scholarly journals The role of concurrent engineering in resilient critical infrastructures during disasters

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1290
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Nekooie
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Concurrent Engineering ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
Resilient Response ◽  
Rescue And Relief ◽  
Information Interchange

The world has complex mega-cities and interdependent infrastructures. This complication in infrastructure relations makes it sensitive to disasters and failures. Cascading failure causes blackouts for the whole system of infrastructures during disasters and the lack of performance of the emergency management stakeholders is clear during a disaster due to the complexity of the system. This research aimed to develop a new concurrent engineering model following the total recovery effort. The objectives of this research were to identify the clustered intervention utilized in the field of resilience and developing a cross-functional intervention network to enhance the resilience of societies during a disaster. Content analysis was employed to classify and categorize the intervention in the main divisions and sub-divisions and the grouping of stakeholders. The transposing system was employed to develop an integrated model. The result of this research showed that the operations division achieved the highest weight of information interchange during the response to improve the resilience of the system. The committee of logistics and the committee of rescue and relief needed the widest bandwidth of information flow in the concurrent engineering (CE) model. The contributed CE model helped the stakeholders provide a resilient response system. The final model and the relative share value of exchanging information for each workgroup can speed up recovery actions. This research found that concurrent engineering (CE) is a viable concept to be implemented as a strategy for emergency management. The result of this research can help policymakers achieve a collaborative teamwork environment and to improve resilience factors during emergency circumstances for critical infrastructures.

scholarly journals Orchestrating through Whirlwind: Identified Challenges and Resilience Factors of Incident Management Teams during Hurricane Harvey

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 899-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changwon Son ◽  
Farzan Sasangohar ◽  
S. Camille Peres ◽  
Timothy J. Neville ◽  
Jukrin Moon
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Management Teams ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Emergency Personnel ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
Common Operating Picture

While resilience in emergency management has been studied at the macro- (government) and micro-levels (individual field responder), little is known for resilience of incident management teams (IMTs). To investigate challenges and resilience factors of IMTs, this paper documents thematic analysis of 10 interviews with emergency personnel who responded to Hurricane Harvey in 2017. Themes emerged in four categories: goals, challenges, resilience factors, and technical tools of IMTs. Given similar goals but unique challenges during Harvey, IMTs sought to establish and maintain a common operating picture to make sense of evolving situations and make decisions adaptively. Various technical tools were used providing different functionalities, but a need for technology to reduce cognitive load was indicated. Findings of this study will inform the development of more resilient IMTs in future disasters.

scholarly journals Emergency Management in Critical Infrastructures: A Complex-Event-Processing Paradigm

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vuk Mijović ◽  
Nikola Tomašević ◽  
Valentina Janev ◽  
Mladen Stanojević ◽  
Sanja Vraneš
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Complex Event Processing ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Event Processing

scholarly journals Sociotechnical Network Analysis for Power Grid Resilience in South Korea

Complexity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Eisenberg ◽  
Jeryang Park ◽  
Thomas P. Seager
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Smart Systems

International efforts to improve power grid resilience mostly focus on technological solutions to reduce the probability of losses by designing hardened, automated, redundant, and smart systems. However, how well a system recovers from failures depends on policies and protocols for human and organizational coordination that must be considered alongside technological analyses. In this work, we develop a sociotechnical network analysis that considers technological and human systems together to support improved blackout response. We construct corresponding infrastructure and social network models for the Korean power grid and analyze them with betweenness to identify critical infrastructures and emergency management organizations. Power grid network analysis reveals important power companies and emergency management headquarters for responding to infrastructure losses, where social network analysis reveals how information-sharing and decision-making authority shifts among these organizations. We find that separate analyses provide relevant yet incomplete recommendations for improving blackout management protocols. In contrast, combined results recommend explicit ways to improve response by connecting key owner, operator, and emergency management organizations with the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy. Findings demonstrate that both technological and social analyses provide important information for power grid resilience, and their combination is necessary to avoid unintended consequences for future blackout events.

scholarly journals Emergency Management and Tourism Stakeholder Responses to Crises

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeganeh Morakabati ◽  
Stephen J. Page ◽  
John Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Delphi Exercise ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Scenario Technique ◽  
Disaster Scenario ◽  
Industry Sectors

This article examines the contested area of the responsibility for destinations and tourists, within emergency settings. It incorporates a Delphi-Scenario technique to facilitate a structured discussion of emergency management for different destination stakeholders. The Delphi exercise engaged 123 senior international stakeholders, from 9 different industry sectors, across 34 countries to provide a global perspective. The study’s principal focus is on the notion of emergency management, to identify the challenges that stakeholders would face within a disaster scenario. The exercise asked stakeholders to identify with whom the responsibility rests for 18 distinct disaster-related activities. The study proposes a responsibility allocation building-block framework that could help speed up the emergency management responses by “knowing who is going to do what” with a particular focus on dealing with international tourists as a community in a disaster zone.

