scholarly journals The Impact of Undiagnosed Synaesthesia on the Interpretation of Structural and Functional MRI Images Connectivity Maps and Resulting Diagnoses

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 7227-7234
Author(s):  
Nourhan Zayed
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Synathesia is a condition in which stimulation of a sensory modality triggers another sensation in the alike or an unalike sensory modality. Currently, synaesthesia is deemed a neurological condition that engages unwanted transfer of signals between brain regions from one sense to another “crosstalk activation”. The probability that undiagnosed synaesthesia may impact the results of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Diffusion Tensor imaging (DTI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and resting state connectivity studies is high, given the multiple anatomical and functional connections within the brain. In this paper, the currently available literature to mark which sensations adjured by synaesthesia and how could this impact MRI different modalities. Our study found that synaesthesia can have an opaque impact on fMRI studies of sensory, memory and cognitive functions, and there is testimony to suggest structural connections in the brain are also mutated DTI measurements especially, it shows enhanced structural connectivity for synesthetes between brain regions, higher Fractional anisotropy (FA), as well as increased in the white matter integrity between some regions.. Given the low dispersal of synaesthesia, the likelihood of synaesthesia being a perplexing factor in DTI, fMRI studies of patient groups is small; however, determining the existence of synaesthesia is paramount for investigating individual patients especially Shizoherenia, and autistic patients.

scholarly journals Advanced techniques in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in children with ADHD

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (2a) ◽  
pp. 242-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Pastura ◽  
Paulo Mattos ◽  
Emerson Leandro Gasparetto ◽  
Alexandra Prufer de Queiroz Campos Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Volumetry ◽  
Aged Child ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects about 5% of school-aged child. Previous published works using different techniques of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have demonstrated that there may be some differences between the brain of people with and without this condition. This review aims at providing neurologists, pediatricians and psychiatrists an update on the differences between the brain of children with and without ADHD using advanced techniques of magnetic resonance imaging such as diffusion tensor imaging, brain volumetry and cortical thickness, spectroscopy and functional MRI. Data was obtained by a comprehensive, non-systematic review of medical literature. The regions with a greater number of abnormalities are splenium of the corpus callosum, cingulated girus, caudate nucleus, cerebellum, striatum, frontal and temporal cortices. The brain regions where abnormalities are observed in studies of diffusion tensor, volumetry, spectroscopy and cortical thickness are the same involved in neurobiological theories of ADHD coming from studies with functional magnetic resonance imaging.

scholarly journals Processing the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the PING dataset

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor B Al-Sharif ◽  
Etienne St-Onge ◽  
Guillaume Theaud ◽  
Alan C Evans ◽  
Maxime Descoteaux
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Brain

AbstractDiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) allows for the in-vivo assessment of anatomical white matter in the brain, thus allowing the depiction of structural connectivity. Using structural processing techniques and related methods, a growing body of literature has illustrated that connectomics is a crucial aspect to assessing the brain in health and disease. The Pediatric Imaging Neurocognition and Genetics (PING) dataset was collected and released openly to contribute to the assessment of typical brain development in a pediatric sample. This current work details the processing of diffusion-weighted images from the PING dataset, including rigorous quality assessment and fine-tuning of parameters at every step, to increase the accessibility of these data for connectomic analysis. This processing provides state-of-the-art diffusion measures, both classical diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and more advanced HARDI-based metrics, enabling the evaluation not only of structural white matter but also of integrated multimodal analyses, i.e. combining structural information from dMRI with functional or gray matter analyses.

scholarly journals Brain Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Highlights Altered Connections and Functional Networks in Patients With Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1480-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Carnevale ◽  
Angelo Maffei ◽  
Alessandro Landolfi ◽  
Giovanni Grillea ◽  
Daniela Carnevale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network ◽  
The Brain

Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for vascular dementia and Alzheimer disease. To predict the onset of these diseases, it is necessary to develop tools to detect the early effects of vascular risk factors on the brain. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging can investigate how the brain modulates its resting activity and analyze how hypertension impacts cerebral function. Here, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore brain functional-hemodynamic coupling across different regions and their connectivity in patients with hypertension, as compared to subjects with normotension. In addition, we leveraged multimodal imaging to identify the signature of hypertension injury on the brain. Our study included 37 subjects (18 normotensives and 19 hypertensives), characterized by microstructural integrity by diffusion tensor imaging and cognitive profile, who were subjected to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis. We mapped brain functional connectivity networks and evaluated the connectivity differences among regions, identifying the altered connections in patients with hypertension compared with subjects with normotension in the (1) dorsal attention network and sensorimotor network; (2) dorsal attention network and visual network; (3) dorsal attention network and frontoparietal network. Then we tested how diffusion tensor imaging fractional anisotropy of superior longitudinal fasciculus correlates with the connections between dorsal attention network and default mode network and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores with a widespread network of functional connections. Finally, based on our correlation analysis, we applied a feature selection to highlight those most relevant to describing brain injury in patients with hypertension. Our multimodal imaging data showed that hypertensive brains present a network of functional connectivity alterations that correlate with cognitive dysfunction and microstructural integrity. Registration— URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02310217.

Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Rapid and Reversible Changes in the Brain Following Induction of Psoriasiform Dermatitis in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Xiping Liu ◽  
Yasutomo Imai ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Sebastian Yu ◽  
Rupeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
The Brain

Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI), a specific form of MRI imaging, quantitatively assesses connectivity between brain regions that share functional properties. Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging has already provided unique insights into changes in the brain in patients with conditions such as depression and pain and symptoms that have been reported by patients with psoriasis and are known to impact quality of life. To identify the central neurological impact of psoriasiform inflammation of the skin, we applied fcMRI analysis to mice that had been topically treated with the Toll-like receptor agonist, imiquimod (IMQ) to induce psoriasiform dermatitis. Brain insula regions, due to their suggested role in stress, were chosen as seed regions for fcMRI analysis. Mouse ear and head skin developed psoriasiform epidermal thickening (up to 4-fold, P < .05) and dermal inflammation after 4 days of topical treatment with IMQ. After fcMRI analysis, IMQ-treated mice showed significantly increased insula fc with wide areas throughout the brain, including, but not limited to, the somatosensory cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and caudate putamen ( P < .005). This reflects a potential central neurological impact of IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. These data indicate that fcMRI may be valuable tool to quantitatively assess the neurological impact of skin inflammation in patients with psoriasis.

Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in very early onset pediatric multiple sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Rocca ◽  
M Sonkin ◽  
M Copetti ◽  
E Pagani ◽  
DL Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Active myelination during childhood may influence the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) on brain structural integrity. We studied normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in children with MS onset before age 12 years using diffusion tensor (DT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: DT MRI scans were obtained from 22 MS children with their first attack before age 12 years, and 31 healthy controls from two referral centers. Using probabilistic tractography, brain tissue integrity within interhemispheric, intrahemispheric, and projection tracts was compared between patients and site-matched controls. The impact of disease and age at MRI on tract NAWM fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values was evaluated using linear models. Results: Compared to controls, pediatric MS patients had reduced FA and increased MD of the bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus and corpus callosum (CC), without center-by-group interaction. CC NAWM average FA was correlated with brain T2 lesion volume. In controls, the majority of the tracts analyzed showed a significant increase of FA and decrease of MD with age. Such a linear correlation was lost in patients. Conclusions: In very young pediatric MS patients, DT MRI abnormalities affect brain WM tracts differentially, and are only partially correlated with focal WM lesions. Impaired maturation of WM tracts with age may be an additional factor contributing to these findings.

scholarly journals Alteration of Diffusion-Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures in Brain Regions Involved in Early Stages of Parkinson's Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan-Kuei Chen ◽  
Ying-Hui Chou ◽  
Mark Sundman ◽  
Patrick Hickey ◽  
Willard S. Kasoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Early Stages

scholarly journals Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain in APP Transgenic Mice: A Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. e67630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Müller ◽  
Jan Kassubek ◽  
Ina Vernikouskaya ◽  
Albert C. Ludolph ◽  
Detlef Stiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Brain

ASSOCIATION ASSESSMENT BETWEEN DIFFUSION TENSOR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING INDICES AND CLINICAL DISABILITIES IN MS PATIENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 1650034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vania Karami ◽  
Rasoul Mahdavifar Khayati ◽  
S. Massood Nabavi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Black Holes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) has the ability to gather information on tissue microstructure by using the indices that quantify the anisotropy of water diffusion in tissues. This study was designed to find out the impact of patient clinical disability on diffusion tensor (DT) indices. Method: In this paper, images were generated from the data acquired at 3T among 25 MS patients (mean age [Formula: see text] years old). DT indices including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), relative anisotropy (RA), and volume ratio (VR) of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions are calculated and the correlation between Kurtzke expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score and the values of DT indices of 25 MS patients lesions are obtained. The correlation comparison procedure is done between the EDSS scores and DT indices in MS lesions attained, respectively, from fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images and black holes of T1-weighted (T1-w) images. Results: EDSS scores and DT indices of MS lesions extracted from the black holes present in T1-w images are more correlated in comparison with those extracted from FLAIR images. It is found that MD has a significant correlation with EDSS in both types of images. The results of FLAIR image processing indicates that any increase in EDSS leads to decreasing FA and RA on one hand and increasing MD and VR on the other hand. The correlation between the identical size of lesions in different parts of brain with EDSS shows that the location of lesion in brain also has a correlation with EDSS. Conclusion: The results showed, MD is the best biomarker of clinical disability between these four DT indices. It is also concluded that the correlation between DT indices of frontal brain lesions and EDSS is higher than the other selected brain parts.

Developmental disruptions in neural connectivity in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1297-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine H. Karlsgodt ◽  
Daqiang Sun ◽  
Amy M. Jimenez ◽  
Evan S. Lutkenhoff ◽  
Rachael Willhite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Small Animal Imaging ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Resonance Imaging

AbstractSchizophrenia has been thought of as a disorder of reduced functional and structural connectivity. Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, structural magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and small animal imaging have advanced our ability to investigate this hypothesis. Moreover, the power of longitudinal designs possible with these noninvasive techniques enable the study of not just how connectivity is disrupted in schizophrenia, but when this disruption emerges during development. This article reviews genetic and neurodevelopmental influences on structural and functional connectivity in human populations with or at risk for schizophrenia and in animal models of the disorder. We conclude that the weight of evidence across these diverse lines of inquiry points to a developmental disruption of neural connectivity in schizophrenia and that this disrupted connectivity likely involves susceptibility genes that affect processes involved in establishing intra- and interregional connectivity.

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