Nitrogen Nutrition of Containerized Eastern Redcedar. II. Influence of Stock Plant Fertility on Adventitious Rooting of Stem Cuttings

Hardwood stem cuttings of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.), taken from containerized stock plants fertilized weekly with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, or 640 ppm N, were treated with 7500 ppm IBA and placed under intermittent mist for 12 weeks. Foliar starch and sucrose concentrations within cuttings at time of excision were significantly correlated with percent rooting and root length, respectively. Of the mineral nutrients analyzed (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and B), only B and K were significantly correlated with rooting response. A threshold N level (20 ppm), applied weekly, maximized rooting; higher concentrations decreased response. Although N fertilization of stock plants affected adventitious rooting, there were no significant correlations between foliar N levels and measures of rooting response. Chemical name used: 1 H- indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).

Download Full-text

Vegetative Propagation of Eastern Redcedar by Stem Cuttings

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.12.1272 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (12) ◽

pp. 1272-1274 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Paul H. Henry ◽

Frank A. Blazich ◽

L. Eric Hinesley

Keyword(s):

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Tree Age ◽

Juniperus Virginiana ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Stock Plant ◽

Eastern Redcedar ◽

Crown Position ◽

Cutting Length ◽

Position Type ◽

Old Trees

Studies were conducted to investigate the effects of season (timing), IBA application, genotype, crown position, type of cutting (straight vs. heel), cutting length, and stock plant age upon adventitious rooting of stem cuttings of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.). Genotype had a strong influence on percent rooting, root count, and root length of 4-year-old trees. With trees of this age, percent rooting was maximized (87%) with hardwood cuttings taken in January and treated with 5000 ppm IBA. Crown position from which cuttings were collected did not influence rooting. Straight cuttings, with or without a light wound, rooted at a significantly higher percentage (78%) than heel cuttings (52%). With 30-year-old trees, cuttings from the lower third of the crown rooted at a significantly higher percentage (67%) than cuttings from the middle third (43%). Better rooting was obtained with straight (68%) than heel (47%) cuttings. Cutting length affected rooting, with root count and length highest in longer cuttings. Increased tree age reduced rooting, although cuttings from 40-year-old trees retained substantial rooting capacity. Chemical name used: 1 H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).

Download Full-text

Stock Plant Nutrition Influences the Adventitious Rooting of ‘Rotundifolia’ Holly Stem Cuttings

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-9.2.83 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 83-85

Author(s):

William H. Rein ◽

Robert D. Wright ◽

Dale D. Wolf

Keyword(s):

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Stock Plant ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

Percent Moisture ◽

Growth Activity ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Fertilizer Rates ◽

Treatment Design

Abstract Containerized stock plants of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Rotundifolia’ were liquid-fertilized at least three times per week with nitrogen (N) at five rates (25, 50, 100,200, and 300 mg N/l) and in two forms (100% NH4NO3 or 50% NH4NO3 + 50% urea) in a factorial treatment design. Phosphorus and potassium were included in a constant ratio with N (100 N:15 P:50 K). Leaf and stem percent N levels were suboptimal at the lowest fertilizer rate and excessive at the highest fertilizer rate. Percent rooting of stem cuttings decreased linearly with fertilizer rate. With increasing fertilizer rates, total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) levels increased in leaves and remained constant in stems. Stem cutting percent moisture increased and was highly correlated with fertilizer rate. The form of N applied made no statistical difference in these trends. The decrease in percent rooting with increasing fertilizer rates was attributed to increases in shoot growth activity and decreased tissue maturation.

Download Full-text

Production and Rooting of Shoots Generated from Dormant Stem Sections of Maple Species

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.7.1274 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 1274-1275 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Paul H. Henry ◽

John E. Preece

Keyword(s):

Acer Saccharum ◽

Sugar Maple ◽

Acer Rubrum ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Study Data ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Red Maple ◽

Significant Variability ◽

Rooting Response ◽

Number Of Shoots

Vegetative shoots were forced in the greenhouse from excised stem (branch) sections of dormant Japanese maple (Acer palmatum Thunb.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). Softwood shoots generated in this way were used as stem cuttings in a subsequent adventitious rooting study. Data indicate that maple shoots can be forced using this technique, but that both the percentage of stem sections forming shoots and the number of shoots produced are highly variable among both species and clones. Whereas Japanese and red maple formed shoots on >50% of stem sections, shoots were generated on only 20% of sugar maple stem sections. Significant variability was also observed in rooting response, with red maple shoots rooting at much higher percentages (60%) than either Japanese maple (26%) or sugar maple (15%).

