucrose concentrations within cuttings at time of excision were significantly correlated with percent rooting and root length, respectively. Of the mineral nutrients analyzed (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and B), only B and K were significantly correlated with rooting response. A threshold N level (20 ppm), applied weekly, maximized rooting; higher concentrations decreased response. Although N fertilization of stock plants affected adventitious rooting, there were no significant correlations between foliar N levels and measures of rooting response. Chemical name used: 1 H- indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).

scholarly journals IBA Formulation, Concentration, and Stock Plant Growth Stage Affect Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Viburnum rufidulum

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Jason J. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Plant Growth Stages

Abstract Viburnum rufidulum Raf. (southern or rusty blackhaw) has potential to be a popular landscape plant as it is an attractive large shrub tolerant of many common landscape stresses. However, propagation difficulties have thus far limited wide scale use. Therefore, the influence of IBA formulation and concentration on adventitious rooting of stem cuttings of southern blackhaw taken at different stock plant growth stages throughout the year were investigated. Liquid formulations of the potassium salt (K-salt) of indolebutyric acid (K-IBA) at 0, 3000, 6000, or 9000 ppm (0, 0.3, 0.6, or 0.9%) as well as talc formulations of IBA at 1000, 3000, or 8000 ppm (0.1, 0.3 or 0.8%) were utilized. Talc formulations failed to stimulate rooting regardless of concentration or growth stage. A quick-dip of K-IBA increased rooting percentage at all growth stages. Softwood and hardwood cuttings had the highest rooting percentages. Hardwood cuttings treated with 6000 ppm (0.6%) or 9000 ppm (0.9%) rooted 90 and 100%, respectively. Softwood cuttings treated with 6000 ppm (0.6%) rooted 87%. K-IBA improved root number per rooted cutting for softwood cuttings, whereas root length was unaffected by K-IBA at any growth stage.

scholarly journals Cutting Back Stock Plants Promotes Adventitious Rooting of Stems of Quercus bicolor and Quercus macrocarpa

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Naalamle Amissah ◽  
Nina Bassuk
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Quercus Macrocarpa ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Plant Group ◽  
Bur Oak ◽  
Quercus Bicolor ◽  
Swamp White Oak

Abstract Studies were conducted to investigate the severity of cutting back stock plants on adventitious rooting of layered stems and stem cuttings of Quercus bicolor Willd. (swamp white oak) and Quercus macrocarpa Michx. (bur oak). Rooting averaged 77% in Q. bicolor and 70% in Q. macrocarpa layered stems from the cutback stock plant group, compared to air layered stems from intact plants which averaged 1% in Q. bicolor and 0% in Q. macrocarpa. In another experiment cuttings were taken from three stock plant heights [4 cm (1.6 in), or 100 cm (39.4 in) stumps and intact plants ∼ 170 cm (66.9 in)] which were either etiolated or grown in natural light and rooted under mist. The best rooting (59%) and average number of roots (9.3) were found in etiolated Q. bicolor cuttings taken from 4 cm (1.6 in) stumps. Q. macrocarpa cuttings rooted poorly with only 7% of the cuttings rooting. By taking cuttings a week earlier for rooting (2 weeks, at the softwood stage), rooting in Q. macrocarpa was possible, with the best rooting (46%) found in etiolated cuttings taken from 4 cm (1.6 in) stumps. Overall, the highest rooting and greatest number of roots occurred in etiolated layers and cuttings from the 4 cm cutback group. Rooting generally increased with increasing extent of stock plant cutback

scholarly journals Vegetative Propagation of Eastern Redcedar by Stem Cuttings

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1272-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Henry ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
L. Eric Hinesley
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Eastern Redcedar ◽  
Crown Position ◽  
Cutting Length ◽  
Position Type ◽  
Old Trees

Studies were conducted to investigate the effects of season (timing), IBA application, genotype, crown position, type of cutting (straight vs. heel), cutting length, and stock plant age upon adventitious rooting of stem cuttings of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.). Genotype had a strong influence on percent rooting, root count, and root length of 4-year-old trees. With trees of this age, percent rooting was maximized (87%) with hardwood cuttings taken in January and treated with 5000 ppm IBA. Crown position from which cuttings were collected did not influence rooting. Straight cuttings, with or without a light wound, rooted at a significantly higher percentage (78%) than heel cuttings (52%). With 30-year-old trees, cuttings from the lower third of the crown rooted at a significantly higher percentage (67%) than cuttings from the middle third (43%). Better rooting was obtained with straight (68%) than heel (47%) cuttings. Cutting length affected rooting, with root count and length highest in longer cuttings. Increased tree age reduced rooting, although cuttings from 40-year-old trees retained substantial rooting capacity. Chemical name used: 1 H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).

