scholarly journals The INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND FUNGAL COMMUNITY ON GROWTH AND SPORULATION OF Diaporthe FROM FRUIT PLANTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Barbara Anna Abramczyk ◽  
Ewa Dorota Król ◽  
Ewa Dorota Zalewska ◽  
Beata Zimowska
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Fruit Plants

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the influence of temperature and fungi colonizing fruit plants on Diaporthe, a pathogenic fungus in Poland. The biotic series method was used to test in vitro the effects of the fungi colonizing fruit trees on isolates of Diaporthe. Among the 13 fungal species tested, six inhibited the growth and development of Diaporthe; while another two species were neutral and the rest showed the lack of limiting impact in relation to the pathogen. Fungi present in the shoots of fruit plants was able to limit the growth and development of Diaporthe spp., both in chemically-protected and non-protected orchards. Studies on the effect of temperature indicated that the optimum temperature for vegetative growth of isolates of Diaporthe ranged from 20°C to 30°C, and for conidial sporulation from 25°C to 30°C. However, the ability of Diaporthe sp. to survive at extreme temperature (–20°C and +35°C) enables their vegetative growth in climatic conditions worldwide.

scholarly journals Morphological Development of Lingonberry as Affected by In Vitro and Ex Vitro Propagation Methods and Source Propagule

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 760-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir C. Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Propagation Methods ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Proliferation

The growth and development of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) plants propagated either by conventional softwood cuttings or by in vitro shoot proliferation from nodal explants and by shoot regeneration from excised leaves of micropropagated shoots, were studied in cultivars `Regal', `Splendor', and `Erntedank'. Significant differences were observed between the treatments. After 3 years of growth, the in vitro-derived plants produced more stems, leaves, and rhizomes than the conventional cuttings which rarely produced rhizomes. In vitro culture on nutrient medium apparently induces the juvenile branching characteristics that favor rhizome production. This increase in vegetative growth and rhizome yield of in vitro-derived plants over stem cuttings varied among genotypes.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU INKUBASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO SOMATIK PURWOCENG (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
NUR AJIJAH ◽  
IRENG DARWATI ◽  
YUDIWANTI YUDIWANTI ◽  
ROOSTIKA ROOSTIKA
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Weight Increment ◽  
Shoot Number