scholarly journals Upgrading of the Westinghouse 501FA Row 2 Vane Segment to the 501FC Design

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Beiswenger ◽  
John Bonsall ◽  
Joseph Janssen ◽  
Matthew Kizer
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Concurrent Engineering ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Game Plan ◽  
Complicated Part

Early in 1995, Westinghouse decided to seize an opportunity to speed up the implementation of a design upgrade for the 501FA Row 2 vane segment. The planned upgrade of this vane segment had been in the conceptual design stage for a few months. Normally, this type of modification would be planned and implemented over many months. In order to achieve the desired performance goals and meet the customer’s delivery requirements this project would have to move very quickly. The project time frame required that from the conceptual drawing to start of production be no more than eight weeks. To achieve the accelerated schedule, Westinghouse decided to team with the part machining suppliers to develop a game plan that allowed for true concurrent engineering. The resulting plan was to complete the part design at the same time that all the machining tooling and manufacturing process development was being completed. As a result of combining the resources of the turbine manufacturer with those of the machining vendors, it was possible to implement a complicated part upgrade in a matter of weeks not months. By utilizing 3-D computer models to define the part configuration as well as to build the machining tools and develop the machining process, the team was able to meet the challenge. The final design was optimized for performance as well as ease of manufacturing. This paper describes the triumphs as well as some of the problems that the team encountered along the way to delivering the final engine hardware.

scholarly journals Research on Intelligent Supply Chain Management Under Unconventional Emergencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 03015
Author(s):  
Yonghui Cao ◽  
He Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Face ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Important Means

The harm of unconventional emergencies is increasingly prominent, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of society. Therefore, how to effectively deal with all kinds of unconventional emergencies and improve the ability of emergency management in the face of unconventional emergencies has attracted extensive attention from all walks of life. Therefore, the establishment of a sound emergency intelligent supply chain system is an important means to speed up the development of China’s emergency industry and enhance the emergency support capacity of government. This paper mainly analyzes the problems existing in China’s logistics system under unconventional emergencies, and puts forward the necessity and specific measures of introducing intelligent supply chain under unconventional emergencies.

Scanning x-ray fluorescence microscopy and principal component analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1752-1753
Author(s):  
Brian Cross
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fluorescence Microscope ◽  
Acquisition Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Speed Up

A relatively new entry, in the field of microscopy, is the Scanning X-Ray Fluorescence Microscope (SXRFM). Using this type of instrument (e.g. Kevex Omicron X-ray Microprobe), one can obtain multiple elemental x-ray images, from the analysis of materials which show heterogeneity. The SXRFM obtains images by collimating an x-ray beam (e.g. 100 μm diameter), and then scanning the sample with a high-speed x-y stage. To speed up the image acquisition, data is acquired "on-the-fly" by slew-scanning the stage along the x-axis, like a TV or SEM scan. To reduce the overhead from "fly-back," the images can be acquired by bi-directional scanning of the x-axis. This results in very little overhead with the re-positioning of the sample stage. The image acquisition rate is dominated by the x-ray acquisition rate. Therefore, the total x-ray image acquisition rate, using the SXRFM, is very comparable to an SEM. Although the x-ray spatial resolution of the SXRFM is worse than an SEM (say 100 vs. 2 μm), there are several other advantages.

Direct measurement of electron-diffraction-pattern intensities using an energy loss spectrometer

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 668-669
Author(s):  
A. G. Jackson ◽  
M. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Scattering Amplitude ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Site Symmetry ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Parallel Acquisition ◽  
Kinematic Approximation ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Structure Calculations

Diffraction intensities from intermetallic compounds are, in the kinematic approximation, proportional to the scattering amplitude from the element doing the scattering. More detailed calculations have shown that site symmetry and occupation by various atom species also affects the intensity in a diffracted beam. [1] Hence, by measuring the intensities of beams, or their ratios, the occupancy can be estimated. Measurement of the intensity values also allows structure calculations to be made to determine the spatial distribution of the potentials doing the scattering. Thermal effects are also present as a background contribution. Inelastic effects such as loss or absorption/excitation complicate the intensity behavior, and dynamical theory is required to estimate the intensity value.The dynamic range of currents in diffracted beams can be 104or 105:1. Hence, detection of such information requires a means for collecting the intensity over a signal-to-noise range beyond that obtainable with a single film plate, which has a S/N of about 103:1. Although such a collection system is not available currently, a simple system consisting of instrumentation on an existing STEM can be used as a proof of concept which has a S/N of about 255:1, limited by the 8 bit pixel attributes used in the electronics. Use of 24 bit pixel attributes would easily allowthe desired noise range to be attained in the processing instrumentation. The S/N of the scintillator used by the photoelectron sensor is about 106 to 1, well beyond the S/N goal. The trade-off that must be made is the time for acquiring the signal, since the pattern can be obtained in seconds using film plates, compared to 10 to 20 minutes for a pattern to be acquired using the digital scan. Parallel acquisition would, of course, speed up this process immensely.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document