scholarly journals IBA Formulation, Concentration, and Stock Plant Growth Stage Affect Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Viburnum rufidulum

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Jason J. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Plant Growth Stages

Abstract Viburnum rufidulum Raf. (southern or rusty blackhaw) has potential to be a popular landscape plant as it is an attractive large shrub tolerant of many common landscape stresses. However, propagation difficulties have thus far limited wide scale use. Therefore, the influence of IBA formulation and concentration on adventitious rooting of stem cuttings of southern blackhaw taken at different stock plant growth stages throughout the year were investigated. Liquid formulations of the potassium salt (K-salt) of indolebutyric acid (K-IBA) at 0, 3000, 6000, or 9000 ppm (0, 0.3, 0.6, or 0.9%) as well as talc formulations of IBA at 1000, 3000, or 8000 ppm (0.1, 0.3 or 0.8%) were utilized. Talc formulations failed to stimulate rooting regardless of concentration or growth stage. A quick-dip of K-IBA increased rooting percentage at all growth stages. Softwood and hardwood cuttings had the highest rooting percentages. Hardwood cuttings treated with 6000 ppm (0.6%) or 9000 ppm (0.9%) rooted 90 and 100%, respectively. Softwood cuttings treated with 6000 ppm (0.6%) rooted 87%. K-IBA improved root number per rooted cutting for softwood cuttings, whereas root length was unaffected by K-IBA at any growth stage.

scholarly journals Propagation of Thuja x ‘Green Giant’ by Stem Cuttings: Effects of Growth Stage, Type of Cutting, and IBA Treatment

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-214
Author(s):  
Jason J. Griffin ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
First Order ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Plant Growth Stages

Abstract Stem cuttings of Thuja L. x ‘Green Giant’ (‘Green Giant’ arborvitae), consisting of 22 cm (8.6 in) terminals (tips of first-order laterals) or 20 cm (7.8 in) laterals (side shoots removed from those portions of terminal cuttings inserted into the rooting medium), were collected on three dates associated with specific stock plant growth stages (softwood, semi-hardwood, and hardwood) and treated with indolebutyric acid (IBA) in 50% isopropanol ranging from 0 to 9000 ppm (0.9%). Regardless of cutting type or auxin treatment, cuttings rooted in high percentages at each growth stage. Overall rooting for softwood, semi-hardwood, and hardwood, cuttings was 85%, 86%, and 96%, respectively. Semi-hardwood cuttings were the only cuttings in which percent rooting was affected by IBA treatment or cutting type, with lateral cuttings rooting in higher percentages than terminal cuttings (92% vs. 79%, respectively), while IBA concentrations of 3000 (0.3%) or 6000 ppm (0.6%) proved optimal for both cutting types. Mean root number and mean root length varied by growth stage, cutting type, and IBA concentration. In general, rooting percentages and root length were optimized at the hardwood stage with either cutting type treated with 3000, 6000 or 9000 ppm (0.3%, 0.6% or 0.9%) IBA, resulting in >10 roots per cutting.

scholarly journals Propagation of Ulmus parvifolia ‘Emerald Prairie’ by Stem Cuttings

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Jason J. Griffin ◽  
Kenneth R. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Ulmus Parvifolia ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Terminal Shoot

Abstract Stem cuttings of Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. ‘Emerald Prairie’ (‘Emerald Prairie’ lacebark elm), consisting of 7.5 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in) terminal shoot portions, were collected four times throughout the year from mature stock plants and treated with the potassium (K) salt of indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA) ranging from 0 to 20,000 ppm (2.0%). Rooting percentages were affected greatly by K-IBA treatment and stock plant growth stage. Little to no rooting was observed without K-IBA application, whereas overall rooting for treated softwood, early semi-hardwood, late semi-hardwood, and hardwood, cuttings was 92, 86, 87, and 8%, respectively. Mean root number varied by growth stage and K-IBA concentration. Higher concentrations of K-IBA increased the number of roots on rooted cuttings except for hardwood cuttings. In general, rooting percentage and mean root number were highest at the softwood stage with 15,000 or 20,000 ppm (1.5 or 2.0%) K-IBA, resulting in 97% rooting and 15 or 22 roots per rooted cutting, respectively. However, leaf abscission was high on softwood cuttings. Semi-hardwood cuttings achieved similar rooting percentages and may exhibit better survival and growth due to greater leaf retention.