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk. atau P. alpina KDS.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat asli Indonesia endemik dataran tinggidan pada saat ini dibudidayakan secara terbatas di Dataran Tinggi Dieng.Salah satu upaya yang dapat ditempuh untuk memperluas arealpengembangan tanaman ini adalah melalui perakitan varietas tolerandataran rendah atau menengah, yang antara lain dapat diperoleh melaluipendekatan seleksi ketahanan terhadap suhu tinggi yang dapat dilakukansecara in vitro. Pengaruh cekaman suhu tinggi terhadap pertumbuhan danperkembangan purwoceng secara in vitro sejauh ini belum diketahui.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu inkubasi terhadappertumbuhan dan perkembangan embrio somatik purwoceng secara invitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium kultur jaringan BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik (Balittro) Bogor mulai Oktober2007 – Maret 2008. Embrio somatik purwoceng diinduksi dari eksplandaun aseptik. Embrio somatik fase globuler yang terbentuk dipergunakansebagai eksplan kemudian diinkubasi pada tiga taraf suhu ruang yaitu 17,3± 0,5ºC (kontrol), 23,3 ± 2,1ºC, dan 32,8 ± 1,7ºC selama 3 bulan dengansub kultur setiap bulan sampai terbentuk planlet/tunas. Pengamatandilakukan terhadap peubah pertumbuhan dan perkembangan eksplanembrio somatik yang meliputi penambahan bobot segar eksplan,persentase eksplan yang membentuk tunas, jumlah tunas yang terbentukper eksplan serta persentase eksplan hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa suhu inkubasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua peubah yangdiamati. Rata-rata  penambahan  bobot  segar,  persentase  eksplanmembentuk tunas, jumlah tunas per eksplan dan persentase eksplan hidupsemakin menurun dengan semakin meningkatnya suhu inkubasi. Suhu 32,8± 1,7ºC memberikan pengaruh penghambatan yang nyata terhadappertumbuhan dan perkembangan embrio somatik purwoceng dibandingkansuhu kontrol dan 23,3 ± 2,1ºC sejak periode inkubasi 1 bulan. Sedangkansuhu 23,3 ± 2,1ºC baru memberikan pengaruh penghambatan yang nyatasetelah periode inkubasi 3 bulan.</p><p>Kata kunci : Pimpinella pruatjan, embrio somatik, suhu, pertumbuhan</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Effect of temperature incubation on growth and de-velopment of Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.)somatic embryos</p><p>Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., P. alpina KDS.) is one ofIndonesian medicinal plants. It is high altitude endemic species which iscurrently cultivated on a limited areas in the Dieng Plateau. One effort toexpand purwoceng cultivation areas is through the assembly ofpurwoceng varieties tolerant to low or medium altitude, among others, canbe obtained through the approach of selection for high temperaturetolerance that can be done by in vitro selection. How high temperaturestress influencing the growth and development of purwoceng somaticembryos is not known yet. The research aimed at determining theinfluence of incubation temperature on the growth and development ofpurwoceng somatic embryos. The research was conducted at tissue culturelaboratory of Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute(IMACRI) from October 2007 – March 2008. Purwoceng somaticembryos induced from aseptic leaves incubated at three levels of roomtemperature i.e. 17.3 ± 0.5 º C (control), 23.3 ± 2.1 ºC, and 32.8 ± 1.7 º Cfor 3 months with a subculture every month. Variables observed wereexplants fresh weight increment, percentage of explants forming shoot,number of shoot per explants, and percentage of survive explants. Theresult showed that the average of explants fresh weight increment,percentage of explants forming shoot, number of shoot per explants, andpercentage of survive explants decreased with the increase of temperature.The growth and development of purwoceng somatic embryos weresignificantly inhibited at the temperature of 32.8 ± 1.7ºC since one monthafter incubation, while the inhibition of temperature of 23.3 ± 2.1 ºC wasnot significant except after 3 month of incubation.</p><p>Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan, somatic embryos, temperature, growth</p>

scholarly journals Deletion of Mid1, a putative stretch-activated calcium channel in Claviceps purpurea, affects vegetative growth, cell wall synthesis and virulence

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (12) ◽  
pp. 3922-3933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Bormann ◽  
Paul Tudzynski
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Gene Replacement ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Disease Symptoms

The putative Claviceps purpurea homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae stretch-activated calcium ion channel Mid1 was investigated for its role in vegetative growth, differentiation and pathogenicity on rye (Secale cereale). Gene replacement mutants of Cl. purpurea mid1 were not affected in polar growth and branching in axenic culture but showed a significantly reduced growth rate. The growth defect could not be complemented by Ca2+ supplementation, in contrast to mid1 mutants in yeast, but the altered sensitivity of the mutants to changes in external and internal Ca2+ concentrations indicates some role of Mid1 in Ca2+ homeostasis. The major effect of mid1 deletion, however, was the complete loss of virulence: infected rye plants showed no disease symptoms at all. Detailed analyses of in vitro-infected rye ovaries demonstrated that the Δmid1 mutants had multiple apical branches and were unable to infect the host tissue, suggesting that Mid1 is essential for generating the necessary mechanical force for penetration. This is believed to be the first report of an essential role for a Mid1 homologue in the virulence of a plant-pathogenic fungus.