Download Full-text

Rooting and Lateral Shoot Elongation of Verbena Following Benzylaminopurine Application

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.26.4.391 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 391-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sven E. Svenson

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Shoot Elongation ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Stock Plant ◽

Lateral Shoot ◽

Rooting Zone ◽

Nodal Roots ◽

Lateral Bud ◽

Rooting Response

Rooting and growth of Verbena cuttings (Verbena × hybrids Voss) were measured to determine response to foliar-applied benzylaminopurine (BA). There was no rooting response to BA application when visible nodal roots were present at the base of the cutting. There was no response to 30, 100, or 300 mg BA/liter applied to the foliage 48 or 96 hours after excision from the stock plant. Rooting-zone dry mass, total cutting dry mass, and number of roots were increased by 30 mg BA/liter applied immediately after excision when there were no visible nodal roots at the base of the cuttings. Foliar application of BA at 10 or 30 mg·liter-1 increased lateral bud elongation of subsequently rooted shoots by 20% and 49%, respectively. Application of BA during cutting propagation to enhance subsequent lateral bud elongation does not appear to inhibit rooting in Verbena stem cuttings. Chemical name used: 6-benzylaminopurine (BA).

Download Full-text

Cover Crop and Tillage Effects on Production and Nitrogen Nutrition of Sweet Corn

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.669d ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 669d-669

Author(s):

Gary R. Cline ◽

Anthony F. Silvernail

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Nitrogen Nutrition ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Winter Rye ◽

No Tillage ◽

Corn Production ◽

Total N ◽

Foliar N

A split-plot factorial experiment examined effects of tillage and winter cover crops on sweet corn. Main plots received tillage or no tillage. Cover crops consisted of hairy vetch, winter rye, or a mix, and N treatments consisted of plus or minus N fertilization. No significant effects of tillage on sweet corn yields were detected. Following corn not receiving inorganic N, vetch produced cover crop total N yields of 130 kg·ha–1 that were over three-times greater than those obtained with rye. Following rye winter covercrops, addition of ammonium nitrate to corn significantly (P < 0.05) increased corn yields and foliar N concentrations compared to treatments not receiving N. However, following vetch, corn yields and foliar N concentrations obtained without N fertilization equaled those obtained with N fertilization following rye or vetch. Available soil N was significantly (P < 0.05) greater following vetch compared to rye for ≈9 weeks after corn planting and peaked ≈4 weeks after planting. It was concluded that no-tillage sweet corn was successful and N fixed by vetch was able to sustain sweet corn production.

Download Full-text

Propagation Medium Moisture Level Influences Adventitious Rooting of Woody Stem Cuttings

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.116.4.632 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 116 (4) ◽

pp. 632-636 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

William H. Rein ◽

Robert D. Wright ◽

John R. Seiler

Keyword(s):

Water Uptake ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Moisture Level ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Stock Plant ◽

Xylem Water Potential ◽

Basal Rot ◽

Species Incidence ◽

Propagation Medium

Stem cuttings of Blue Rug juniper (Juniperus horizontalis Moench `Wiltonii'), `Hino-Crimson' azalea [Rhododendron (Lindl.) P1anch `Hino-Crimson'], and `Helleri' holly (Ilex crenata Thunb. `Helleri') were propagated in 1 peat: 1 perlite (v/v) at one of five moisture levels based on medium dry weight (125%, 250%, 375%, 500%, or 625%). Cutting survival and percentage of rooted cuttings were highest at the highest medium moisture level in all three species. Incidence of cutting basal rot was not directly related to medium moisture level, but more to the growth stage of the stock plant. Midday xylem water potential (ψ) of cuttings for each species was highest in the wettest propagation medium and lowest in the driest medium. During propagation, stem cutting ψ below - 2.0 MPa occurred even in the wettest medium tested, and frequently reached - 4.0 MPa in cuttings in the driest treatment (125%). Basal water uptake by cuttings was highest in the wettest medium moisture level. Water uptake was highest during the first few days after insertion, and thereafter decreased until root emergence.

Download Full-text

Rooting Stem Cuttings of Herbaceous and Woody Ornamentals in Substrates Containing Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana)

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-33.4.155 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 155-159

Author(s):

Justin A. Brock ◽

Jason J. Griffin ◽

Cheryl R. Boyer

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Peat Moss ◽

Juniperus Virginiana ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Root Number ◽

Eastern Redcedar ◽

Hedera Helix ◽

Solenostemon Scutellarioides ◽

Ornamental Species

Propagation substrates can strongly influence rooting success of stem cuttings. Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) chips (ERC) have been suggested as a propagation substrate component. This study investigated ERC as a perlite substitute in a perlite:sphagnum peat moss (3:1 v/v) rooting substrate. Stem cuttings of coleus [Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd], English ivy (Hedera helix L.), forsythia (Forsythia ×intermedia Zab.), lantana (Lantana camara L.), and spreading euonymus (Euonymus kiautschovicus Loes.) were rooted in substrates containing increasing concentrations of ERC hammer-milled to pass a 4.8 mm (0.19 in) screen. All species rooted well (≥ 95%) in all substrates except forsythia which rooted poorly in all substrates (8 to 36%). ERC concentration did not affect mean root number or mean root length in any species except spreading euonymus where mean root number peaked at 0 and 100% ERC content and mean root length decreased with increasing ERC content. Bulk density, container capacity, and total porosity increased as ERC replaced perlite. Physical properties of all substrates were suitable for cutting propagation. ERC can effectively replace perlite in rooting substrates for many ornamental species.