Propagation of Thuja × `Green Giant' by Stem Cuttings: Effects of Growth Stage, Type of Cutting, and IBA Treatment

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 504a-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J. Griffin ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Auxin Treatment

Stem cuttings of Thuja L. × `Green Giant', consisting of 22-cm terminals or 20-cm laterals, were collected on three dates associated with specific growth stages (softwood, semi-hardwood, and hardwood), and treated with indolebutyric acid (IBA) in 50% isopropanol ranging from 0 to 9000 ppm and placed under intermittent mist. Regardless of cutting type or auxin treatment, cuttings rooted in high percentages at each growth stage. Overall rooting was highest for hardwood cuttings (96%) followed by semi-hardwood (86%), and softwood (85%) cuttings. Semi-hardwood cuttings were the only cuttings in which rooting was affected by IBA or cutting type with the greatest rooting (94%) attained using lateral cuttings treated with 6000 or 9000 ppm IBA. Although an interaction occurred between IBA treatment and cutting type for mean root length of hardwood cuttings, only mean root length of semi-hardwood cuttings was influenced by IBA concentration alone with the greatest length (25 mm) achieved with 6000 ppm IBA. An interaction was noted for root count between cutting type and IBA concentrations for softwood cuttings, whereas IBA and cutting type affected independently root count on semi-hardwood cuttings. Treatment with 9000 ppm IBA resulted in 18 roots per rooted cutting whereas lateral cuttings responded with a mean of 16 roots over all IBA concentrations. Root count on hardwood cuttings was affected by IBA treatment only, with 9000 ppm being optimum (14 roots per rooted cutting).

scholarly journals Hormesis with glyphosate depends on coffee growth stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 813-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARDO B. DE CARVALHO ◽  
PEDRO L.C.A. ALVES ◽  
STEPHEN O. DUKE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Almost All

Weed management systems in almost all Brazilian coffee plantations allow herbicide spray to drift on crop plants. In order to evaluate if there is any effect of the most commonly used herbicide in coffee production, glyphosate, on coffee plants, a range of glyphosate doses were applied directly on coffee plants at two distinct plant growth stages. Although growth of both young and old plants was reduced at higher glyphosate doses, low doses caused no effects on growth characteristics of young plants and stimulated growth of older plants. Therefore, hormesis with glyphosate is dependent on coffee plant growth stage at the time of herbicide application.

scholarly journals Shading and IBA Treatment Do Not Improve Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Quercus phillyraeoides ‘Emerald Sentinel’

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-125
Author(s):  
Jason J. Griffin ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Quercus Phillyraeoides

Abstract Shoot tip cuttings of Quercus phillyraeoides A. Gray ‘Emerald Sentinel’ (‘Emerald Sentinel’ oak), in a transitional growth stage between softwood and semi-hardwood, were collected from containerized plants growing under uniform fertility on June 4, 1998. Cuttings were treated with talc formulations of indolebutyric acid (IBA), ranging from 0 to 8000 ppm (0.8%), and placed under intermittent mist with shade levels excluding 0%, 30%, 60% or 90% of full solar irradiance. After 14 weeks, percent rooting averaged 18% and was unaffected by either IBA concentration or shading regime. Similarly, both mean root number per rooted cutting and mean root length were unaffected by IBA concentration or shading. Roots per rooted cutting and mean root length averaged 2.6 and 41 mm (1.6 in), respectively. Results suggest that shading stem cuttings of ‘Emerald Sentinel’ during propagation does not affect rooting.

scholarly journals Dosage of 2,6-Bis (1.1-Dimethylethyl)-4-Methylphenol (BHT) in the Plant ExtractMesembryanthemum crystallinum

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouftira Ibtissem ◽  
Mgaidi Imen ◽  
Sfar Souad
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Plant Growth Stages

A naturally occurring BHT was identified in the leaves of the halophyte plantMesembryanthemum crystallinum. This phenol was extracted in this study by two methods at the different plant growth stages. One of the methods was better for BHT extraction; the concentration of this phenol is plant growth stage dependent. In this study, the floraison stage has the highest BHT concentration. The antioxidant activity of the plant extract was not related to BHT concentration. The higher antioxidant activity is obtained at seedlings stage.

Micropropagation of Stewartia pseudocamellia

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Patrick J. McGuigan ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Surface Sterilization ◽  
Optimal Period ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Node Position

Abstract Single-node explants were excised from shoots of actively growing, 2-year-old seedlings of Stewartia pseudocamellia Maxim. (Japanese stewartia) on three dates associated with specific stock plant growth stages. Following surface sterilization, explants were placed on agar-solidified Woody Plant Medium (WPM) containing either no growth regulators or N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (2iP) at 5.0 or 10.0 ppm (24.6 or 48.2 μM) or 0.025 or 0.05 ppm (0.11 or 0.23 μM) N-phenyl-N-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (TDZ). The most frequent budbreak was noted for explants placed on media containing 2iP at either concentration. Explants cultured at the softwood stage had less contamination and greater budbreak than explants taken from more mature stem tissue. In another study, the three distal, axillary nodes of each shoot were excised at 4-day intervals for 28 days beginning 52 days after stock plants were potted following cold storage at 7C (44F). Explants were surface sterilized and placed on WPM supplemented with 10 ppm (49.2 μM) 2iP either alone or in combination with 3 ppm (8.6 μM) gibberellic acid (GA3). Neither GA3 nor node position influenced budbreak frequency or shoot elongation. Days after potting (stock plant growth stage) influenced frequency of budbreak and shoot elongation with the optimal period for explant collection being 56 to 72 days after stock plants were potted. Elongated shoots (one microcutting per explant) were produced on both media. Microcuttings ≥10 mm (0.4 in) were rooted using ex vitro procedures and acclimatized to greenhouse conditions.