IN VITRO THERMAL REQUIREMENTS OF TWO ISOLATES OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE METCH.) SOROK. UNDER CONSTANT CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Cristina-Maria Lumînare ◽  
Daniel Nicolae Cojanu ◽  
Mihaela-Monica Dinu ◽  
Ana-Cristina Fătu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Thermal Requirements

"The effect of temperature on the mycelial growth of two isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorok. (Hypocreales, Clavicipitaceae) was evaluated in vitro on PDA growth medium, by measuring the diameter of the fungal colonies, at the following temperature values: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C, over 14 days under constant conditions. The data obtained were used for the calculation of the growth rate (mm/day) using linear regression. The representation of the values corresponding to the minimum, optimal and maximum temperature of vegetative growth was made by a curve described by a mathematical function, a modified beta (ß) function. The lowest temperatures at which growth occurs are 7 and 10°C, the highest is 35.7°C; temperature at which the most growth occurs, as indicated by the measurements, was distributed over a range of temperatures from 22.9 to 31°C."

scholarly journals Effects of Salinity and Plant Growth Media on in Vitro Growth and Development of Taro (Colocasia Esculenta L.) Varieties

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varea Vaurasi ◽  
Rashmi Kant
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Abstract Taro Colocasia esculenta is a staple food in most countries of the South Pacific region. However, the recent changes in the climatic conditions and the associated factors became a threat to growing taro in the region. Rising sea level and frequent dry and wet conditions had led to increased soil salinity which is a limiting factor in producing taro in these atoll islands. The aim of this research was to screen selected taro varieties based on their ability to tolerate salinity conditions in Samoa. Effects of three salinity levels (0.2, 3% and 5%), and growth hormones Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Thidiazuron (TDZ) were examined on growth and development of in vitro grown taro varieties. Plant height, number of leaves, and number of roots produced were compared in the selected varieties. Results suggest that all varieties had callus induction and regeneration in MSO medium. Addition of BAP induced better growth and the plants produced higher number of leaves, while TDZ improved roots proliferation in C. esculenta. Solomon variety performed best in high salinity conditions. Samoa-1 grew taller and had more leaves and roots compared to Samoa-2 variety. Thus, we suggest Solomon and Samoa-1 could perform better in high-salinity conditions.

scholarly journals The influence of temperature, daylength and sucrose concentration on the growth and development of Alstroemeria 'Zebra' in vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Gabryszewska
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
The Media ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Number Of Shoots

The influence of temperature, daylength and sucrose concentration on the growth and development of <em>Alstroemeria</em> 'Zebra' <em>in vitro</em> was investigated. Only slightly more lateral rhizomes were formed at 25°C in comparison with 17°C on the medium with BA. Presence of BA in the medium strongly increased number of upright growing shoots and more shoots were formed in temperature 25°C than in temperature 17°C. Rhizome multiplication and formation of upright growing shoots were not significantly influenced by daylength. Sucrose was required for the formation of lateral rhizomes, upright growing shoots and roots. The highest number Of lateral rhizomes was observed on the medium containing 60 and 80 gl<sup>-1</sup> sucrose and BA. Presence of BA in the medium with different sucrose concentrations markedly influenced the formation of upright growing shoots; the highest number of shoots was found on the explants cultured on the media with 20 and 30 gl<sup>-1</sup> sucrose. Low and high concentrations of sucrose inhibited upright growing shoots formation and their elongation. Rhizogenesis was not observed on rhizomes growing on the medium without sucrose and with 10 gl<sup>-1</sup> sucrose, either in the presence or absence of NAA„ The number of roots per plantlet on the medium with NAA increased with increasing sucrose levels. The highest sucrose concentrations slightly inhibited roots formation.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and vegetative growth of pathogenic seed-borne fungus, Curvularia lunata of tomato and its in vitro control measures

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
MB Billah ◽  
MM Sikder ◽  
MRI Mallik ◽  
MK Hossain ◽  
N Alam
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Culture

