scholarly journals Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: A Study of High Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow Firms

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2724-2731
Author(s):  
Dan Lin ◽  
Lu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Agency Costs ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Free Cash Flow Hypothesis ◽  
Free Cash Flows

Excessive free cash flows can lead to high agency problems as retaining free cash flow reduces the ability of capital market to monitor managers. Managers are also likely to waste the free cash flow on value-decreasing investments. Based on the free cash flow hypothesis, this study examines the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance of a sample of high agency costs of free cash flow firms, which is defined as firms that have high free cash flow and low investment opportunities. The sample firms are extracted from firms listed on the S&P/TSX composite index between 2009 and 2012. Using corporate governance scores provided by The Globe and Mail, this study finds that better corporate governance is associated with better firm performance, measured by return on equity. The results highlight the importance of corporate governance in protecting shareholders’ interests.

scholarly journals Corporate Governance and Firm Free Cash Flows: Evidence from Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 531-537
Author(s):  
Razieh Adinehzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanism ◽  
Free Cash Flows ◽  
The Relationship

This study provides view of free cash flow and corporate governance (CG) by addressing the relationship between audit committee characteristics with free cash flow. Specifically, this study explores whether audit committee characteristics are substitutes to control agency problem regarding to free cash flow within Malaysian firms. The data set comprise of 200 firm observations Malaysian companies for four consecutive years, which comprise of 2005 to 2008. The results show that size of audit committee, frequency of audit committee meeting, proportion of audit committee independence is positively associated with level of free cash flow (FCF). The results of study highlight the importance of corporate governance mechanism, in the form of audit committee characteristics, in the management of cash flow.

Earnings Versus Cash Flows: The Valuation Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megha Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Price Earnings Ratio ◽  
Free Cash Flows

This paper is an effort to compare the earnings based and cash flow based methods of valuation of an enterprise. The theoretically equivalent methods based on either earnings such as Residual Earnings Model (REM), Abnormal Earnings Growth Model (AEGM), Residual Operating Income Method (ReOIM), Abnormal Operating Income Growth Model (AOIGM) and its extensions multipliers such as Price/Earnings Ratio, Price/Book Value Ratio; or cash flow based models such as Dividend Valuation Method (DVM) and Free Cash Flow method (FCFM) all provide different estimates of valuation of the Indian giant corporate Reliance India Limited (RIL). An ex-post analysis of published accounting and financial data for four financial years from 2008-09 to 2011-12 has been conducted. A comparison of these valuation estimates with the actual market capitalization of the company shows that the complex accounting based model AOIGM provides closest forecasts. These different estimates may be derived due to inconsistencies in discount rate, growth rates and the other forecasted variables. Although inputs for earnings based models may be available to the investor and analysts through published statements, precise estimation of free cash flows may be better undertaken by the internal management. The estimation of value from more stable parameters as Residual operating income and RNOA could be considered superior to the valuations from more volatile return on equity.

scholarly journals Ownership concentration, free cash flow agency problem and future firm performance: New Zealand evidence

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
Haiyan Jiang ◽  
Ahsan Habib
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Agency Problem ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Ownership Concentration ◽  
Free Cash Flows

This study seeks to empirically examine the effect of ownership concentration on mitigating free cash flow agency problem in New Zealand. Following Jensen’s (1986) argument that managers have incentives to misuse free cash flows, this study tests whether concentrated ownership structure helps alleviate such a problem or exacerbates it. A natural consequence of this agency problem will be overinvestment and other operational inefficiencies which are likely to have a detrimental impact on firms’ future performance. The second objective of this paper is to examine the association between FCFAP conditional on ownership concentration on future firm performance. We measure free cash flow agency problem as the product of positive free cash flows and growth opportunities proxied by Tobin’s Q and find that financial institution-controlled ownership structure in New Zealand is positively associated with free cash flow agency problem. We also document that free cash flow agency problem conditional on ownership concentration negatively affects future firm performance.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Free Cash Flows and Corporate Governance Levels in the Light of Agency Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. e3206
Author(s):  
Glaysson Aguilar de Araújo ◽  
Lara Alves Corrêa ◽  
Valéria Gama Fully Bressan ◽  
João Estevão Barbosa Neto ◽  
Bruna Camargos Avelino
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Publicly Traded Companies ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Free Cash Flows

This research analyzes the relationship between free cash flows (FCFs) and the different levels of Corporate Governance present in the Brazilian stock market. To this end, the sample was composed of 212 Brazilian publicly traded companies listed on Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão [B]³, in the period from 2010 to 2018. The methodology consisted of estimating a regression for panel data, using the random effects model, estimating by generalized least square (GLS) and assuming adjustments for autocorrelation and robust standard errors for heteroscedasticity. The results found, for the sample studied, suggest that Corporate Governance levels are positively related to the FCFs. In synergy, when compared to the Traditional level of [B]³, companies listed on the Novo Mercado and Level 2 levels tend to present higher FCF values. In addition, the larger the size of the companies and the higher their return on equity, the higher their FCFs tend to be, just as companies in stages of maturity tend to present lower FCF values. The relevance of this research is based on analyzing, in a stock market subject to imperfections, factors that may affect decisions about the level of cash maintenance of companies, more specifically by evaluating how Corporate Governance mechanisms relate to the theory of FCFs, in a context of potential conflict of interest.

scholarly journals An Interaction between Firm Strategy, Capital Structure and Firm’s Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4(J)) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Suresh Ramakrishnan ◽  
Saqib Muneer . ◽  
Melati Ahmad Anuar .
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Firm Strategy ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Return On Equity