Dinitrogen fixation in Phaseolus vulgaris at low temperatures: interaction of temperature, growth stage, and time of inoculation

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1423-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Rennie ◽  
G. A. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Plant Growth Stages

Nodulation and N2 fixation have not been reported in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) below a temperature of 13 °C but, in southern Alberta, temperatures at planting may be as low as 10 °C. Two varieties of pea beans, 'Aurora' and 'Kentwood,' were inoculated at three growth stages (seeding, primary leaf horizontal, or first trifoliate leaf open) and grown at 10, 12, 14, or 16 °C. Nodulation and acetylene (C2H2) reduction occurred in both varieties at temperatures as low as 10 °C. At the lower temperatures, cold adaptability of the plant for early root growth determined the ability for nodulation and N2 fixation. At higher temperatures, plant-growth stage was a determining factor. 'Aurora' was superior to 'Kentwood' at 10 °C in nodulation, dry matter (DM), N yield, and N2 fixation because of its tolerance to low temperatures during early root growth. Inoculation with Rhizobium phaseoli at more advanced plant-growth stages decreased the time for nodulation at all four temperatures but resulted in higher yield and more N2 fixation in 'Aurora' only at 14 and 16 °C. At 10 °C, inoculation at seeding was more effective than at the other two growth stages for both varieties. Thus plant growth stages and growth temperature both determined the ability of a bean variety to support N2 fixation at various low temperatures.

scholarly journals Propagation of ‘Carolina Sapphire’ Smooth Arizona Cypress by Stem Cuttings: Effects of Growth Stage, Type of Cutting, and IBA Treatment

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Hunter L. Stubbs ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney ◽  
Stuart L. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Auxin Treatment ◽  
Cupressus Arizonica

Abstract Stem cuttings of ‘Carolina Sapphire’ smooth Arizona cypress [Cupressus arizonica var. glabra (Sudw.) Little ‘Carolina Sapphire’] consisting of 30 cm (12 in) terminals or distal [terminal 15 cm (6 in)] and proximal [basal 15 cm (6 in)] halves of 30 cm (12 in) terminals were taken on three dates associated with specific growth stages (semi-hardwood, hardwood, and softwood). Cuttings were treated with indolebutyric acid (IBA) in 50% isopropanol ranging from 0 to 16,000 ppm (1.6%) and placed under intermittent mist. Regardless of cutting type and auxin treatment, cuttings rooted at each growth stage. Overall percent rooting was highest during the hardwood stage (70%), followed by the semi-hardwood stage (44%). Softwood cuttings exhibited the lowest overall rooting (33%). At each growth stage, percent rooting, root count, and root dry weight varied depending on cutting type and IBA treatment. Rooting percentages ≥70% were attained at the semi-hardwood and hardwood growth stages for particular treatment combinations.

scholarly journals Propagation of Quercus myrsinifolia and Quercus canbyi by Stem Cuttings

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. McGuigan ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Transitional Stage ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Adult Growth ◽  
Root Responses ◽  
Evergreen Oak

Abstract Stem cuttings of two clones (clone 1 and 2) of Quercus myrsinifolia Bl. (Chinese evergreen oak), and one clone of Quercus canbyi Trel. (Canby's oak), of seedling origin and in the adult growth phase, were taken on various dates representing specific growth stages. Cuttings of clone 1 of Q. myrsinifolia were collected at the semi-hardwood, hardwood, or softwood stages in addition to a transitional stage between softwood and semi-hardwood. For clone 2, stem cuttings were taken only at the softwood and transitional softwood/semi-hardwood stages. Cuttings of Q. canbyi were collected at the semi-hardwood, hardwood, or softwood stages. Cuttings of both species were treated with 0, 1500 (0.15%), 3000 (0.3%), 6000 (0.6%), or 9000 ppm (0.9%) indolebutyric acid (IBA) in 50% isopropanol. All cuttings were placed in a raised greenhouse bench and rooted under intermittent mist. Semi-hardwood or hardwood cuttings of Q. myrsinifolia or Q. canbyi did not root. Responses of stem cuttings of Q. myrsinifolia to IBA treatment varied by growth stage. For softwood cuttings response to IBA was quadratic with the greatest rooting noted for clones 1 (56%) and 2 (72%) when treated with 1500 and 3000 ppm IBA, respectively. Treatment with IBA had no effect on percent rooting of softwood/semi-hardwood cuttings of clone 1, with rooting ranging from 47% to 58%. However, a linear decrease in rooting in response to IBA was observed fordone 2 with the greatest rooting occurring for the nontreated cuttings (89%). Softwood cuttings of Q. canbyi responded quadratically to IBA treatment, with maximum rooting of 33% noted for cuttings treated with 1500 ppm IBA.

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