Present studies were conducted to isolate and identify the seed-borne pathogenic fungus from the selected tomato variety through morphological and molecular techniques based on the sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of 18S rDNA. According to the colony and conidial features, the fungus was identified as Curvularia sp. The obtained ITS sequencing showed above 99% similarity with Curvularia lunata in the NCBI database. The sequence of the fungus was deposited in NCBI GenBank under the accession number: ITS, MH382879.1. Besides, the phylogenetic tree further confirmed the taxonomic position of the studied fungus. Growth characteristics of the fungus on nine different fungal culture media were evaluated, in which Honey peptone agar, Carrot agar, Potato sucrose agar, and Kauffman’s agar were found the most suitable. The maximum vegetative growth of the fungus was recorded at 30°C temperature and pH conditions. The bio-control potential of five different antagonists against the studied fungus was assessed, in which Trichoderma harzianum showed the better performance to restrict mycelial growth. Three ethanolic plant extracts were also evaluated, in which Lowsonia inermis L. exhibited above 60% mycelial growth inhibition of the fungus. Among three tested fungicides, Tilt 250 EC was found as an excellent fungicide to inhibit mycelial growth of C. lunata under in vitro conditions. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 124-132, Dec 2021

The effect of temperature on high-resolution TEM image contrast

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
T. Geipel ◽  
W. Mader ◽  
P. Pirouz
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Waller Factor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Debye Waller Factor ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Atomic Form Factor

Temperature affects both elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons in a crystal. The Debye-Waller factor, B, describes the influence of temperature on the elastic scattering of electrons, whereas the imaginary part of the (complex) atomic form factor, fc = fr + ifi, describes the influence of temperature on the inelastic scattering of electrons (i.e. absorption). In HRTEM simulations, two possible ways to include absorption are: (i) an approximate method in which absorption is described by a phenomenological constant, μ, i.e. fi; - μfr, with the real part of the atomic form factor, fr, obtained from Hartree-Fock calculations, (ii) a more accurate method in which the absorptive components, fi of the atomic form factor are explicitly calculated. In this contribution, the inclusion of both the Debye-Waller factor and absorption on HRTEM images of a (Oll)-oriented GaAs crystal are presented (using the EMS software.Fig. 1 shows the the amplitudes and phases of the dominant 111 beams as a function of the specimen thickness, t, for the cases when μ = 0 (i.e. no absorption, solid line) and μ = 0.1 (with absorption, dashed line).

The development of dormancy in bulblets of Lilium speciosum generated in vitro. II. The effect of temperature

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Delvallee ◽  
Annie Paffen ◽  
Geert-Jan De Klerk
Keyword(s):  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Lilium Speciosum

Effect of Temperature on ADP-Induced Platelet Aggregation

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
C. A Praga ◽  
E. M Pogliani
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Induce Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Cuvette Holder ◽  
Exact Temperature

SummaryTemperature represents a very important variable in ADP-induced platelet aggregation.When low doses of ADP ( < 1 (μM) are used to induce platelet aggregation, the length of the incubation period of PRP in the cuvette holder of the aggregometer, thermostatted at 37° C, is very critical. Samples of the same PRP previously kept at room temperature, were incubated for increasing periods of time in the cuvette of the aggregometer before adding ADP, and a significant decrease of aggregation, proportional to the length of incubation, was observed. Stirring of the PRP during the incubation period made these changes more evident.To measure the exact temperature of the PRP during incubation in the aggre- gometer, a thermocouple device was used. While the temperature of the cuvette holder was stable at 37° C, the PRP temperature itself increased exponentially, taking about ten minutes from the beginning of the incubation to reach the value of 37° C. The above results have a practical significance in the reproducibility of the platelet aggregation test in vitro and acquire particular value when the effect of inhibitors of ADP induced platelet aggregation is studied.Experiments carried out with three anti-aggregating agents (acetyl salicyclic acid, dipyridamole and metergoline) have shown that the incubation conditions which influence both the effect of the drugs on platelets and the ADP breakdown in plasma must be strictly controlled.

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