The study tries to determine the association among corporate strategy, social structure and firm performance. In this regard, the monetary reports of 78 companies listed in Karachi Stock Exchange since 2007 to 2014 were scrutinized. In this research, firm strategy (sales growth, liquidity) and capital structure (debt ratio) were used as sovereign variables, and firm performance (return on equity, return on assets, free cash flow for the firm, free cash flow per share) were functional and are used as dependent variables, so to study the affiliation between corporate strategy, capital structure and firm performance within a 8-years period from 2007 to 2014. Secondary data has been used to test the hypotheses; single variable linear regression method was used and their significance was evaluated using Statistics T (t-test) and F (Fisher). The study results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between sales growth variables and two types (among four types) of performance criteria in the study, namely return on equity and return on assets. And there is a positive significant relationship between firm liquidity and three criteria of firm's performance in the study namely return on equity, free cash flow per share and return on assets. Also, debt ratio has a positive significant relationship with free cash flow for firm and a negative significant relationship with return on assets.

scholarly journals Interactions between free cash flow, debt policy and structure of governance: Three stage least square simultaneous model approach: evidence from the Tunisian stock exchange

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Moussa Fatma ◽  
Jameleddine Chichti
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Agency Conflicts ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Free Cash Flows ◽  
Debt Policy ◽  
Simultaneous Model

This research tests the efficiency of the ownership structure and the debt policy as mechanism of resolution of agency conflicts between shareholders and managers due to the problem of overinvestment, in the limitation of the problem of the free cash flow, by estimating three stage least square simultaneous model and on the basis of a sample of 35 non-financial Tunisian listed companies selected for the period 1999–2008. Our results are in favour of the theory of free cash flows of Jensen (1986) that stipulates that the debt policy represents the principal governance mechanism that can limit the risk of free cash flow. However, the ownership concentration and managerial ownership increase the risk of the free cash flow.

An Evaluation of Chinese Firms' Profitability: 2005–2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
James A. Ohlson ◽  
Weining Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Sample Period ◽  
Chinese Firms ◽  
Capital Growth ◽  
Free Cash Flows ◽  
The U.S

SYNOPSIS We empirically examine the profitability of leading Chinese firms, benchmarked against comparable U.S. firms, for the period 2005–2013. Return on invested capital (ROIC), which excludes leverage effects on performance, provides the primary metric. Averaged over firms and years, the two sets of firms have similar profitability, about 11 percent annually. Decomposing ROIC into free cash flow yield and invested capital growth, we show that the same ROIC has very different compositions: while the Chinese firms have high growth and negative free cash flows, the U.S. firms have low growth and positive free cash flows. Due to balance sheet conservatism, we infer that Chinese (U.S.) firms' free cash flow yields and the resulting ROICs have been biased downward (upward). After correcting for the bias, we show that Chinese firms have much higher profitability than their U.S. counterparts: 15.1 percent versus 8.1 percent. This result is driven by the abundance of growth opportunities in China in our sample period. When we control for the growth rates, we find U.S. firms have been more “efficient” in generating more free cash flows than Chinese firms.

Free Cash Flow, Kinerja Internal, Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Irma Sari Permata ◽  
Nana Nawasiah ◽  
Trisnani Indriati
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Corporate Value ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Flow Problems ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Company Value ◽  
Free Cash Flows

The purpose of this study is to answer the phenomena that occur both theoretical phenomena and the empirical phenomenon of potential internal conflicts to the free cash flow of the company and its use for the benefit of increasing corporate value. Such internal conflicts require an appropriate settlement so as not to affect the company's failure. This study examines the role of dividend policy and ownership structure in moderating the relationship between free cash flow and firm value on manufacturing companies listed on BEI as many as 236 companies using randon sampling method. Free cash flows, profitability, firm size have a significant effect on company value while company growth has no significant effect. Dividends and majority ownership and managerial moderate free cash flow against corporate value. The results of this study are expected to generate alternative solutions to free cash flow problems and increase the value of the company.  

scholarly journals Dampak Rasio Keuangan Dan Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Velecia Apriana ◽  
Herman Ruslim
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Current Ratio ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Good Corporate Governance ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression

This study aims to examine the effect of financial ratios (liquidity, profitability, and free cash flow) and good corporate governance (independent board of commissioners) on firm value by using time-series data of property and real estate companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2015-2019. The samples of this study were 33 firms (165 observations). The method used in this study is multiple panel data regression analysis using E-Views 10.0 software. Firm value is measured by Tobin’s Q, liquidity is measured by current ratio, profitability is measured by return on equity, free cash flow is measured by free cash flow ratio, and independent board of commissioners is measured by independent commissioners ratio. The results show that liquidity and free cash flow significantly influence firm value, but profitability and independent board of commissioners do not have any significant influence on firm value. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh rasio keuangan (liquidity, profitability, dan free cash flow) dan good corporate governance (independent board of commissioners) terhadap firm value dengan menggunakan data time-series pada perusahaan property dan real estate yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2015-2019. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 33 perusahaan (165 observasi). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah panel data regression analysis menggunakan software E-Views 10.0. Firm Value diukur menggunakan Tobin’s Q, liquidity diukur menggunakan current ratio, profitability diukur menggunakan return on equity, free cash flow diukur menggunakan free cash flow ratio, dan independent board of commissioners diukur menggunakan independent commissioners ratio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa liquidity dan free cash flow berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, tetapi profitability dan independent board of commissioners tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap firm value.

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