Early steps of adventitious rooting: morphology, hormonal profiling and carbohydrate turnover in carnation stem cuttings

2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ángeles Agulló-Antón ◽  
Almudena Ferrández-Ayela ◽  
Nieves Fernández-García ◽  
Carlos Nicolás ◽  
Alfonso Albacete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Stem Cuttings

Assessment of the Effects of Environmental Factors on the Response of Wheat to Fertilizer in On-farm Trials in a Mediterranean Type Environment

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pala ◽  
A. Matar ◽  
A. Mazid
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

SUMMARYA series of researcher-managed wheat fertilizer trials was conducted on representative farmers' fields across northwest Syria between 1986 and 1990. Wheat grain and straw yields were strongly correlated with seasonal (October-May) rainfall, almost irrespective of soil fertility, crop sequence or fertilizer rate, with a highly significant response to nitrogen fertilizer which increased with increasing rainfall and decreasing initial soil mineral-nitrogen values. These results were summarized in regression equations which express yield in terms of fertilizer rates, seasonal rainfall and their interactions. The equations with applied nitrogen and seasonal rainfall were the most appropriate for determining fertilizer needs. Economic analysis indicated that all fertilizer treatment rates were profitable under existing price conditions and that fertilizer use would still be beneficial for a nitrogen price up to three times higher than that of the price of grain (weight for weight) with a seasonal rainfall of 250 mm, and up to six times higher with a seasonal rainfall of 450 mm.

scholarly journals The microRNA476a/RFL module regulates adventitious root formation through a mitochondria-dependent pathway in Populus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changzheng Xu ◽  
Yuanxun Tao ◽  
Xiaokang Fu ◽  
Li Guo ◽  
Haitao Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Pentatricopeptide Repeat ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Mitochondrial Regulation ◽  
Mitochondrial Homeostasis

AbstractAdventitious root (AR) formation at the base of stem cuttings determines the efficiency of clonal propagation for woody plants. Many endogenous and environmental factors influence AR formation. However, our knowledge about the regulation of AR development by mitochondrial metabolism in plants is very limited. Here we identified Populus-specific miR476a as a novel regulator of wound-induced adventitious rooting via orchestrating mitochondrial homeostasis in poplar. MiR476a exhibited inducible expression during AR formation and directly targets several Restorer of Fertility like (RFL) genes encoding mitochondrion-localized pentatricopeptide repeat proteins. Genetic modification of miR476-RFL expression revealed the miR476/RFL-mediated dynamic regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis on AR formation in transgenic poplar. Furthermore, mitochondrial perturbation via exogenous chemical inhibitor validated that the miR476a/RFL-directed AR formation depended on mitochondrial regulation though modulating the auxin pathway. Our results established a miRNA-directed mitochondrion-auxin signaling cascade required for AR development, providing novel insights into the understanding of mitochondrial regulation on plant developmental plasticity.

scholarly journals Methods of Auxin Application in Cutting Propagation: A Review of 70 Years of Scientific Discovery and Commercial Practice

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene K. Blythe ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
Ken M. Tilt ◽  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Cutting Propagation ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

Abstract The discovery of auxins as plant growth regulating chemicals in the 1930s and their ability to stimulate adventitious rooting in stem cuttings marked a major milestone in the modern history of plant propagation. Basic and applied research conducted during the past 70 years has provided information regarding absorption and translocation of auxin in cuttings, as well as the effects of timing of auxin application, methods of auxin application, type of auxin, and concentration of auxin on the rooting response of cuttings. The basal quick-dip method, the powder application method, and the dilute soak method have been the most commonly used methods for applying auxin to cuttings in commercial horticulture over the past 7 decades, with the first two methods still in common use today. In addition, a wide variety of other auxin application methods have been reported beginning in the 1930s and continuing to the present. Some of these methods remain primarily of historical interest, several find limited use in commercial horticulture, and others show potential for greater use in the future. Opportunities exist for further development of auxin application techniques that can enhance plant quality, efficiency and productivity of the cutting propagation process, and worker safety. This review provides horticulturists, from the academic researcher to the commercial propagator, with an exploration of auxin application methods over the past 70 years, along with an examination of the physiological response of cuttings to applied auxin and an overview of issues leading to future opportunities.

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