Download Full-text

Nitrogen Nutrition of Containerized Eastern Redcedar. I. Growth, Mineral Nutrient Concentrations, and Carbohydrate Status

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.117.4.563 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 117 (4) ◽

pp. 563-567 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paul H. Henry ◽

Frank A. Blazich ◽

L. Eric Hinesley ◽

Robert D. Wright

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Nutrition ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Juniperus Virginiana ◽

Eastern Redcedar ◽

Containerized Seedlings ◽

Foliar Concentrations ◽

Carbohydrate Status

Containerized seedlings of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) were fertilized weekly for 175 days with a solution containing 50 ppm P, 150 ppm K, and either 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, or 640 ppm N. Plant height, stem diameter, and shoot and root dry weights increased asymptotically with applied N; 640 ppm N diminished response. Growth after 175 (height, stem diameter) and 180 (shoot and root dry weights) days was optimal (90% of maximum) at N concentrations of 115, 155, 230, and 105 ppm, respectively, 1.5% foliar N optimized height growth. Foliar concentrations of N, P, and K increased in treated plants over the duration of the experiment, while Ca, Mg, and Mn decreased or remained constant. Starch concentration of fertilized plants decreased sharply after initiation of the experiment, but controls showed little change during the first 120 days. Sucrose concentration remained constant over the summer but increased sharply in late fall. At 180 days, foliar concentrations of starch, sucrose, hexose, N, P, K, and B increased asymptotically with applied N; concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Mn decreased.

Download Full-text

Influence of Stock Plant Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Content on Rooting Stem Cuttings of Hedged Loblolly Pine

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.566d ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 566d-566

Author(s):

D.B. Rowe ◽

F.A. Blazich ◽

D.M. Pharr ◽

F.C. Wise

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Tissue Concentration ◽

Dry Weight ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Stock Plant ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Quadratic Response ◽

Pinus Taeda L

Containerized, 2.5-year-old, hedged stock plants of four, full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were fertilized daily with a complete nutrient solution containing 10, 25, 40, 55, or 70 ppm N, which resulted in a range of stock plant soluble carbohydrate (SCHO) and tissue N levels. SCHOs included myo-inositol, glucose, fructose, sucrose, and raffinose. Nitrogen concentrations and SCHO: N ratios ranged from 1.23% to 2.24% and 16:1 to 29:1, respectively. Softwood cuttings were taken in May and July 1995 and placed under intermittent mist. May cuttings rooted at significantly greater percentages than July cuttings (60% vs. 34%). Averaged over all N treatments, the best rooting family (56%) contained the highest tissue concentration of SCHOs (465 mg·g–1 dry weight) and had the highest SCHO: N ratio (26:1), whereas, the poorest rooting family (39%), exhibited the lowest level of SCHOs (357 mg·g–1 dry weight) and the lowest SCHO: N ratio (21:1). Rooting exhibited a quadratic response in regards to N fertilization levels and tissue SCHO concentrations. For both rooting trials, maximum rooting (83%) was noted for May cuttings taken from stock plants of one family fertilized with 40 ppm N, which corresponded to a tissue N concentration of 1.95% and a SCHO: N ratio of 22:1.

Download Full-text

IBA Formulation, Concentration, and Stock Plant Growth Stage Affect Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Viburnum rufidulum

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-26.1.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Jason J. Griffin

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Stock Plant ◽

Indolebutyric Acid ◽

Rooted Cutting ◽

Landscape Plant ◽

Plant Growth Stages

Abstract Viburnum rufidulum Raf. (southern or rusty blackhaw) has potential to be a popular landscape plant as it is an attractive large shrub tolerant of many common landscape stresses. However, propagation difficulties have thus far limited wide scale use. Therefore, the influence of IBA formulation and concentration on adventitious rooting of stem cuttings of southern blackhaw taken at different stock plant growth stages throughout the year were investigated. Liquid formulations of the potassium salt (K-salt) of indolebutyric acid (K-IBA) at 0, 3000, 6000, or 9000 ppm (0, 0.3, 0.6, or 0.9%) as well as talc formulations of IBA at 1000, 3000, or 8000 ppm (0.1, 0.3 or 0.8%) were utilized. Talc formulations failed to stimulate rooting regardless of concentration or growth stage. A quick-dip of K-IBA increased rooting percentage at all growth stages. Softwood and hardwood cuttings had the highest rooting percentages. Hardwood cuttings treated with 6000 ppm (0.6%) or 9000 ppm (0.9%) rooted 90 and 100%, respectively. Softwood cuttings treated with 6000 ppm (0.6%) rooted 87%. K-IBA improved root number per rooted cutting for softwood cuttings, whereas root length was unaffected by K-IBA at any growth stage.

Download Full-text